Pub Date : 2015-09-03DOI: 10.1109/EIC.2015.7230703
B. PatilSanketa, G. ChilveriPurushottam, Markande S.D
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is dense cluster of sensor nodes that are spatilly arranged. WSN applications such as mission-critical military, homeland security, critical health applicsation where user's access security is necessary which provided by access control scheme for different access rights. Due to privacy reason or security clearance user's access restriction may be enforced with different access rights. Therefore, there is need of introduction of a promising access control scheme based on cryptography technique. In this paper different algorithms are studied amongst HBQ and ENABLE are implemented on NS-2. It shows that an energy-efficient access control scheme based on a symmetric cryptography technique i.e. ECC can be used to overcome limitations of security and more importantly to provide high energy-efficiency. Analysis and simulation concludes and proves that ENABLE scheme overcomes the security problems and has better energy-efficiency over HBQ.
{"title":"NS-2 implementation and comparison of ENABLE and HBQ protocol of access control scheme based on ECC for WSN security","authors":"B. PatilSanketa, G. ChilveriPurushottam, Markande S.D","doi":"10.1109/EIC.2015.7230703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.2015.7230703","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor network (WSN) is dense cluster of sensor nodes that are spatilly arranged. WSN applications such as mission-critical military, homeland security, critical health applicsation where user's access security is necessary which provided by access control scheme for different access rights. Due to privacy reason or security clearance user's access restriction may be enforced with different access rights. Therefore, there is need of introduction of a promising access control scheme based on cryptography technique. In this paper different algorithms are studied amongst HBQ and ENABLE are implemented on NS-2. It shows that an energy-efficient access control scheme based on a symmetric cryptography technique i.e. ECC can be used to overcome limitations of security and more importantly to provide high energy-efficiency. Analysis and simulation concludes and proves that ENABLE scheme overcomes the security problems and has better energy-efficiency over HBQ.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85921926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1964-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TPAS.1964.4765978
R. Blodgett, F. H. Gooding, E. Hack
Carbon black paper screens have been used over the conductor and over the insulation of high voltage cables. This causes a stress dependent rise in tan 5 of the cable which is shown in this report to be related to conditions at the carbon black (CB) paper-insulating paper interface, and not to losses within the body of the CB paper layer. A "cold-emission" of electrons is postulated to account for the observed effects of CB paper on tan δ.
{"title":"Parameters affecting the increase in dielectric loss due to carbon black paper screens for oil-paper dielectrics","authors":"R. Blodgett, F. H. Gooding, E. Hack","doi":"10.1109/TPAS.1964.4765978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1964.4765978","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon black paper screens have been used over the conductor and over the insulation of high voltage cables. This causes a stress dependent rise in tan 5 of the cable which is shown in this report to be related to conditions at the carbon black (CB) paper-insulating paper interface, and not to losses within the body of the CB paper layer. A \"cold-emission\" of electrons is postulated to account for the observed effects of CB paper on tan δ.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"39 1","pages":"37-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84842575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473195
P. Tierney, W. C. Divens, T. Dakin, D. Berg
The volume resistivity of boron nitride samples was determined as a function of temperature in the range 100–600C. In plots of log resistivity vs. reciprocal temperature for boron nitride bodies prepared from the same lot of boron nitride, similar curves were obtained. These curves consisted of two straight-line regions — one above 400C and another below 300C. The level of the resistivity for each test specimen depended upon the temperature at which the sample was heated before measurement and also upon the care taken in excluding impurities from the specimen during its preparation. The slopes of the curves in the straight-line regions did not change with different fabrication conditions.
{"title":"The electrical properties of boron nitride","authors":"P. Tierney, W. C. Divens, T. Dakin, D. Berg","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473195","url":null,"abstract":"The volume resistivity of boron nitride samples was determined as a function of temperature in the range 100–600C. In plots of log resistivity vs. reciprocal temperature for boron nitride bodies prepared from the same lot of boron nitride, similar curves were obtained. These curves consisted of two straight-line regions — one above 400C and another below 300C. The level of the resistivity for each test specimen depended upon the temperature at which the sample was heated before measurement and also upon the care taken in excluding impurities from the specimen during its preparation. The slopes of the curves in the straight-line regions did not change with different fabrication conditions.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82129963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473177
L. Mandelcorn, R. Hoff
In earlier phases of this program, which have been reported1,2, a study was made of the effects of electrical discharges in static air on the electrical resistance of different insulators2. The surface power density to which the insulators were subjected was set at different levels (for the initial period of discharge) in the range of 4 to 360 watts/cm2. Two interesting observations made in that investigation were; minima in some of the electrical resistance-time curves with recovery of good insulation characteristics after prolonged periods of discharge, (Class 1 and 2 materials), and greater discharge resistance at 360 watts/cm2 than at lower power densities for certain insulators. The initial decrease in electrical resistance and low discharge resistance at relatively low power densities were associated with carbonization of resin at temperatures below 800°C. Sustained combustion at 800°C and above, and also gas blast effects were the mechanisms suggested for increases in discharge resistance during prolonged periods of discharge and at 360 watts/cm respectively. Therefore, it was desirable to study the effects of discharges also in the presence of a non-oxidizing atmosphere, i.e. nitrogen. This was also prompted by the observed greater discharge resistance in nitrogen than in air below 4 watts/cm (1). Flowing gas was also used, to eliminate from the discharge column organic vapors evolved from the insulators. These vapors, in the static air experiments, altered the conditions of discharge and were decomposed to carbon in the discharge.
{"title":"The effects of electrical discharges between electrodes across insulation surfaces: III. Discharges occurring in nitrogen and in flowing gas","authors":"L. Mandelcorn, R. Hoff","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473177","url":null,"abstract":"In earlier phases of this program, which have been reported1,2, a study was made of the effects of electrical discharges in static air on the electrical resistance of different insulators2. The surface power density to which the insulators were subjected was set at different levels (for the initial period of discharge) in the range of 4 to 360 watts/cm2. Two interesting observations made in that investigation were; minima in some of the electrical resistance-time curves with recovery of good insulation characteristics after prolonged periods of discharge, (Class 1 and 2 materials), and greater discharge resistance at 360 watts/cm2 than at lower power densities for certain insulators. The initial decrease in electrical resistance and low discharge resistance at relatively low power densities were associated with carbonization of resin at temperatures below 800°C. Sustained combustion at 800°C and above, and also gas blast effects were the mechanisms suggested for increases in discharge resistance during prolonged periods of discharge and at 360 watts/cm respectively. Therefore, it was desirable to study the effects of discharges also in the presence of a non-oxidizing atmosphere, i.e. nitrogen. This was also prompted by the observed greater discharge resistance in nitrogen than in air below 4 watts/cm (1). Flowing gas was also used, to eliminate from the discharge column organic vapors evolved from the insulators. These vapors, in the static air experiments, altered the conditions of discharge and were decomposed to carbon in the discharge.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"3 1","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90344186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473180
D. Scheiber
The chemical structure of the repeat unit of polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) F — C — F — F — C — Cl possesses a molecular asymmetry which gives rise to dipolar relaxation phenomena.
聚氯三氟乙烯(PCTFE)重复单元F - C - F - F - C - Cl的化学结构具有分子不对称性，引起偶极弛豫现象。
{"title":"Dielectric study of the effect of crystallization upon the glass transition of polychlorotrifluoroethylene","authors":"D. Scheiber","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473180","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical structure of the repeat unit of polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) F — C — F — F — C — Cl possesses a molecular asymmetry which gives rise to dipolar relaxation phenomena.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"28 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87987937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473178
W. H. Barney
A low frequency bridge and a d.c. charging technique were combined to study dielectric data from 103 cycles/second to below 10−3 cycles/second. This information was assembled with supplementary high frequency data. Two glasses, which represent extremes in dielectric behavior were studied. A comparison of their dielectric response indicates a significant difference in their dielectric constant dispersions. The dielectric constant response, located in a region many orders of ten lower in frequency than the d.c. to a.c. resistivity transition, revealed an extremely large nonlinear dielectric constant dispersion. This dispersion can be classified as an inter-facial polarization and is logically associated with the d.c. resistivity. The dielectric constant response, located in the frequency region adjacent to the d.c. and a.c. resistivity transition, revealed a normal linear dielectric constant dispersion. This dispersion thus appears to be associated with the a.c. resistivity.
{"title":"Low frequency dielectric investigation of glasses","authors":"W. H. Barney","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473178","url":null,"abstract":"A low frequency bridge and a d.c. charging technique were combined to study dielectric data from 103 cycles/second to below 10−3 cycles/second. This information was assembled with supplementary high frequency data. Two glasses, which represent extremes in dielectric behavior were studied. A comparison of their dielectric response indicates a significant difference in their dielectric constant dispersions. The dielectric constant response, located in a region many orders of ten lower in frequency than the d.c. to a.c. resistivity transition, revealed an extremely large nonlinear dielectric constant dispersion. This dispersion can be classified as an inter-facial polarization and is logically associated with the d.c. resistivity. The dielectric constant response, located in the frequency region adjacent to the d.c. and a.c. resistivity transition, revealed a normal linear dielectric constant dispersion. This dispersion thus appears to be associated with the a.c. resistivity.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"26 1","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77150660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473168
R. Smith
Some of the fundamental problems associated with the electrical behavior of insulators involve contacts, space-charge effects, and high field phenomenon. CdS has a band-gap of 2.4 ev and ultra-pure crystals having relatively low imperfection densities are available. This paper is a review of some of the important features of conduction in insulators that are observed in CdS. The idea we wish to emphasize most here, is that of conduction by carrier injection. Insulators can pass relatively high current by this mechanism, and as methods are developed for producing better crystals, analytical techniques and devices based on this mode of conduction will become more important.
{"title":"Space-charge limited conduction in insulators","authors":"R. Smith","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473168","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the fundamental problems associated with the electrical behavior of insulators involve contacts, space-charge effects, and high field phenomenon. CdS has a band-gap of 2.4 ev and ultra-pure crystals having relatively low imperfection densities are available. This paper is a review of some of the important features of conduction in insulators that are observed in CdS. The idea we wish to emphasize most here, is that of conduction by carrier injection. Insulators can pass relatively high current by this mechanism, and as methods are developed for producing better crystals, analytical techniques and devices based on this mode of conduction will become more important.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"182 ","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91519355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473196
A. Patterson
Measurements of the pH, low and high field conductances have been made for solutions of uranyl nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate and fluoride over a temperature range from 5 to 65°. It was found that solutions of uranyl nitrate and perchlorate exhibit a decrease of conductance with increasing field, or a ‘negative’ Wien effect, a phenomenon not heretofore observed. All these solutions behave as a system of hydrolytic products involved in a complex competitive assemblage of equilibria, in agreement with other experimental work. Theoretical calculations have been performed with which to compare the experimental results. The following three figures depict the experimental results on the nitrate and perchlorate and a comparison with the behavior of the two other uranyl compounds at 25°. It is suggested that a possible explanation of the decrease in conductance with increase in field may be found in the reversal by the field of the equilibrium.
{"title":"A study of the high field conductance of some uranyl ion solutions","authors":"A. Patterson","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473196","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of the pH, low and high field conductances have been made for solutions of uranyl nitrate, perchlorate, sulfate and fluoride over a temperature range from 5 to 65°. It was found that solutions of uranyl nitrate and perchlorate exhibit a decrease of conductance with increasing field, or a ‘negative’ Wien effect, a phenomenon not heretofore observed. All these solutions behave as a system of hydrolytic products involved in a complex competitive assemblage of equilibria, in agreement with other experimental work. Theoretical calculations have been performed with which to compare the experimental results. The following three figures depict the experimental results on the nitrate and perchlorate and a comparison with the behavior of the two other uranyl compounds at 25°. It is suggested that a possible explanation of the decrease in conductance with increase in field may be found in the reversal by the field of the equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"26 1","pages":"141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83599817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473175
W. Starr, J. P. Agrios
This report covers the tests we have made on polyethylene insulated shielded coaxial cable. It summarizes eight quarterly reports and one final report. Radio frequency cable and triaxial pulse cable have been examined. The Signal Corps must obtain cable from suppliers for various applications. The most critical applications are high voltage ones. It needs to know how long the cable may be expected to live at high voltage but the only information it obtains from the suppliers is the sixty cycle withstand voltage test and the corona voltage. It wants to know what correlations may exist between these measurements, electric strength, and life, as well as what other tests may be necessary.
{"title":"Corona measurements, voids and life of polyethylene insulated cable","authors":"W. Starr, J. P. Agrios","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473175","url":null,"abstract":"This report covers the tests we have made on polyethylene insulated shielded coaxial cable. It summarizes eight quarterly reports and one final report. Radio frequency cable and triaxial pulse cable have been examined. The Signal Corps must obtain cable from suppliers for various applications. The most critical applications are high voltage ones. It needs to know how long the cable may be expected to live at high voltage but the only information it obtains from the suppliers is the sixty cycle withstand voltage test and the corona voltage. It wants to know what correlations may exist between these measurements, electric strength, and life, as well as what other tests may be necessary.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"22 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83943721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1961-10-01DOI: 10.1109/CEI.1961.7473179
C. Hirayama, D. Berg
The incorporation of titanium oxide in glasses is widely practiced. From the more fundamental aspect the contribution of the titanium ion to the dielectric properties, particularly the dielectric constant, is of special interest. The dielectric constant of glasses in the TiO2-Na2O-SiO2 system has been measured up to 1010 cycles per second. These glasses have dielectric constants as high as 13 even at this high frequency. The polarisability of Ti+4 is small as may be seen by comparison of the molar refraction of Ti+4 (0.47 cm3) with that of Pb+4 (1.56 cm3) and Ba+2 (3.9 cm3). Hence, the high dielectric constant of the TiO2 containing glasses cannot be attributed to the electronic polarization but must be attributed to ionic orientation of the Ti+4 ion.
{"title":"Dielectric properties of glasses in the system TiO2-Na2O-SiO2","authors":"C. Hirayama, D. Berg","doi":"10.1109/CEI.1961.7473179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEI.1961.7473179","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of titanium oxide in glasses is widely practiced. From the more fundamental aspect the contribution of the titanium ion to the dielectric properties, particularly the dielectric constant, is of special interest. The dielectric constant of glasses in the TiO<inf>2</inf>-Na<inf>2</inf>O-SiO<inf>2</inf> system has been measured up to 10<sup>10</sup> cycles per second. These glasses have dielectric constants as high as 13 even at this high frequency. The polarisability of Ti<sup>+4</sup> is small as may be seen by comparison of the molar refraction of Ti<sup>+4</sup> (0.47 cm<sup>3</sup>) with that of Pb<sup>+4</sup> (1.56 cm<sup>3</sup>) and Ba<sup>+2</sup> (3.9 cm<sup>3</sup>). Hence, the high dielectric constant of the TiO<inf>2</inf> containing glasses cannot be attributed to the electronic polarization but must be attributed to ionic orientation of the Ti<sup>+4</sup> ion.","PeriodicalId":8239,"journal":{"name":"Annual Report 1961 Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"14 1","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1961-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91018278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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