{"title":"The literature on the history of science and technology in Canada: 1992-1994.","authors":"B. MacDonald, D. Kaunelis","doi":"10.7202/800384AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800384AR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"60 1","pages":"152-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80654479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Science, progressivism, and \"practical idealism\": reflections on efficient imperialism and federal science in Australia, 1895-1915.","authors":"Roy MacLeod","doi":"10.7202/800362AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800362AR","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"8 1","pages":"7-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87839555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citer cet article Jarrell, R. (1993). Measuring Scientific Activity in Canada and Australia before 1915: Exploring Some Possibilities. Scientia Canadensis, 17(1-2), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.7202/800363ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]
{"title":"Measuring scientific activity in Canada and Australia before 1915: exploring some possibilities.","authors":"R. Jarrell","doi":"10.7202/800363AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800363AR","url":null,"abstract":"Citer cet article Jarrell, R. (1993). Measuring Scientific Activity in Canada and Australia before 1915: Exploring Some Possibilities. Scientia Canadensis, 17(1-2), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.7202/800363ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"43 1","pages":"27-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86572926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Research Council's Associate Committee on Tuberculosis Research set the standard and precedent for organized Canadian medical research. Established in 1924, the Committee explored some of the most significant biomedical questions of the time, and in 1938 it metamorphosed into the National Research Council's Associate Committee on Medical Research. This circuitous path into medical research elucidates the pragmatic economic, industrial and political concerns that gave the Canadian scientific spirit—or research ideal—shape.
{"title":"The origins of organized Canadian medical research: the National Research Council's Associate Committee on Tuberculosis Research, 1924-1938.","authors":"Georgina D. Feldberg","doi":"10.7202/800328AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800328AR","url":null,"abstract":"The National Research Council's Associate Committee on Tuberculosis Research set the standard and precedent for organized Canadian medical research. Established in 1924, the Committee explored some of the most significant biomedical questions of the time, and in 1938 it metamorphosed into the National Research Council's Associate Committee on Medical Research. This circuitous path into medical research elucidates the pragmatic economic, industrial and political concerns that gave the Canadian scientific spirit—or research ideal—shape.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"34 1","pages":"53-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81775910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the interrelationship of women and the National Research Council of Canada during the 1916-1991 period. Although women received 14% of the NRC fellowships and bursaries before 1931, they fared less well during and after the Depression. Based on information obtained from primary and secondary written sources as well as from interviews with both women and men employed by the NRC, the paper traces changing trends in employment practices and improved research opportunities for women scientists at the NRC.
{"title":"A select few: women and the National Research Council of Canada, 1916-1991.","authors":"M. Ainley, C. Millar","doi":"10.7202/800331AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800331AR","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the interrelationship of women and the National Research Council of Canada during the 1916-1991 period. Although women received 14% of the NRC fellowships and bursaries before 1931, they fared less well during and after the Depression. Based on information obtained from primary and secondary written sources as well as from interviews with both women and men employed by the NRC, the paper traces changing trends in employment practices and improved research opportunities for women scientists at the NRC.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"39 1","pages":"105-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90514540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of the NRC is approached from two perspectives: first, in terms of the historiographical ideas presented in the literature, and second, in terms of its place within the science policy debates. There follow a select chronology and bibliography of the NRC.
{"title":"The National Research Council of Canada: its historiography, its chronology, its bibliography.","authors":"D. Phillipson","doi":"10.7202/800335AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800335AR","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the NRC is approached from two perspectives: first, in terms of the historiographical ideas presented in the literature, and second, in terms of its place within the science policy debates. There follow a select chronology and bibliography of the NRC.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"12 1","pages":"177-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During World War II the original Associate Committee on Medical Research and three additional committees (each associated with a branch of the military) of the National Research Council organized wartime medical research. The war provided an opportunity for the NRC to demonstrate the utility of medical research and the ability of Canadians to make significant contributions to the allied research effort.
{"title":"The associate committees on medical research of the National Research Council and the Second World War.","authors":"T. Romano","doi":"10.7202/800329AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800329AR","url":null,"abstract":"During World War II the original Associate Committee on Medical Research and three additional committees (each associated with a branch of the military) of the National Research Council organized wartime medical research. The war provided an opportunity for the NRC to demonstrate the utility of medical research and the ability of Canadians to make significant contributions to the allied research effort.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"38 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77825595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following World War II the National Research Council established a programme of Postdoctorate Fellowships to meet the increasing need for postdoctoral training. Initially for tenure in the NRC laboratories and overseas, the fellowships were rapidly extended to Canadian universities, other federal departments and agencies and, eventually, Canadian industries. The development and achievements of the programme are reviewed from its inception in 1948 to its transfer to the new Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council in 1978.
{"title":"The NRC Postdoctorate Fellowships, 1948-1978.","authors":"A. Tickner","doi":"10.7202/800333AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800333AR","url":null,"abstract":"Following World War II the National Research Council established a programme of Postdoctorate Fellowships to meet the increasing need for postdoctoral training. Initially for tenure in the NRC laboratories and overseas, the fellowships were rapidly extended to Canadian universities, other federal departments and agencies and, eventually, Canadian industries. The development and achievements of the programme are reviewed from its inception in 1948 to its transfer to the new Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council in 1978.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"56 1","pages":"145-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73784418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The federal government took on the responsibility for the funding and coordination of medical research in 1938 with the creation of the Associate Committee on Medical Research of the National Research Council of Canada. The Associate Committee and its successor, the Division of Medical Research, developed policies and practices which promoted the growth of original investigation in the medical sciences through the Second World War and the post-war expansion. Their work helped to stimulate and institutionalize medical research on a national basis.
{"title":"Expansion and consolidation: the Associate Committee and the Division of Medical Research of the NRC, 1938-1959.","authors":"A. Li","doi":"10.7202/800330AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800330AR","url":null,"abstract":"The federal government took on the responsibility for the funding and coordination of medical research in 1938 with the creation of the Associate Committee on Medical Research of the National Research Council of Canada. The Associate Committee and its successor, the Division of Medical Research, developed policies and practices which promoted the growth of original investigation in the medical sciences through the Second World War and the post-war expansion. Their work helped to stimulate and institutionalize medical research on a national basis.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"06 1","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85979850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitalist theories of physiology, together with notions of 'femininity' and 'masculinity,' helped to shape medical views and practices relating to children's health in Ontario at the turn of the century. In their pronouncements on sex-appropriate school programmes and curricula, doctors and medically-trained physical educators were influenced as much by socially constructed notions of the ideal feminine personality as by medical considerations such as female chest development, menstrual function and reproductive capacity. The practice of sport and physical education in most Ontario schools reflected this medical conservatism.
{"title":"Raising \"good vigorous animals\": medical interest in children's health in Ontario, 1890-1930.","authors":"H. Lenskyj","doi":"10.7202/800273AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/800273AR","url":null,"abstract":"Vitalist theories of physiology, together with notions of 'femininity' and 'masculinity,' helped to shape medical views and practices relating to children's health in Ontario at the turn of the century. In their pronouncements on sex-appropriate school programmes and curricula, doctors and medically-trained physical educators were influenced as much by socially constructed notions of the ideal feminine personality as by medical considerations such as female chest development, menstrual function and reproductive capacity. The practice of sport and physical education in most Ontario schools reflected this medical conservatism.","PeriodicalId":82679,"journal":{"name":"Scientia canadensis","volume":"18 1","pages":"129-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74257356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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