Archiv fur Geschwulstforschung最新文献

The increasing number of imaging procedures in the oncological diagnostics requires the rational and economic reasonable use of these methods. To avoid an "overdiagnosis" due to the use of multiple expensive methods for the same diagnostic problem, precise information about the cost-benefit-risk relations are necessary and should be available for radiologists, oncologists and other authorities. The aim is to receive a fast and more reliable diagnosis with lower risk and burden for the patients in reasonable expense. As a result may be the reduction of less effective outmoded methods. This paper formulates basic considerations which can be used for further more detailed and intensive investigations for establishing a rational diagnosis.

By an analysis in detail of incidences of lung cancer of the years 1971 to 1984 and of the data of consumption of cigarettes per head in GDR during the years 1960 to 1984 we discussed the further trends of morbidity and mortality in lung cancer in our country. We pointed out: 1. From 1972 to 1985 the mortality of lung cancer in males dropped from 6,023 per year to 5,213, while that of females increased from 698 to 959. 2. In the time from 1971 to 1983 the over-all incidence (crude rates) of lung cancer in males decreased from 87.1 per 100,000 to 75.5 per 100,000, but came up to 77.2 per 100,000 in 1984. The females rose from 9.7 to 12.3 per 100,000 in the same interval. 3. The age related incidences showed different courses not regarding the different levels of both sexes. In the age group of 30-59 we found a significant incidence rise. The incidence of the 60-69 year old males dropped in a range of 10%; that of the females with the same age had an undulating course with rising trend. Males and females of an age of 70 years and older also had an undulating course with increasing trend. 4. Between 1970 and 1979 the proportions of histological types moved. The adenocarcinomas of males rose significantly from 10.0 to 12.6% and that of large cell carcinomas from 3.6 to 6.0%. In the females the proportions of large cell cancers rose also from 4.2 to 7.5%. 5. The histological types of lung cancer have a significant age relation: Undifferentiated cancers and adenocarcinomas decrease with the age while proportions of squamous cell cancers rise with the age. 6. During 1960 to 1969 the market share of filter cigarettes changed from less than 10% to 79% and rose to 91% until 1975. In the same time the cigarette consumption per head of population increased continuously until now (1984: consumption of cigarettes per head 1,845). 7. In the age group of 18-25 the proportions of smokers is 50% and their middle consumption of cigarettes per day amounts to 11 cigarettes. In the age group of 45-55 the proportion of smokers runs to 34% and their cigarette consumption per day comes to 15 cigarettes. The proportion of male smokers amounts to 47%. The proportion of female smokers amounts to 18%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Immunohistochemistry is now an established technique in larger diagnostic histopathology units, but its full potential is not always achieved due to irrational application and incorrect interpretation. This review attempts to place the use of monoclonal antibodies in relation to the wider aspects of morphological diagnosis. The necessity of obtaining familiarity with the techniques and reagents in order to recognise artefacts is emphasized, and the practical benefit of this technique in difficult diagnostic problems is discussed.

This article presents the general principles of screening for cancer which have rigorously to be judged before programmes can be introduced. As to cervical and breast cancer, there is good evidence that screening can be beneficial. On the other hand, with lung or colorectal cancer screening programmes cannot be recommended as efficient measures to control these diseases.

The main indications for lymphography by oncological patients are primary or secondary lymph node tumours. CT also became very useful in these cases. In this study the results of lymphography and computed tomography were compared in 100 patients with lymph node tumours. An absolute concurrence of both methods was found in only one half of the material. In 18% lymphography was clearly positive and CT negative. In 6% CT was positive while lymphography was negative. In 25% CT yielded important extra useful information. Lymphography and CT complement each other. Both methods are about equal in terms of sensitivity and reliability. CT is the basic method to be performed invariably prior to lymphography.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different levels of dietary fat on methyl-nitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis in correlation with parameters of the fat metabolism. 90 female Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated i.v. with 25 mg MNU/kg on day 50 of life. For a period of 6 months, beginning after the day of initiation, the animals received either a control diet (12% of total energy as fat, Group I) or one of the fat-enriched semisynthetic diets (25 en% of fat, Group II, or 45 en%, Group III, respectively) at an isocaloric level of 50 kcal/rat/day. The principal observations of this experiment were: (1) The fat content of diet did not significantly influence mammary carcinogenesis. (2) The values of plasma total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides and their density separated VLDL and LDL-fractions showed a significant time-dependent increase. (3) HDL-values of cholesterol and triglycerides showed no changes in dependence to time and fat content of the diet. (4) The liver lipid concentrations of groups increased significantly with dietary fat content.

We have generated transgenic mouse lines expressing the proto-oncogene c-fos under the control of the interferon inducible Mx promotor. We found low expression in skeletal muscle, brain and salivary glands and a very high expression in spleen, liver, thymus, heart and kidney. Despite this transgenic c-fos expression we have not yet detected any phenotypic changes in these mouse lines.