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The effectiveness to reduce tumor growth by 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl)- 1-nitrosourea (SLCNU) and N,N,N,'N'- bis(1,2-ethanediyl)-N"-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- 2-piperidinylaminocarbonyl)-phosphoric triamide (SLDU) was studied in osteosarcoma and MNU-induced mammary carcinoma in the SD-rat. Both compounds elicited neither an inhibitory effect on these tumors nor an increase in the mean/median life span as compared to the control group.

Spontaneous pituitary adenomas are common in certain strains of the laboratory rat. Investigations of Wistar rats of two years chronic toxicity studies revealed pituitary tumors in 50% of the females and 26% of the males. The morphology of the spontaneous changes in the pituitary gland was investigated with immunohistochemical and histological methods. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique was used to localize different hormones (LH, ACTH) in cells of the pars intermedia and pars distalis as well as neurophysin, oxytocin and vasopressin the terminals of the classic neurosecretory system of the pars nervosa. The results show that most of the neoplasms were endocrinologically inactive chromophobe adenomas of the pars distalis.

In contrast to the increasing incidence of rectal tumours the treatment results have reached a plateau. For their improvement it is necessary to exhaust all treatment modalities currently available. One approach might be centralized therapy at specialized hospitals (to use capacities and abilities located there) and another approach is the use of adjuvant treatments in certain patients. To secure optimal results of adjuvant treatments the patients should be stratified for some acknowledged prognostic factors.

We have examined the application of the subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) by use of normal immunocompetent (NIC) mice for chemosensitivity testing of primary breast cancers. In 18 out of 20 carcinomas an evaluation was possible. AB mice (10 breast cancers) and B6D2-F1 mice (10 breast cancers) were taken as recipients. Measurement of the size and the histological examination of all transplants were obligatory performed before and after finishing the assay on day 6. By use of AB mice as well as B6D2 mice in each group in 6 out of 9 evaluable cancers occurred a significant growth of the transplanted tissues after 6 days (p less than 0.05). It could be demonstrated by the histological examination that the enlargement was a consequence of the immunological reaction of the NIC mouse to the xenogeneic material. In most cases (76 of 97 used mice) the transplants consisted of inflammation cells only. Vital tumor cells were seen only in few cases (21 of 97 used mice). It is concluded, that the SRCA is not suitable for chemosensitivity testing of human breast cancer, if NIC mice as recipients are used.

Twenty-nine patients with progressive advanced carcinoma of the breast were treated with 40 mg/day norethisterone acetate orally in this clinical trial. 27 of 29 patients were evaluable for response to the drug. One patient achieved a partial response (duration 2 months), 6 had a stable disease (median duration 7.6 months) and 20 developed a progressive disease on treatment. There was a high rate of liver toxicity in 23 patients [grade 3 and 4 according to WHO (1)]. The literature on norethisterone acetate is reviewed and compared with present results. The role of progestogenic agents in treatment of advanced mammary carcinoma is discussed.

The present study deals with the induction of teratomas and teratocarcinomas in two strains of mice (C3H/Bln and 129/terSv). 6 to 7 days old egg cylinders were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of adult syngeneic male and female recipients. Out of 115 grafted embryos 32 gave rise to teratoid tumors. Both the overall tumor incidence (teratomas and teratocarcinomas) and the overall percentage of teratocarcinomas were approximately the same in the strains used. In strain C3H/Bln the gender of the recipient seemed to influence the outgrowth of malignant tumors. Two transplantable C3H-teratocarcinomas could be established (DTC-4, DTC-8). Up to date both have retained their pluripotent differentiation pattern which makes them useful for intended further investigations.

The effect of oestrone on hepatic tumours induced in the female toads Bufo regularis by N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMNA) was evaluated. Injecting the toads with DMNA induced hepatocellular carcinomas in 17% comparable with 23% in toads injected with DMNA plus oestrone. These results show that oestrone insignificantly enhanced the tumour formation. Oestrone alone induced hepatic tumours in only 4 cases and was considered as a weak initiator.

Normal human red blood cells, taken from healthy young men were separated from the other blood cells with the aid of a density centrifugation. The cells were titrated with acid to a defined minimal pH value and retitrated with sodium hydroxide to normal pH (7.4 +/- 0.1) two times. After each of the two acid loadings, which were done at 37 degrees C (normothermia) and 43 degrees C (hyperthermia) the so-called specific filtration time (FZsp) is determined with 5 microns Nuclepore membranes under 4% hematocrit. FZsp is a measure for the relative flow resistance of the red blood cells they have with the filtering membrane. FZsp was found to be irreversibly increased by the twofold acid load. The effect increases with decreasing pH and increasing temperature. Hydrochloric acid has a greater effect than lactic acid.