Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890409602961
Norris Alfred
A A 5-Year Follow-Up of Airway Symptoms after Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure in an Indoor Ice Arena (Brief Communication). Rosenlund M, Jungnelius S, Bluhm G, Svartengren M. 59(4):213-217. A Dried Blood Spot Method to Evaluate Cholinesterase Activity in Young Children. Hilborn ED, Padilla S. 59(9): 467-470. A Hospital Outbreak of Legionella from a Contaminated Water Supply. TerCelj-Zorman M, Seljak M, Stare J, Mencinger J, Rakovec I, Rylander R, Strle F. 59(3):156-159. A National Population Study of the Prevalence of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Caress SM, Steinemann AC. 59(6): 300-305. Acute Effects of Noise on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. Lusk SL, Gillespie B, Hagerty BM, Ziemba RA. 59(8):392-399. Air Pollution, Passive Smoking, and Respiratory Symptoms in Adults. %gala C, Poizeau D, Neukirch F, Aubier M, Samson I, Gehanno P. 59(12):669-676. Airborne Endotoxin and Its Relationship to Pulmonary Function among Workers in an Indian Jute Mill. Mukherjee AK, Chattopadhyay BP, Bhattacharya SK, Saiyed HN. 59(4):
{"title":"Index to Volume 59","authors":"Norris Alfred","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602961","url":null,"abstract":"A A 5-Year Follow-Up of Airway Symptoms after Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure in an Indoor Ice Arena (Brief Communication). Rosenlund M, Jungnelius S, Bluhm G, Svartengren M. 59(4):213-217. A Dried Blood Spot Method to Evaluate Cholinesterase Activity in Young Children. Hilborn ED, Padilla S. 59(9): 467-470. A Hospital Outbreak of Legionella from a Contaminated Water Supply. TerCelj-Zorman M, Seljak M, Stare J, Mencinger J, Rakovec I, Rylander R, Strle F. 59(3):156-159. A National Population Study of the Prevalence of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity. Caress SM, Steinemann AC. 59(6): 300-305. Acute Effects of Noise on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate. Lusk SL, Gillespie B, Hagerty BM, Ziemba RA. 59(8):392-399. Air Pollution, Passive Smoking, and Respiratory Symptoms in Adults. %gala C, Poizeau D, Neukirch F, Aubier M, Samson I, Gehanno P. 59(12):669-676. Airborne Endotoxin and Its Relationship to Pulmonary Function among Workers in an Indian Jute Mill. Mukherjee AK, Chattopadhyay BP, Bhattacharya SK, Saiyed HN. 59(4):","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"742 - 747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73762747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039896.2003.11879138
K. Kilburn, W. Rea
IMPAIRED FUNCTION AND DISEASE associated with living in a home in which mold is found seems new, but may have originated with the 1973 energy crisis. There are an estimated 40 million Americans exposed. As frequently occurs with "new" medical problems, public media, the legal profession, and insurance companies writing homeowners policies seem most aware of the problem. Physicians are consulted to render diagnoses, and to measure functional losses, assay symptoms, and opine as to whether molds found on surfaces, in the air, or evidenced by antibodies in the patient's blood are causing any or all of the manifestations. Patients hope that physicians can treat them to stop symptoms and reverse the abnormalities. In this issue of Archives, and the next, we offer a collection of papers that address these concerns. The papers were presented at the 21st Annual International Symposiumon Man and His Environment in Health and Disease, held in Dallas, Texas, in June 2003 under the joint sponsorship of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine and the American Environmental Health Foundation. The objective of the conference was to determine what circumstances have enabled molds to cause disease, why this has occurred relatively recently, and how it can be prevented. The participants included oceanographers studying coral reefs, chemists (of mycotoxin), microbiologists, physicians, otolaryngolgists, physiologists, immunologists, engineers, industrial hygienists, architects, and designers. The 30 papers presented in 3-1/2 days stimulated many discussions. The organizers decided to publish the papers because concepts crystallized sufficiently to give a coherent story that explained much about mold! mycotoxin disorders. Most clear is the need to design houses and other buildings to breathe and ventilate out moisture and high humidity so as to take away the water needed for the growth of mold. Remediation of moldy buildings depends on those same principles. Building boomed with the end of World War II to furnish 2 decades of pent-up demand from the Great Depression and the war. Let us review this scenario. To meet the demand, home building went to tracts, particularly in the sun states. Fast meant cheap and tight. As homes metamorphosed after 1950 to reduce ventilation
{"title":"Mold Conference Objectives and Summary","authors":"K. Kilburn, W. Rea","doi":"10.1080/00039896.2003.11879138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.2003.11879138","url":null,"abstract":"IMPAIRED FUNCTION AND DISEASE associated with living in a home in which mold is found seems new, but may have originated with the 1973 energy crisis. There are an estimated 40 million Americans exposed. As frequently occurs with \"new\" medical problems, public media, the legal profession, and insurance companies writing homeowners policies seem most aware of the problem. Physicians are consulted to render diagnoses, and to measure functional losses, assay symptoms, and opine as to whether molds found on surfaces, in the air, or evidenced by antibodies in the patient's blood are causing any or all of the manifestations. Patients hope that physicians can treat them to stop symptoms and reverse the abnormalities. In this issue of Archives, and the next, we offer a collection of papers that address these concerns. The papers were presented at the 21st Annual International Symposiumon Man and His Environment in Health and Disease, held in Dallas, Texas, in June 2003 under the joint sponsorship of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine and the American Environmental Health Foundation. The objective of the conference was to determine what circumstances have enabled molds to cause disease, why this has occurred relatively recently, and how it can be prevented. The participants included oceanographers studying coral reefs, chemists (of mycotoxin), microbiologists, physicians, otolaryngolgists, physiologists, immunologists, engineers, industrial hygienists, architects, and designers. The 30 papers presented in 3-1/2 days stimulated many discussions. The organizers decided to publish the papers because concepts crystallized sufficiently to give a coherent story that explained much about mold! mycotoxin disorders. Most clear is the need to design houses and other buildings to breathe and ventilate out moisture and high humidity so as to take away the water needed for the growth of mold. Remediation of moldy buildings depends on those same principles. Building boomed with the end of World War II to furnish 2 decades of pent-up demand from the Great Depression and the war. Let us review this scenario. To meet the demand, home building went to tracts, particularly in the sun states. Fast meant cheap and tight. As homes metamorphosed after 1950 to reduce ventilation","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"388 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72921399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.58.6.306-316
C. Krone
More than 32 million people in the United States suffer from chronic lung diseases; 12 million experienced at least one asthma attack in 2002. The causes of this "epidemic"are complex and uncertain; however, there is a strong possibility that environmental exposures play a role. The most common and well-studied cause of occupational asthma is diisocyanates, but their use in consumer products as a potential cause of respiratory disease in the general population has been overlooked. These substances are found in or are used to produce an array of polyurethane-containing products, including adhesives, sealants, paints, flexible foams, and rigid foams, among others. The world market for polyurethane products has tripled since 1985 to more than 9.3 billion kg in the year 2000. In this article, the author reviews biologically plausible explanations, as well as the epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical evidence for the role of diisocyanates and polyurethanes in the genesis of nonoccupational allergy and respiratory disease
{"title":"Diisocyanates and Nonoccupational Disease: A Review","authors":"C. Krone","doi":"10.3200/AEOH.58.6.306-316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.58.6.306-316","url":null,"abstract":"More than 32 million people in the United States suffer from chronic lung diseases; 12 million experienced at least one asthma attack in 2002. The causes of this \"epidemic\"are complex and uncertain; however, there is a strong possibility that environmental exposures play a role. The most common and well-studied cause of occupational asthma is diisocyanates, but their use in consumer products as a potential cause of respiratory disease in the general population has been overlooked. These substances are found in or are used to produce an array of polyurethane-containing products, including adhesives, sealants, paints, flexible foams, and rigid foams, among others. The world market for polyurethane products has tripled since 1985 to more than 9.3 billion kg in the year 2000. In this article, the author reviews biologically plausible explanations, as well as the epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical evidence for the role of diisocyanates and polyurethanes in the genesis of nonoccupational allergy and respiratory disease","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"306 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89380063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209602095
Afonne OJ, Orisakwe OE, Obi E, Dioka CE, Ndubuka GI. Nephrotoxic Actions of Low-Dose Mercury in Mice: Protection by Zinc. 57(2):98-102. Air Pollution and Hospital Emergency Room Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Valencia, Spain. Tenias JM, Ballester F, PCrez-Hoyos S, Rivera ML. 57(1):41-47. Allergic Susceptibility Associated with Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure: Clear as Mud. Polosa R, Salvi s, Di Maria GU. 57(3):18&93. Archive-a New Beginning Every Month, The (Editorial). Kilburn KH, Kirkpatrick DJ. 57(4):269. Assessment of Health Effects in New York City Firefighters after Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs): The Staten Island Transformer Fire Health Surveillance Project. Kelly KJ, Connelly E, Reinhold GA, Byrne M, Prezant DJ. 57(4):282-93. Assessment of Physical Education Time and After-School Outdoor Time in Elementary and Middle School Students in South Mexico City: The Dilemma between Physical Fitness and the Adverse Health Effects of Outdoor Pollutant Exposure. Villarreal-Calderon A, Acuiia H, Villarreal-Calderon J, Garduiio M, HenriquezRolddn CF, Calderon-Carciduetias L, Valencia-Salazar 'C. 57(5):450-60. Association between Petrochemical Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Taiwan. Yang C-Y, Cheng B-H, Hsu T-Y, Chuang H-Y, Wu T-N, Chen P-C. 57(5):461-65. Associations of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4.4 and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) 4.4 Blood Levels with Plasma IL-4. Daniel V, Huber W, Bauer K, Suesal C, Conradt C, Opelz G. 57(6):541-47.
Afonne OJ, Orisakwe OE, Obi E, Dioka CE, Ndubuka GI。低剂量汞对小鼠肾毒性的影响:锌的保护作用[j] . 57(2):98-102。西班牙瓦伦西亚的空气污染和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的医院急诊室入院情况。张建军，张建军，张建军，等。中国机械工程学报，36(1):444 - 444。与柴油废气颗粒暴露相关的过敏易感性:清晰如泥。R, Salvi s, Di Maria GU。57(3): 18 &93。档案——每个月新的开始，社论。Kilburn KH, Kirkpatrick DJ。57(4): 269。纽约市消防员接触多氯联苯(PCBs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)后的健康影响评估:史坦顿岛变压器火灾健康监测项目。Kelly KJ, Connelly E, Reinhold GA, Byrne M, Prezant DJ。57(4): 282 - 93。南墨西哥市中小学生体育时间和课外户外时间的评估:身体健康与室外污染物暴露对健康的不良影响之间的困境刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，刘建军。台湾石化空气污染与不良妊娠结局之关系。杨春燕，程宝华，徐天宇，庄海燕，吴廷宁，陈鹏成。57(5): 461 - 65。二氯二苯三氯乙烷(DDT) 4.4和二氯二苯二氯乙烯(DDE) 4.4血液水平与血浆IL-4的关系张建军，张建军，张建军，等。基于gis的数据处理技术研究进展[j] .计算机工程学报(6):541- 547。
{"title":"Index to volume 57","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00039890209602095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602095","url":null,"abstract":"Afonne OJ, Orisakwe OE, Obi E, Dioka CE, Ndubuka GI. Nephrotoxic Actions of Low-Dose Mercury in Mice: Protection by Zinc. 57(2):98-102. Air Pollution and Hospital Emergency Room Admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Valencia, Spain. Tenias JM, Ballester F, PCrez-Hoyos S, Rivera ML. 57(1):41-47. Allergic Susceptibility Associated with Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure: Clear as Mud. Polosa R, Salvi s, Di Maria GU. 57(3):18&93. Archive-a New Beginning Every Month, The (Editorial). Kilburn KH, Kirkpatrick DJ. 57(4):269. Assessment of Health Effects in New York City Firefighters after Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs): The Staten Island Transformer Fire Health Surveillance Project. Kelly KJ, Connelly E, Reinhold GA, Byrne M, Prezant DJ. 57(4):282-93. Assessment of Physical Education Time and After-School Outdoor Time in Elementary and Middle School Students in South Mexico City: The Dilemma between Physical Fitness and the Adverse Health Effects of Outdoor Pollutant Exposure. Villarreal-Calderon A, Acuiia H, Villarreal-Calderon J, Garduiio M, HenriquezRolddn CF, Calderon-Carciduetias L, Valencia-Salazar 'C. 57(5):450-60. Association between Petrochemical Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Taiwan. Yang C-Y, Cheng B-H, Hsu T-Y, Chuang H-Y, Wu T-N, Chen P-C. 57(5):461-65. Associations of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4.4 and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) 4.4 Blood Levels with Plasma IL-4. Daniel V, Huber W, Bauer K, Suesal C, Conradt C, Opelz G. 57(6):541-47.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"603 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82141250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209601408
K. Kilburn, Douglas Kirkpatrick
{"title":"The Archives—a New Beginning Every Month","authors":"K. Kilburn, Douglas Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1080/00039890209601408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209601408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"269 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83945928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209602930
Hans Thore Smedbold, C. Ahlén, Sintef Unimed, A. Nilsen, D. Norbäck, B. Hilt
Abstract In this study, the authors sought to address the relationships between measured indoor environmental factors and nasal patency (i.e., minimum cross-sectional area) and volume and markers of nasal inflammation in nasal lavage fluid. Clinical data were obtained for 115 females who worked at 36 geriatric nursing departments. The indoor climates in the nursing departments were characterized by high room temperatures (median = 23 °C), low relative air humidities (median = 24%), and high air exchange rates indicated by low carbon dioxide levels (median = 570 ppm). Evidence of microbial amplification was observed in the ventilation unit in 3 of the departments. Decreased nasal patency was observed relative to microbial amplification in the ventilation units (minimum cross-sectional area 1 = 0.80 cm2 vs. 0.64 cm2, p = .003, minimum cross-sectional area 2 = 0.80 cm2 vs. 0.67 cm2, p = .02) and in relation to elevated indoor temperature (volume 1 = 3.46 cm3 vs. 3.22 cm3, p = .03). The authors concluded that the indoor environment may have affected the nasal mucosa of nursing personnel, thus causing nasal mucosal swelling. The results support the view that fungal contamination of air-supply ducts may be a source of microbial pollution, which can affect the nasal mucosa.
在这项研究中，作者试图解决测量的室内环境因素与鼻通畅(即最小横截面积)、鼻灌洗液体积和鼻炎症标志物之间的关系。获得了在36个老年护理部门工作的115名女性的临床资料。护理部门的室内气候以高室温(中位数= 23°C)、低相对空气湿度(中位数= 24%)和高空气交换率为特征，低二氧化碳水平(中位数= 570 ppm)。在3个科室的通风装置中观察到微生物扩增的证据。与通气装置内微生物扩增有关(最小截面积1 = 0.80 cm2 vs. 0.64 cm2, p = 0.003，最小截面积2 = 0.80 cm2 vs. 0.67 cm2, p = 0.02)，以及与室内温度升高有关(容积1 = 3.46 cm3 vs. 3.22 cm3, p = 0.03)。作者认为，室内环境可能影响了护理人员的鼻黏膜，从而导致鼻黏膜肿胀。这些结果支持了真菌污染的送风管道可能是微生物污染的来源，可以影响鼻黏膜的观点。
{"title":"Relationships between Indoor Environments and Nasal Inflammation in Nursing Personnel","authors":"Hans Thore Smedbold, C. Ahlén, Sintef Unimed, A. Nilsen, D. Norbäck, B. Hilt","doi":"10.1080/00039890209602930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602930","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the authors sought to address the relationships between measured indoor environmental factors and nasal patency (i.e., minimum cross-sectional area) and volume and markers of nasal inflammation in nasal lavage fluid. Clinical data were obtained for 115 females who worked at 36 geriatric nursing departments. The indoor climates in the nursing departments were characterized by high room temperatures (median = 23 °C), low relative air humidities (median = 24%), and high air exchange rates indicated by low carbon dioxide levels (median = 570 ppm). Evidence of microbial amplification was observed in the ventilation unit in 3 of the departments. Decreased nasal patency was observed relative to microbial amplification in the ventilation units (minimum cross-sectional area 1 = 0.80 cm2 vs. 0.64 cm2, p = .003, minimum cross-sectional area 2 = 0.80 cm2 vs. 0.67 cm2, p = .02) and in relation to elevated indoor temperature (volume 1 = 3.46 cm3 vs. 3.22 cm3, p = .03). The authors concluded that the indoor environment may have affected the nasal mucosa of nursing personnel, thus causing nasal mucosal swelling. The results support the view that fungal contamination of air-supply ducts may be a source of microbial pollution, which can affect the nasal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"329 1","pages":"155 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80447663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209602929
P. Joseph, M. Weiner
Abstract During the period between 1992 and 1997, there was an increase in levels of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area. In this study, the authors analyzed billing records from clinical practices that were extensions of the University of Pennsylvania. The authors based their selections on the International Classification of Diseases-9 diagnostic codes, which were determined from (1) previous studies of methyl tertiary butyl ether conducted by the Centers for Disease Control; (2) respiratory symptoms, including asthma and wheezing; and (3) symptoms associated anecdotally with methyl tertiary butyl ether levels in gasoline. The authors normalized all data by the total number of office visits. The incidences of headache, throat irritation, allergic rhinitis, cough, nausea, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, wheezing, otitis media, skin rash, anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, generalized allergy, and malaise were increased during the period studied. Large increases occurred during the winters of 1993–1994 and 1994–1995 (during which there were high levels of MTBE), but not in the preceding summers (during which there were low levels of MTBE). This was especially true for asthma and wheezing. During the summers of 1995, 1996, and 1997, the incidences of the aforementioned symptoms increased greatly.
{"title":"Visits to Physicians after the Oxygenation of Gasoline in Philadelphia","authors":"P. Joseph, M. Weiner","doi":"10.1080/00039890209602929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602929","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the period between 1992 and 1997, there was an increase in levels of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area. In this study, the authors analyzed billing records from clinical practices that were extensions of the University of Pennsylvania. The authors based their selections on the International Classification of Diseases-9 diagnostic codes, which were determined from (1) previous studies of methyl tertiary butyl ether conducted by the Centers for Disease Control; (2) respiratory symptoms, including asthma and wheezing; and (3) symptoms associated anecdotally with methyl tertiary butyl ether levels in gasoline. The authors normalized all data by the total number of office visits. The incidences of headache, throat irritation, allergic rhinitis, cough, nausea, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, wheezing, otitis media, skin rash, anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, generalized allergy, and malaise were increased during the period studied. Large increases occurred during the winters of 1993–1994 and 1994–1995 (during which there were high levels of MTBE), but not in the preceding summers (during which there were low levels of MTBE). This was especially true for asthma and wheezing. During the summers of 1995, 1996, and 1997, the incidences of the aforementioned symptoms increased greatly.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"137 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85563876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209602931
K. Hwang, Eun-Young Lee, Sae-Yong Hong
Abstract In this study, the authors explored acute paraquat intoxication and determined potential factors related to paraquat fatalities. During 1999, 154 patients with paraquat intoxication were admitted to the Institute of Pesticide Poisoning at the Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The authors assessed paraquat exposure by quantifying the amount of ingested paraquat and by semiquantitative assay of paraquat in urine. Outcomes of paraquat intoxication were categorized as recovery or death. Among all the patients, 139 (90.3%) were transferred from other medical facilities to the Institute of Pesticide Poisoning following a mean exposure time of 20.1 hr (standard deviation = 2.6 hr). Intentional ingestion of paraquat accounted for 73.4% (113/154 patients) of all paraquat poisonings, and it represented a significantly higher fatality rate (53.2%) than did accidental ingestion (19.1 % [p < .001]). The overall paraquat fatality was 43.8%. Multiple logistic-regression analysis revealed that the risk of fatality increased significantly with (1) the quantity of paraquat ingested and (2) a positive urinary paraquat test. The results indicated that paraquat is potentially lethal in humans, and the risk of fatality is directly related to the amount ingested and absorbed.
{"title":"Paraquat Intoxication in Korea","authors":"K. Hwang, Eun-Young Lee, Sae-Yong Hong","doi":"10.1080/00039890209602931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602931","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the authors explored acute paraquat intoxication and determined potential factors related to paraquat fatalities. During 1999, 154 patients with paraquat intoxication were admitted to the Institute of Pesticide Poisoning at the Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The authors assessed paraquat exposure by quantifying the amount of ingested paraquat and by semiquantitative assay of paraquat in urine. Outcomes of paraquat intoxication were categorized as recovery or death. Among all the patients, 139 (90.3%) were transferred from other medical facilities to the Institute of Pesticide Poisoning following a mean exposure time of 20.1 hr (standard deviation = 2.6 hr). Intentional ingestion of paraquat accounted for 73.4% (113/154 patients) of all paraquat poisonings, and it represented a significantly higher fatality rate (53.2%) than did accidental ingestion (19.1 % [p < .001]). The overall paraquat fatality was 43.8%. Multiple logistic-regression analysis revealed that the risk of fatality increased significantly with (1) the quantity of paraquat ingested and (2) a positive urinary paraquat test. The results indicated that paraquat is potentially lethal in humans, and the risk of fatality is directly related to the amount ingested and absorbed.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"162 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88681906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209602928
M. Simoni, L. Carrozzi, S. Baldacci, A. Scognamiglio, F. Pede, T. Sapigni, G. Viegi
Abstract The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e., < 2.5 μ) on acute respiratory symptoms and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15–72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk—1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer—the authors monitored each participant's house to measure nitrogen dioxide (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (μg/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic respiratory diseases, daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of acute respiratory symptoms during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to nitrogen dioxide (nitrogen dioxide-index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as “low” or “high” on the basis of the median value. The median nitrogen dioxide was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest nitrogen dioxide levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 μg/m3 in winter and 45 μg/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and “high” nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the “high” respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the nitrogen dioxide-index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma and bronchitis). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and acute respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in adults.
{"title":"The Po River Delta (North Italy) Indoor Epidemiological Study: Effects of Pollutant Exposure on Acute Respiratory Symptoms and Respiratory Function in Adults","authors":"M. Simoni, L. Carrozzi, S. Baldacci, A. Scognamiglio, F. Pede, T. Sapigni, G. Viegi","doi":"10.1080/00039890209602928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602928","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e., < 2.5 μ) on acute respiratory symptoms and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15–72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk—1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer—the authors monitored each participant's house to measure nitrogen dioxide (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (μg/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic respiratory diseases, daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of acute respiratory symptoms during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to nitrogen dioxide (nitrogen dioxide-index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as “low” or “high” on the basis of the median value. The median nitrogen dioxide was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest nitrogen dioxide levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 μg/m3 in winter and 45 μg/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and “high” nitrogen dioxide and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the “high” respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the nitrogen dioxide-index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma and bronchitis). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and acute respiratory symptoms and peak expiratory flow in adults.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"130 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81385590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890209602923
O. Afonne, O. Orisakwe, E. Obi, C. Dioka, G. I. Ndubuka
Abstract The authors conducted this study to determine if very-low-dose (i.e., 4 ppm) mercury is nephrotoxic and, if so, whether the nephrotoxic actions of mercury in mice could be prevented by zinc intake. Animals were administered 4 ppm mercuric chloride and/or 800 ppm zinc chloride in their drinking water for 12 wk. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the exposure period, and their kidneys were excised, weighed, and processed for histological study. Both metals reduced significantly (p < .05) the absolute and relative kidney weights of the animals. Zinc-treated animals showed normal kidney histology that was comparable with that of the control. Mercury treatment produced necrosis and widening of the glomeruli, whereas a combination of both metals resulted in protection from the toxic effects, with most nephrons resembling the control. The results indicate that low-dose mercury exposure in mice kidney induces some degenerative effects, which are prevented by zinc.
{"title":"Nephrotoxic Actions of Low-Dose Mercury in Mice: Protection by Zinc","authors":"O. Afonne, O. Orisakwe, E. Obi, C. Dioka, G. I. Ndubuka","doi":"10.1080/00039890209602923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890209602923","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors conducted this study to determine if very-low-dose (i.e., 4 ppm) mercury is nephrotoxic and, if so, whether the nephrotoxic actions of mercury in mice could be prevented by zinc intake. Animals were administered 4 ppm mercuric chloride and/or 800 ppm zinc chloride in their drinking water for 12 wk. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the exposure period, and their kidneys were excised, weighed, and processed for histological study. Both metals reduced significantly (p < .05) the absolute and relative kidney weights of the animals. Zinc-treated animals showed normal kidney histology that was comparable with that of the control. Mercury treatment produced necrosis and widening of the glomeruli, whereas a combination of both metals resulted in protection from the toxic effects, with most nephrons resembling the control. The results indicate that low-dose mercury exposure in mice kidney induces some degenerative effects, which are prevented by zinc.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"102 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84369214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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