Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604063
M. Legator, C. Singleton, D. L. Morris, Don Philips
Abstract The acute toxic effects of hydrogen sulfide have been known for decades. However, studies investigating the adverse health effects from chronic, low-level exposure to this chemical are limited. In this study, the authors compared symptoms of adverse health effects, reported by residents of two communities exposed mainly to chronic, low-levels of industrial sources of hydrogen sulfide, to health effects reported by residents in three reference communities in which there were no known industrial sources of hydrogen sulfide. Trained interviewers used a specially created, menu-driven computer questionnaire to conduct a multi-symptom health survey. The data-collection process and questions were essentially the same in the reference and exposed communities. The two exposed communities responded very similarly to questions about the major categories. When the authors compared responses of the exposed communities with those of the reference communities, 9 of the 12 symptom categories had iterated odds ratios greater than 3.0. The symptoms related to the central nervous system had the highest iterated odds ratio (i.e., 12.7; 95% confidence interval = 7.59, 22.09), followed by the respiratory category (odds ratio = 11.92; 95% confidence interval = 6.03, 25.72), and the blood category (odds ratio = 8.07; 95% confidence interval = 3.64, 21.18). Within the broader health categories, individual symptoms were also elevated significantly. This study, like all community-based studies, had several inherent limitations. Limitations, and the procedures the authors used to minimize their effects on the study outcomes, are discussed. The results of this study emphasize the need for further studies on the adverse health effects related to long-term, chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide.
{"title":"Health Effects from Chronic Low-Level Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide","authors":"M. Legator, C. Singleton, D. L. Morris, Don Philips","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The acute toxic effects of hydrogen sulfide have been known for decades. However, studies investigating the adverse health effects from chronic, low-level exposure to this chemical are limited. In this study, the authors compared symptoms of adverse health effects, reported by residents of two communities exposed mainly to chronic, low-levels of industrial sources of hydrogen sulfide, to health effects reported by residents in three reference communities in which there were no known industrial sources of hydrogen sulfide. Trained interviewers used a specially created, menu-driven computer questionnaire to conduct a multi-symptom health survey. The data-collection process and questions were essentially the same in the reference and exposed communities. The two exposed communities responded very similarly to questions about the major categories. When the authors compared responses of the exposed communities with those of the reference communities, 9 of the 12 symptom categories had iterated odds ratios greater than 3.0. The symptoms related to the central nervous system had the highest iterated odds ratio (i.e., 12.7; 95% confidence interval = 7.59, 22.09), followed by the respiratory category (odds ratio = 11.92; 95% confidence interval = 6.03, 25.72), and the blood category (odds ratio = 8.07; 95% confidence interval = 3.64, 21.18). Within the broader health categories, individual symptoms were also elevated significantly. This study, like all community-based studies, had several inherent limitations. Limitations, and the procedures the authors used to minimize their effects on the study outcomes, are discussed. The results of this study emphasize the need for further studies on the adverse health effects related to long-term, chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"299 1","pages":"123 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76340924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604071
C. van Netten, V. Leung
Abstract Incidents of smoke in aircraft cabins often result from jet engine oil and/or hydraulic fluid that leaks into ventilation air, which can be subjected to temperatures that exceed 500 °C. Exposed flight-crew members have reported symptoms, including dizziness, nausea, disorientation, blurred vision, and tingling in the legs and arms. In this study, the authors investigated pyrolysis products of one jet engine oil and two hydraulic fluids at 525 °C. Engine oil was an important source of carbon monoxide. Volatile agents and organophosphate constituents were released from all the agents tested; however, the neurotoxin trimethyl propane phosphate was not found. The authors hypothesized that localized condensation of pyrolysis products in ventilation ducts, followed by mobilization when cabin heat demand was high, accounted for mid-flight incidents. The authors recommended that carbon monoxide data be logged continuously to capture levels during future incidents.
{"title":"Hydraulic Fluids and Jet Engine Oil: Pyrolysis and Aircraft Air Quality","authors":"C. van Netten, V. Leung","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Incidents of smoke in aircraft cabins often result from jet engine oil and/or hydraulic fluid that leaks into ventilation air, which can be subjected to temperatures that exceed 500 °C. Exposed flight-crew members have reported symptoms, including dizziness, nausea, disorientation, blurred vision, and tingling in the legs and arms. In this study, the authors investigated pyrolysis products of one jet engine oil and two hydraulic fluids at 525 °C. Engine oil was an important source of carbon monoxide. Volatile agents and organophosphate constituents were released from all the agents tested; however, the neurotoxin trimethyl propane phosphate was not found. The authors hypothesized that localized condensation of pyrolysis products in ventilation ducts, followed by mobilization when cabin heat demand was high, accounted for mid-flight incidents. The authors recommended that carbon monoxide data be logged continuously to capture levels during future incidents.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"181 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91361023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604066
H. Su, Pei-Chih Wu, Chia-Ying Lin
Abstract The authors investigated airborne fungal exposure of Taiwanese children at homes and schools—locations where they spent the majority of their time. Pairs of asthmatic and healthy children, matched by age, gender, classes (schools), and residence, participated in the study. Airborne fungal concentrations at homes and schools, and time-activity data of the study subjects were collected. In winter, the indoor geometric mean concentration was 9,672.1 colony-forming units per cubic meter and 4,380.9 colony-forming units per cubic meter in summer. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio was similar in all homes for both seasons. Fungal concentrations in southern Taiwan were high during both winter and summer. Personal fungal exposure was not statistically different between asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, after adjustment of time-activity patterns. Higher symptom scores were shown for children in homes with higher fungal exposures.
{"title":"Fungal Exposure of Children at Homes and Schools: A Health Perspective","authors":"H. Su, Pei-Chih Wu, Chia-Ying Lin","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors investigated airborne fungal exposure of Taiwanese children at homes and schools—locations where they spent the majority of their time. Pairs of asthmatic and healthy children, matched by age, gender, classes (schools), and residence, participated in the study. Airborne fungal concentrations at homes and schools, and time-activity data of the study subjects were collected. In winter, the indoor geometric mean concentration was 9,672.1 colony-forming units per cubic meter and 4,380.9 colony-forming units per cubic meter in summer. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio was similar in all homes for both seasons. Fungal concentrations in southern Taiwan were high during both winter and summer. Personal fungal exposure was not statistically different between asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, after adjustment of time-activity patterns. Higher symptom scores were shown for children in homes with higher fungal exposures.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"144 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86695382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604069
P. Steerenberg, Stefan Nierkens, P. Fischer, H. van Loveren, A. Opperhuizen, J. Vos, J. V. van Amsterdam
Abstract The authors used a longitudinal observational design, with repeated measures, to study the association between traffic-related air pollutants (i.e., nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Black Smoke) and respiratory symptoms. Subjects (N = 82) attended an elementary school in either Utrecht (i.e., urban children) or Bilthoven (i.e., suburban children). These two geographic areas differed with respect to levels of Black Smoke (means = 53 μg/m3 and 18 μg/m3, respectively). Levels of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Black Smoke were consistently higher in Utrecht than in Bilthoven (mean daily ratios were 8,1.5, 1.8, and 2.7, respectively). The authors compared mean levels of short-term effects of the aforementioned air pollutants on suburban and urban children. Urban children had higher mean levels (p = .05) of interleukin-8 (32%), urea (39%), uric acid (26%), albumin (15%), and nitric oxide metabolites (21 %) in nasal lavage than did suburban children. Peak expiratory flow, exhaled nitric oxide levels, and nasal markers were associated with levels of particulate matter with diameters less than or equal to 10 urn, Black Smoke, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide. With respect to per-unit increases in air pollution, urban children had more increased peak expiratory flow, higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide, and more increased release of uric acid, urea, and nitric oxide metabolites than suburban children. In summary, urban children had increased levels of inflammatory nasal markers, and their responses were more pronounced than were the suburban children's responses to the same increments of air pollution.
{"title":"Traffic-Related Air Pollution Affects Peak Expiratory Flow, Exhaled Nitric Oxide, and Inflammatory Nasal Markers","authors":"P. Steerenberg, Stefan Nierkens, P. Fischer, H. van Loveren, A. Opperhuizen, J. Vos, J. V. van Amsterdam","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors used a longitudinal observational design, with repeated measures, to study the association between traffic-related air pollutants (i.e., nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Black Smoke) and respiratory symptoms. Subjects (N = 82) attended an elementary school in either Utrecht (i.e., urban children) or Bilthoven (i.e., suburban children). These two geographic areas differed with respect to levels of Black Smoke (means = 53 μg/m3 and 18 μg/m3, respectively). Levels of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and Black Smoke were consistently higher in Utrecht than in Bilthoven (mean daily ratios were 8,1.5, 1.8, and 2.7, respectively). The authors compared mean levels of short-term effects of the aforementioned air pollutants on suburban and urban children. Urban children had higher mean levels (p = .05) of interleukin-8 (32%), urea (39%), uric acid (26%), albumin (15%), and nitric oxide metabolites (21 %) in nasal lavage than did suburban children. Peak expiratory flow, exhaled nitric oxide levels, and nasal markers were associated with levels of particulate matter with diameters less than or equal to 10 urn, Black Smoke, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide. With respect to per-unit increases in air pollution, urban children had more increased peak expiratory flow, higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide, and more increased release of uric acid, urea, and nitric oxide metabolites than suburban children. In summary, urban children had increased levels of inflammatory nasal markers, and their responses were more pronounced than were the suburban children's responses to the same increments of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"167 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75381660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604062
W. Al-Delaimy, W. Al-Delaimy, J. Crane, Alistair Woodward
Abstract Hair nicotine levels were studied among children, relative to their caregivers' reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. A total of 117 children, aged 3 months to 10 years, were recruited consecutively from hospital inpatients, and their respective parents or caregivers were interviewed. Degree of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was assessed via questionnaire. Scalp hair samples were collected from children and were assayed for nicotine. Levels of nicotine in hair among children reportedly exposed to smokers were higher than levels among unexposed children (χ2 = 26.46, p < .0001). In addition, hair nicotine levels were higher among children with mothers who smoked, compared with those whose mothers did not smoke. Whether household members smoked outside or inside the house had no significant effect on hair nicotine levels of children. Hair nicotine levels differed between children who were reportedly unexposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home and those who were exposed. Smoking outside the home, as reported by parents, did not cause a reduction in nicotine levels in the hair of children.
摘要:研究了儿童头发中的尼古丁水平，以及他们的照顾者所报告的接触环境烟草烟雾的情况。从医院住院患者中连续招募3个月至10岁的117名儿童，并对其父母或照顾者进行访谈。通过问卷调查评估环境烟草烟雾暴露程度。研究人员收集了儿童的头皮头发样本，并对其进行了尼古丁检测。据报道，接触吸烟者的儿童头发中的尼古丁含量高于未接触吸烟者的儿童(χ2 = 26.46, p < 0.0001)。此外，与母亲不吸烟的孩子相比，母亲吸烟的孩子头发中的尼古丁含量更高。无论家庭成员是在室外还是室内吸烟，对儿童头发中的尼古丁水平没有显著影响。据报道，在家中未接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童和接触环境烟草烟雾的儿童之间，头发中的尼古丁水平有所不同。据家长报告，在室外吸烟并不会降低儿童头发中的尼古丁含量。
{"title":"Passive Smoking in Children: Effect of Avoidance Strategies at Home as Measured by Hair Nicotine Levels","authors":"W. Al-Delaimy, W. Al-Delaimy, J. Crane, Alistair Woodward","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hair nicotine levels were studied among children, relative to their caregivers' reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. A total of 117 children, aged 3 months to 10 years, were recruited consecutively from hospital inpatients, and their respective parents or caregivers were interviewed. Degree of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was assessed via questionnaire. Scalp hair samples were collected from children and were assayed for nicotine. Levels of nicotine in hair among children reportedly exposed to smokers were higher than levels among unexposed children (χ2 = 26.46, p < .0001). In addition, hair nicotine levels were higher among children with mothers who smoked, compared with those whose mothers did not smoke. Whether household members smoked outside or inside the house had no significant effect on hair nicotine levels of children. Hair nicotine levels differed between children who were reportedly unexposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home and those who were exposed. Smoking outside the home, as reported by parents, did not cause a reduction in nicotine levels in the hair of children.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":"117 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80448922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604068
Jeanetta E. Churchill, D. Ashley, W. Kaye
Abstract Little is known about factors that influence blood levels of volatile organic compounds in nonoccupationally exposed populations. The authors examined the possible relationship between recent self-reported chemical exposures and elevated blood volatile organic compound levels among 982 adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A strong dose-response effect was indicated (p < .001) for increasing lifetime pack-years of cigarettes smoked for elevated levels of toluene, styrene, and benzene. A positive dose-response effect was indicated for daily alcohol consumption with respect to elevated blood levels of 2-butanone and acetone. For volatile organic compounds typically found in 10-75% of the population, the establishment of a link with specific environmental exposures is relatively easy because there is less effect of confounding in this group. Some volatile organic compounds, however, are seen in less than 10% of the general population; finding these compounds at any level may warrant a search for a particular exposure.
{"title":"Recent Chemical Exposures and Blood Volatile Organic Compound Levels in a Large Population-Based Sample","authors":"Jeanetta E. Churchill, D. Ashley, W. Kaye","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Little is known about factors that influence blood levels of volatile organic compounds in nonoccupationally exposed populations. The authors examined the possible relationship between recent self-reported chemical exposures and elevated blood volatile organic compound levels among 982 adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A strong dose-response effect was indicated (p < .001) for increasing lifetime pack-years of cigarettes smoked for elevated levels of toluene, styrene, and benzene. A positive dose-response effect was indicated for daily alcohol consumption with respect to elevated blood levels of 2-butanone and acetone. For volatile organic compounds typically found in 10-75% of the population, the establishment of a link with specific environmental exposures is relatively easy because there is less effect of confounding in this group. Some volatile organic compounds, however, are seen in less than 10% of the general population; finding these compounds at any level may warrant a search for a particular exposure.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"157 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88928356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604060
Dona Schneider, N. Freeman
Abstract More than 100 academic and private-sector researchers, government officials, politicians, and public health practitioners met to discuss issues regarding children's environmental health. Of special concern were the lack of toxicological data on many chemicals, the paucity of studies of children's exposure to these chemicals, and our limited understanding of pediatric toxicology. The increased incidence of childhood cancers and asthma were also of concern, as was our lack of understanding of how exposures to multiple environmental chemicals in low doses may influence child growth and development, disrupt endocrine function, and stimulate development of chronic diseases. An agenda for basic research, education and outreach, and policy and program development was created, with a goal of moving children's environmental health issues forward in a logical and thoughtful manner.
{"title":"Children's Environmental Health Risks: A State-of-the-Art Conference","authors":"Dona Schneider, N. Freeman","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract More than 100 academic and private-sector researchers, government officials, politicians, and public health practitioners met to discuss issues regarding children's environmental health. Of special concern were the lack of toxicological data on many chemicals, the paucity of studies of children's exposure to these chemicals, and our limited understanding of pediatric toxicology. The increased incidence of childhood cancers and asthma were also of concern, as was our lack of understanding of how exposures to multiple environmental chemicals in low doses may influence child growth and development, disrupt endocrine function, and stimulate development of chronic diseases. An agenda for basic research, education and outreach, and policy and program development was created, with a goal of moving children's environmental health issues forward in a logical and thoughtful manner.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"103 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89400577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604051
A. Furman, M. Laleli
Abstract Current mean lead concentrations in umbilical cords and in maternal blood in Istanbul were 1.69 ± 0.91 (standard deviation) μg/dl and 2.37 ± 0.89 μg/dl, respectively. These levels were much lower than values reported in previous years. Umbilical cord blood lead levels, which correlated significantly with mothers' blood lead levels, were approximately 70% of the latter. The drastic decrease in blood lead levels likely reflects the reduction in use of tetraalkyl lead in gasoline subsequent to 1989.
{"title":"Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels: An Istanbul Study","authors":"A. Furman, M. Laleli","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current mean lead concentrations in umbilical cords and in maternal blood in Istanbul were 1.69 ± 0.91 (standard deviation) μg/dl and 2.37 ± 0.89 μg/dl, respectively. These levels were much lower than values reported in previous years. Umbilical cord blood lead levels, which correlated significantly with mothers' blood lead levels, were approximately 70% of the latter. The drastic decrease in blood lead levels likely reflects the reduction in use of tetraalkyl lead in gasoline subsequent to 1989.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"26 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84470638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604048
A. Stern, M. Gochfeld, C. Weisel, J. Burger
Abstract Methylmercury is a known fetal developmental neurotoxicant. The only significant source of fetal exposure is maternal fish consumption; however, few recent data on exposure of the pregnant population are available. The authors undertook a study of methylmercury exposure in the New Jersey pregnant population to investigate the distribution of exposure and to identify predictors of elevated exposure. Mainly first-trimester pregnant women were recruited through six New Jersey obstetric practices. Hair and blood samples were analyzed for total mercury, and a subset was analyzed for methylmercury. A questionnaire on demographics, life style, and fish-consumption practices was also administered. Although 85-90% of the pregnant population had hair mercury levels that were less than 1.0 μg/gm, 1-2% had levels in a range of possible concern for adverse developmental effects (> 4.0 μg/gm). Regression analysis suggested that blacks and individuals with some college education experienced lower exposures to methylmercury.
{"title":"Mercury and Methylmercury Exposure in the New Jersey Pregnant Population","authors":"A. Stern, M. Gochfeld, C. Weisel, J. Burger","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Methylmercury is a known fetal developmental neurotoxicant. The only significant source of fetal exposure is maternal fish consumption; however, few recent data on exposure of the pregnant population are available. The authors undertook a study of methylmercury exposure in the New Jersey pregnant population to investigate the distribution of exposure and to identify predictors of elevated exposure. Mainly first-trimester pregnant women were recruited through six New Jersey obstetric practices. Hair and blood samples were analyzed for total mercury, and a subset was analyzed for methylmercury. A questionnaire on demographics, life style, and fish-consumption practices was also administered. Although 85-90% of the pregnant population had hair mercury levels that were less than 1.0 μg/gm, 1-2% had levels in a range of possible concern for adverse developmental effects (> 4.0 μg/gm). Regression analysis suggested that blacks and individuals with some college education experienced lower exposures to methylmercury.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":"10 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86280173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604054
P. Yargiçoğlu,, Saadet Gümüslüoriob, A. Agar, D. Korgun, V. Küčükatay
Abstract The effect of sulfur dioxide on red blood cell antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation was investigated in young (3 mo), middle-age (12 mo), and old (24 mo) male albino rats. Ten ppm of sulfur dioxide was administered to the rats in the sulfur dioxide groups in an exposure chamber. Exposure occurred 1 hr/d, 7 d/wk, for 6 wk; control rats were exposed to filtered air during the same time periods. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly decreased in the middle-aged and older groups, compared with the young group. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in all experimental groups, compared with controls. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly increased enzyme and glutathione activities.
{"title":"Effect of Sulfur Dioxide Inhalation on Erythrocyte Antioxidant Status, Food Intake, and Lipid Peroxidation During Aging","authors":"P. Yargiçoğlu,, Saadet Gümüslüoriob, A. Agar, D. Korgun, V. Küčükatay","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604054","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of sulfur dioxide on red blood cell antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation was investigated in young (3 mo), middle-age (12 mo), and old (24 mo) male albino rats. Ten ppm of sulfur dioxide was administered to the rats in the sulfur dioxide groups in an exposure chamber. Exposure occurred 1 hr/d, 7 d/wk, for 6 wk; control rats were exposed to filtered air during the same time periods. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase activities were significantly decreased in the middle-aged and older groups, compared with the young group. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in all experimental groups, compared with controls. Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly increased enzyme and glutathione activities.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"53 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73573050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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