Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604483
B. Zachara, H. Pawluk, E. Bloch-boguslawska, K. Śliwka, J. Korenkiewicz, Ź. Skok, Kazimierz Ryć
Abstract The authors obtained tissue samples taken at autopsy from 46 healthy individuals killed in accidents and from 75 corpses of victims of various diseases to analyze selenium levels. The per-weight-unit basis of selenium levels (all expressed as ng/gm wet tissue) in tissues decreased in the following order: kidney (469) > liver > spleen > pancreas > heart > brain > lung > bone > skeletal muscle (51). The highest proportion of body selenium was found in skeletal muscles (27.5%); much less selenium was found in bones (16%) and blood (10%). In the tissues of cancer corpses, the selenium levels were much lower than levels in controls. The lowest selenium levels were found in the livers of alcoholics. Tissue selenium levels found in the study were significantly lower than levels reported in Japan, United States, Canada and other countries. The low selenium levels in the tissues of Polish residents result from inadequate selenium levels in the soil. The authors used selenium levels in tissues to calculate the amount of selenium in humans in Poland (i.e., approximately 5.2 mg). This level was similar to levels found in New Zealand (i.e., 3.0–6.1 mg), but it was lower than the mean level found in Germany (i.e., 6.6 mg) and in the United States (i.e., 13.0–20.3 mg).
{"title":"Tissue Level, Distribution and Total Body Selenium Content in Healthy and Diseased Humans in Poland","authors":"B. Zachara, H. Pawluk, E. Bloch-boguslawska, K. Śliwka, J. Korenkiewicz, Ź. Skok, Kazimierz Ryć","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604483","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors obtained tissue samples taken at autopsy from 46 healthy individuals killed in accidents and from 75 corpses of victims of various diseases to analyze selenium levels. The per-weight-unit basis of selenium levels (all expressed as ng/gm wet tissue) in tissues decreased in the following order: kidney (469) > liver > spleen > pancreas > heart > brain > lung > bone > skeletal muscle (51). The highest proportion of body selenium was found in skeletal muscles (27.5%); much less selenium was found in bones (16%) and blood (10%). In the tissues of cancer corpses, the selenium levels were much lower than levels in controls. The lowest selenium levels were found in the livers of alcoholics. Tissue selenium levels found in the study were significantly lower than levels reported in Japan, United States, Canada and other countries. The low selenium levels in the tissues of Polish residents result from inadequate selenium levels in the soil. The authors used selenium levels in tissues to calculate the amount of selenium in humans in Poland (i.e., approximately 5.2 mg). This level was similar to levels found in New Zealand (i.e., 3.0–6.1 mg), but it was lower than the mean level found in Germany (i.e., 6.6 mg) and in the United States (i.e., 13.0–20.3 mg).","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"461 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604477
L. Jensen, Annelise Larsen, L. Mølhave, M. K. Hansen, Bodil Knudsen
Abstract In this study, the authors describe a method for evaluation of material emissions. The study was based on chemical analysis of emissions from 23 materials representing solid wood and wood-based materials commonly used in furniture, interior furnishings and building products in Denmark in the 1990s. The authors used the emission chamber testing method to examine the selected materials with a qualitative screening and quantitative determination of volatile organic compounds. The authors evaluated the toxicological effects of all substances identified with chamber testing. Lowest concentration of interest and standard room concentrations were assessed and the authors calculated an S-value for each wood and wood-based material. The authors identified 144 different chemical substances with the screening analyses and a total of 84 individual substances were quantified with chamber measurements. The irritative effects dominated at low exposure levels; therefore, the lowest concentration of interest and the S-value were based predominantly on these effects. The S-values were very low for solid ash, oak and beech. For solid spruce and pine, the determining substances for size of the S-value were Δ3-carene, α-pinene and limonene. For the surface-treated wood materials, the S-value reflected the emitted substances from the surface treatment.
{"title":"Health Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions from Wood and Wood-Based Materials","authors":"L. Jensen, Annelise Larsen, L. Mølhave, M. K. Hansen, Bodil Knudsen","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604477","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the authors describe a method for evaluation of material emissions. The study was based on chemical analysis of emissions from 23 materials representing solid wood and wood-based materials commonly used in furniture, interior furnishings and building products in Denmark in the 1990s. The authors used the emission chamber testing method to examine the selected materials with a qualitative screening and quantitative determination of volatile organic compounds. The authors evaluated the toxicological effects of all substances identified with chamber testing. Lowest concentration of interest and standard room concentrations were assessed and the authors calculated an S-value for each wood and wood-based material. The authors identified 144 different chemical substances with the screening analyses and a total of 84 individual substances were quantified with chamber measurements. The irritative effects dominated at low exposure levels; therefore, the lowest concentration of interest and the S-value were based predominantly on these effects. The S-values were very low for solid ash, oak and beech. For solid spruce and pine, the determining substances for size of the S-value were Δ3-carene, α-pinene and limonene. For the surface-treated wood materials, the S-value reflected the emitted substances from the surface treatment.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"419 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87936587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604484
K. Karita, E. Yano, W. Jinsart, Doungrutai Boudoung, K. Tamura
Abstract The authors undertook a cross-sectional study of the potential adverse health effects of air pollution in Bangkok, Thailand. During 1998 and 1999, the authors administered lung function spirometry tests and a Thai version of the American Thoracic Society's Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD) respiratory questionnaire to 78 male traffic police and 60 male nontraffic police in Bangkok, as well as to 68 male general police in Ayutthaya province, a rural area in Thailand. No consistent trend of decreased pulmonary function was observed in traffic police. The authors controlled for age, height and smoking index, after which mean levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and maximal expiratory flow rate in 25% of vital capacity ([Vdot]25) were significantly lower in Bangkok police than in Ayutthaya police. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Bangkok police was slightly higher than among Ayutthaya police. Multiple regression analysis identified age and workplace as statistically significant factors that contributed to the values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and [Vdot]25. This study provided some evidence of an increase in prevalence of obstructive changes in the peripheral airways among traffic police in Bangkok.
{"title":"Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function among Traffic Police in Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"K. Karita, E. Yano, W. Jinsart, Doungrutai Boudoung, K. Tamura","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604484","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors undertook a cross-sectional study of the potential adverse health effects of air pollution in Bangkok, Thailand. During 1998 and 1999, the authors administered lung function spirometry tests and a Thai version of the American Thoracic Society's Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD) respiratory questionnaire to 78 male traffic police and 60 male nontraffic police in Bangkok, as well as to 68 male general police in Ayutthaya province, a rural area in Thailand. No consistent trend of decreased pulmonary function was observed in traffic police. The authors controlled for age, height and smoking index, after which mean levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and maximal expiratory flow rate in 25% of vital capacity ([Vdot]25) were significantly lower in Bangkok police than in Ayutthaya police. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among Bangkok police was slightly higher than among Ayutthaya police. Multiple regression analysis identified age and workplace as statistically significant factors that contributed to the values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and [Vdot]25. This study provided some evidence of an increase in prevalence of obstructive changes in the peripheral airways among traffic police in Bangkok.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"467 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90993680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604480
T. Tanigawa, S. Araki, A. Nakata, K. Yokoyama, T. Sakai, S. Sakurai
Abstract The authors examined the effects of organic solvents on lymphocyte subpopulations in blood. Natural killer and T-lymphocyte subpopulations and B (CD19+) -lymphocytes were measured with flow cytometry in 16 male rotogravure printers on a Friday and on the following Monday. Numbers of all 3 subpopulations of natural killer cells (i.e., CD57+ CD16+, CD57-CD16+ and CD57+CD16- cells), 2 subpopulations of T lymphocytes (CD4+ CD45RA+ and total CD8+ cells) and total lymphocytes on Friday were significantly fewer than those found on the following Monday. Conversely, the number of B lymphocytes on Friday was significantly larger than the number on Monday. The number of B lymphocytes was significantly correlated with blood toluene levels on Friday. The alteration in the number of CD57+CD16+ NK cells from Friday to the following Monday was correlated inversely with the corresponding change in exposure level of toluene on Friday. The authors suggest that the effects of mixed organic solvents (primarily toluene) are recoverable decreases of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes and increases in B lymphocytes.
{"title":"Decreases of Natural Killer Cells and T-Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Increases of B Lymphocytes Following a 5-Day Occupational Exposure to Mixed Organic Solvents","authors":"T. Tanigawa, S. Araki, A. Nakata, K. Yokoyama, T. Sakai, S. Sakurai","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors examined the effects of organic solvents on lymphocyte subpopulations in blood. Natural killer and T-lymphocyte subpopulations and B (CD19+) -lymphocytes were measured with flow cytometry in 16 male rotogravure printers on a Friday and on the following Monday. Numbers of all 3 subpopulations of natural killer cells (i.e., CD57+ CD16+, CD57-CD16+ and CD57+CD16- cells), 2 subpopulations of T lymphocytes (CD4+ CD45RA+ and total CD8+ cells) and total lymphocytes on Friday were significantly fewer than those found on the following Monday. Conversely, the number of B lymphocytes on Friday was significantly larger than the number on Monday. The number of B lymphocytes was significantly correlated with blood toluene levels on Friday. The alteration in the number of CD57+CD16+ NK cells from Friday to the following Monday was correlated inversely with the corresponding change in exposure level of toluene on Friday. The authors suggest that the effects of mixed organic solvents (primarily toluene) are recoverable decreases of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes and increases in B lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"443 - 448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85473334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604463
E. Kordysh, I. Emerit, J. Goldsmith, L. Merkin, M. Quastel, A. Bolotin, M. Friger
Abstract The authors evaluated the possible association between dietary history and plasma clastogenic factors in children who immigrated to Israel between 1989 and 1993 from regions contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. The authors compared questionnaire data about demographic variables, dietary histories before and after immigration occurred, and health status with clastogenic factor scores for 162 immigrants. Logistic regression analysis revealed a negative association between clastogenic factor scores and frequency of consumption of fresh vegetables and fruit among children ≤ 7 yr of age during the postimmigration period. Intake of eggs and fish by boys who were ≤ 7 yr of age prior to immigration was associated positively with clastogenic factor scores. Consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits afforded protection to the immune systems of children who were ≤ 7 yr of age.
{"title":"Dietary and Clastogenic Factors in Children Who Immigrated to Israel from Regions Contaminated by the Chernobyl Accident","authors":"E. Kordysh, I. Emerit, J. Goldsmith, L. Merkin, M. Quastel, A. Bolotin, M. Friger","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604463","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors evaluated the possible association between dietary history and plasma clastogenic factors in children who immigrated to Israel between 1989 and 1993 from regions contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. The authors compared questionnaire data about demographic variables, dietary histories before and after immigration occurred, and health status with clastogenic factor scores for 162 immigrants. Logistic regression analysis revealed a negative association between clastogenic factor scores and frequency of consumption of fresh vegetables and fruit among children ≤ 7 yr of age during the postimmigration period. Intake of eggs and fish by boys who were ≤ 7 yr of age prior to immigration was associated positively with clastogenic factor scores. Consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits afforded protection to the immune systems of children who were ≤ 7 yr of age.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"320 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87077260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604459
{"title":"Call for Papers/Directions for A.E.H. Contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"298 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85318306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604465
Stéphanie Cauvin, Y. Moullec, F. Brémont, I. Momas, F. Balducci, Florence Ciognard, Marie-Pierre Poilve, D. Zmirou, Vesta Investigators
Abstract In epidemiological studies, investigators have routinely used ambient air concentrations, measured by air-quality monitoring networks, to assess exposure of subjects. When there is great spatial variability of ambient air concentrations or when there are specific indoor exposures, this approach may yield substantial exposure misclassification and distort the associations between exposure and the health endpoints of interest. In 3 French metropolitan areas, the cross-sectional relationships between 48 hr of nitrogen dioxide personal exposure of 73 children and the corresponding 48-hr background ambient air concentrations were analyzed. The crude correlation between ambient air concentrations and personal exposures was poor in all cities (r 2 = .009 for Grenoble, r 2 = .04 for Toulouse, and r 2 = .02 for Paris). These correlations were improved when the authors took into account other ambient air or indoor air sources of nitrogen dioxide emissions (the corresponding multiple linear regression, r 2, increased to .43 in Grenoble, .50 in Toulouse, and .37 in Paris). The main variables that explained personal exposures were an index of traffic intensity and proximity and use of a gas cooker at home. The results of this study confirm that ambient air-monitoring site measurements are poor predictors of personal exposure. Investigators should carefully characterize the proximity of roads occupied by dense traffic to the home/school as well as indoor sources of nitric oxide emissions; both of these careful characterizations will assist researchers in the prediction of personal exposure in epidemiological studies.
{"title":"Relationships between Nitrogen Dioxide Personal Exposure and Ambient Air Monitoring Measurements among Children in Three French Metropolitan Areas: VESTA Study","authors":"Stéphanie Cauvin, Y. Moullec, F. Brémont, I. Momas, F. Balducci, Florence Ciognard, Marie-Pierre Poilve, D. Zmirou, Vesta Investigators","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604465","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In epidemiological studies, investigators have routinely used ambient air concentrations, measured by air-quality monitoring networks, to assess exposure of subjects. When there is great spatial variability of ambient air concentrations or when there are specific indoor exposures, this approach may yield substantial exposure misclassification and distort the associations between exposure and the health endpoints of interest. In 3 French metropolitan areas, the cross-sectional relationships between 48 hr of nitrogen dioxide personal exposure of 73 children and the corresponding 48-hr background ambient air concentrations were analyzed. The crude correlation between ambient air concentrations and personal exposures was poor in all cities (r 2 = .009 for Grenoble, r 2 = .04 for Toulouse, and r 2 = .02 for Paris). These correlations were improved when the authors took into account other ambient air or indoor air sources of nitrogen dioxide emissions (the corresponding multiple linear regression, r 2, increased to .43 in Grenoble, .50 in Toulouse, and .37 in Paris). The main variables that explained personal exposures were an index of traffic intensity and proximity and use of a gas cooker at home. The results of this study confirm that ambient air-monitoring site measurements are poor predictors of personal exposure. Investigators should carefully characterize the proximity of roads occupied by dense traffic to the home/school as well as indoor sources of nitric oxide emissions; both of these careful characterizations will assist researchers in the prediction of personal exposure in epidemiological studies.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"336 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78423515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604472
A. Bahrami
Abstract Transportation sources have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Tehran. The authors used a Carbotrap tube to determine volatile organic compounds in air. Such compounds can be desorbed thermally and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were obtained from 8 sites in Tehran at which traffic flow varied between 500 and 2,500 vehicles/hr. A total of 54 hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air of Tehran, and the average measured concentrations of benzene, toluene, m- and p-xylene, ethyl benzene, and o-xylene were 127.6 μg/m3, 201.1 μg/m3, 110.7 μg/m3, 58.1 μg/m3, and 57.6 μg/m3, respectively (standard deviation = 3.8–51.7 μg/m3). Emissions of individual pollutants in south Tehran exceeded those in north Tehran, and these emissions were higher during the afternoon than during the morning. The geographical parameters and the photochemical reaction also played important roles in the pollution conditions.
{"title":"Distribution of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Tehran","authors":"A. Bahrami","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604472","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Transportation sources have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Tehran. The authors used a Carbotrap tube to determine volatile organic compounds in air. Such compounds can be desorbed thermally and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were obtained from 8 sites in Tehran at which traffic flow varied between 500 and 2,500 vehicles/hr. A total of 54 hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air of Tehran, and the average measured concentrations of benzene, toluene, m- and p-xylene, ethyl benzene, and o-xylene were 127.6 μg/m3, 201.1 μg/m3, 110.7 μg/m3, 58.1 μg/m3, and 57.6 μg/m3, respectively (standard deviation = 3.8–51.7 μg/m3). Emissions of individual pollutants in south Tehran exceeded those in north Tehran, and these emissions were higher during the afternoon than during the morning. The geographical parameters and the photochemical reaction also played important roles in the pollution conditions.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"380 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78576001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604470
S. Gupta, R. Gupta, AkhilendraBhushan Gupta, Asmok K. Seth, Jagdegsh K. Bassin, Alka Gupta, M. Sharma
Abstract Given that there was documented evidence of an association between diarrhea and high nitrate ingestion, the authors examined drinking water nitrate concentration and its possible correlation(s) with methemoglobin levels, cytochrome b5 reductase activity, and recurrent diarrhea. In addition, the authors studied histopathological changes in the intestines of rabbits in an animal model. Five village areas were studied, and nitrate concentrations (expressed in mg of nitrate per liter of water) of 26,45,95,220, and 459 existed in the respective villages. The study included 88 randomly selected children who were 8 yr of age or younger; they represented 10% of the total population of each of the areas. Detailed histories of recurrent diarrhea were noted, and medical examinations were conducted. Cytochrome b5 reductase activity and methemoglobin levels were estimated biochemically. Collected data were analyzed statistically with Microsoft Excel software. In addition, the authors exposed rabbits to various levels of nitrate, and histopathological changes of the stomach and intestine (small and large) were evaluated. There was a strong relationship between nitrate concentration and recurrent diarrhea; 80% of the recurrent diarrhea cases were explained by nitrate concentration alone. In the rabbit intestines, lymphocytic infiltration and hyperplasia characterized the submucosa as nitrate concentrations increased.
{"title":"Recurrent Diarrhea in Children Living in Areas with High Levels of Nitrate in Drinking Water","authors":"S. Gupta, R. Gupta, AkhilendraBhushan Gupta, Asmok K. Seth, Jagdegsh K. Bassin, Alka Gupta, M. Sharma","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604470","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given that there was documented evidence of an association between diarrhea and high nitrate ingestion, the authors examined drinking water nitrate concentration and its possible correlation(s) with methemoglobin levels, cytochrome b5 reductase activity, and recurrent diarrhea. In addition, the authors studied histopathological changes in the intestines of rabbits in an animal model. Five village areas were studied, and nitrate concentrations (expressed in mg of nitrate per liter of water) of 26,45,95,220, and 459 existed in the respective villages. The study included 88 randomly selected children who were 8 yr of age or younger; they represented 10% of the total population of each of the areas. Detailed histories of recurrent diarrhea were noted, and medical examinations were conducted. Cytochrome b5 reductase activity and methemoglobin levels were estimated biochemically. Collected data were analyzed statistically with Microsoft Excel software. In addition, the authors exposed rabbits to various levels of nitrate, and histopathological changes of the stomach and intestine (small and large) were evaluated. There was a strong relationship between nitrate concentration and recurrent diarrhea; 80% of the recurrent diarrhea cases were explained by nitrate concentration alone. In the rabbit intestines, lymphocytic infiltration and hyperplasia characterized the submucosa as nitrate concentrations increased.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"369 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76196186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604469
L. M. Reinikainen, J. Jaakkola
Abstract In this investigation, the authors evaluated the relationship between temperature and (a) Sick Building Syndrome symptoms and (b) workers' perceptions of air dryness in environments with and without humidification. The authors studied the average intensity of symptoms and perceptions of dry air relative to room temperature in humidified and nonhumidified conditions. During the 6 wk of the experiment, 2 wings of the building were humidified one-by-one for 1 wk, followed by a week without humidification. A total of 230 daily questionnaires were completed during the nonhumidified period, and 233 were completed during the humidified period. The results were analyzed with linear regression analysis, and the average intensity of dryness symptoms and sensations of dryness increased with each unit increase in temperature above 22 °C, both in the humidified and nonhumidified conditions. Sick Building Syndrome symptoms increased relative only to temperature during the period of no humidification. In conclusion, temperatures above 22 °C caused increased dryness symptoms and a sensation of dryness, independent of humidification. The overall intensity of Sick Building Syndrome symptoms increased only when indoor air was not humidified.
{"title":"Effects of Temperature and Humidification in the Office Environment","authors":"L. M. Reinikainen, J. Jaakkola","doi":"10.1080/00039890109604469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604469","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this investigation, the authors evaluated the relationship between temperature and (a) Sick Building Syndrome symptoms and (b) workers' perceptions of air dryness in environments with and without humidification. The authors studied the average intensity of symptoms and perceptions of dry air relative to room temperature in humidified and nonhumidified conditions. During the 6 wk of the experiment, 2 wings of the building were humidified one-by-one for 1 wk, followed by a week without humidification. A total of 230 daily questionnaires were completed during the nonhumidified period, and 233 were completed during the humidified period. The results were analyzed with linear regression analysis, and the average intensity of dryness symptoms and sensations of dryness increased with each unit increase in temperature above 22 °C, both in the humidified and nonhumidified conditions. Sick Building Syndrome symptoms increased relative only to temperature during the period of no humidification. In conclusion, temperatures above 22 °C caused increased dryness symptoms and a sensation of dryness, independent of humidification. The overall intensity of Sick Building Syndrome symptoms increased only when indoor air was not humidified.","PeriodicalId":8276,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"365 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88890626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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