Aphids are sap-sucking insects responsible for crop losses and a severe threat to crop production. Proteins in the aphid saliva are integral in establishing an interaction between aphids and plants and are responsible for host plant adaptation. The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest of Gossypium hirsutum. Despite extensive studies of the salivary proteins of various aphid species, the components of A. gossypii salivary glands are unknown. In this study, we identified 123,008 transcripts from the salivary gland of A. gossypii. Among those, 2933 proteins have signal peptides with no transmembrane domain known to be secreted from the cell upon feeding. The transcriptome includes proteins with more comprehensive functions such as digestion, detoxification, regulating host defenses, regulation of salivary glands, and a large set of uncharacterized proteins. Comparative analysis of salivary proteins of different aphids and other insects with A. gossypii revealed that 183 and 88 orthologous clusters were common in the Aphididae and non-Aphididae groups, respectively. The structure prediction for highly expressed salivary proteins indicated that most possess an intrinsically disordered region. These results provide valuable reference data for exploring novel functions of salivary proteins in A. gossypii with their host interactions. The identified proteins may help develop a sustainable way to manage aphid pests.
{"title":"Salivary gland transcriptomics of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and comparative analysis with other sap-sucking insects","authors":"Shanmugasundram Pavithran, Marimuthu Murugan, Jayakanthan Mannu, Chakkarai Sathyaseelan, Venkatasamy Balasubramani, Sankarasubramanian Harish, Senthil Natesan","doi":"10.1002/arch.22123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aphids are sap-sucking insects responsible for crop losses and a severe threat to crop production. Proteins in the aphid saliva are integral in establishing an interaction between aphids and plants and are responsible for host plant adaptation. The cotton aphid, <i>Aphis gossypii</i> (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest of <i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>. Despite extensive studies of the salivary proteins of various aphid species, the components of <i>A. gossypii</i> salivary glands are unknown. In this study, we identified 123,008 transcripts from the salivary gland of <i>A. gossypii</i>. Among those, 2933 proteins have signal peptides with no transmembrane domain known to be secreted from the cell upon feeding. The transcriptome includes proteins with more comprehensive functions such as digestion, detoxification, regulating host defenses, regulation of salivary glands, and a large set of uncharacterized proteins. Comparative analysis of salivary proteins of different aphids and other insects with <i>A. gossypii</i> revealed that 183 and 88 orthologous clusters were common in the Aphididae and non-Aphididae groups, respectively. The structure prediction for highly expressed salivary proteins indicated that most possess an intrinsically disordered region. These results provide valuable reference data for exploring novel functions of salivary proteins in <i>A. gossypii</i> with their host interactions. The identified proteins may help develop a sustainable way to manage aphid pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides are widely used for pest control to promote sustained and stable growth of agricultural production. However, indiscriminate pesticide usage poses a great threat to environmental and human health. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown the ability to increase the performance of conventional pesticides and has great potential for improving adhesion to crop foliage, solubility, stability, targeted delivery, and so forth. This review discusses two types of nanopesticides, namely, carrier-free nanopesticides and carrier-based nanopesticides, that can precisely release necessary and sufficient amounts of active ingredients. At first, the basic characterization and preparation methods of these two distinct types of nanopesticides are briefly summarized. Subsequently, current applications and future perspectives on scientific examples and strategies for promoting the usage efficacy and reducing the environmental risks of these nanopesticides were also described. Overall, nanopesticides can promote higher crop yields and lay the foundation for sustainable agriculture and global food security.
{"title":"Fabrication and application of carrier-free and carrier-based nanopesticides in pest management","authors":"Wenhao Dong, Yipeng Ren, Huaijun Xue","doi":"10.1002/arch.22124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pesticides are widely used for pest control to promote sustained and stable growth of agricultural production. However, indiscriminate pesticide usage poses a great threat to environmental and human health. In recent years, nanotechnology has shown the ability to increase the performance of conventional pesticides and has great potential for improving adhesion to crop foliage, solubility, stability, targeted delivery, and so forth. This review discusses two types of nanopesticides, namely, carrier-free nanopesticides and carrier-based nanopesticides, that can precisely release necessary and sufficient amounts of active ingredients. At first, the basic characterization and preparation methods of these two distinct types of nanopesticides are briefly summarized. Subsequently, current applications and future perspectives on scientific examples and strategies for promoting the usage efficacy and reducing the environmental risks of these nanopesticides were also described. Overall, nanopesticides can promote higher crop yields and lay the foundation for sustainable agriculture and global food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Invasive insect pests, currently, pose a serious economic threat to several staple crops all over the world, one such being the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. It was first observed in Africa since 2016, outside of its natural habitat in the Americas. Subsequently, it invaded several countries in South and South East Asia and also very recently in Australia. In all the newly invaded regions, maize is the principal crop attacked causing a serious economic concern to the poor farmers, particularly in the developing countries. Owing to the innate genetic ability, it defies many of the management options that include insecticides, Bt transgenics, and so forth. This is due to its high mobility, polyphagy and ability for quick development of resistance to several classes of insecticides. At this critical juncture, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has shown a lot of promise in developing a novel area-wide pest management strategy called precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT). pgSIT was initially demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster which holds a greater promise for the environmentally friendly management of several globally significant agricultural pests such as S. frugiperda. Therefore, before developing both sgRNA and Cas9 transgenic lines, we have validated the target gene such as tssk2 through a non-transgenic approach by microinjecting ribo nucleo protein complex (Cas9 protein and tssk2 sgRNA) into G0 eggs of S. frugiperda. In the current investigation, we have obtained five edited males with distinct mutations which were further used for crossing studies to ascertain the effect of tssk2 editing affecting egg hatchability.
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9 mediated validation of spermatogenesis-related gene, tssk2 as a component of genetic pest management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Cholenahalli Narayanappa Anu, Karuppannasamy Ashok, Chikmagalur Nagaraja Bhargava, Yogi Dhawane, Maligeppagol Manamohan, Grish Kumar Jha, Ramasamy Asokan","doi":"10.1002/arch.22121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive insect pests, currently, pose a serious economic threat to several staple crops all over the world, one such being the fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>. It was first observed in Africa since 2016, outside of its natural habitat in the Americas. Subsequently, it invaded several countries in South and South East Asia and also very recently in Australia. In all the newly invaded regions, maize is the principal crop attacked causing a serious economic concern to the poor farmers, particularly in the developing countries. Owing to the innate genetic ability, it defies many of the management options that include insecticides, Bt transgenics, and so forth. This is due to its high mobility, polyphagy and ability for quick development of resistance to several classes of insecticides. At this critical juncture, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing has shown a lot of promise in developing a novel area-wide pest management strategy called precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT). pgSIT was initially demonstrated in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> which holds a greater promise for the environmentally friendly management of several globally significant agricultural pests such as <i>S. frugiperda</i>. Therefore, before developing both sgRNA and Cas9 transgenic lines, we have validated the target gene such as <i>tssk2</i> through a non-transgenic approach by microinjecting ribo nucleo protein complex (Cas9 protein and <i>tssk2</i> sgRNA) into G<sub>0</sub> eggs of <i>S. frugiperda</i>. In the current investigation, we have obtained five edited males with distinct mutations which were further used for crossing studies to ascertain the effect of <i>tssk2</i> editing affecting egg hatchability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling Zhang, Runting Ge, Yanhua Yang, Keping Chen, Chengjun Li
The zona pellucida domain protein piopio (Pio) was only reported to mediate the adhesion of the apical epithelial surface and the overlying apical extracellular matrix in Drosophila melanogaster, but the developmental roles of Pio were poorly understood in insects. To address this issue, we comprehensively analyzed the function of Pio in Tribolium castaneum. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that pio exhibited one-to-one orthologous relationship among insects. T. castaneum pio had a 1236-bp ORF and contained eight exons. During development pio was abundantly expressed from larva to adult and lowly expressed at the late stage of embryo and adult, while it had more transcripts in the head, epidermis, and gut but fewer in the fat body of late-stage larvae. Knockdown of pio inhibited the pupation, eclosion, and reproduction of T. castaneum. The expression of vitellogenin 1 (Vg1), Vg2, and Vg receptor (VgR) largely decreased in pio-silenced female adults. Silencing pio increased the 20-hydroxyecdysone titer by upregulating phm and spo expression but decreased the juvenile hormone (JH) titer through downregulating JHAMT3 and promoting JHE, JHEH-r4, and JHDK transcription. These results suggested that Pio might regulate the metamorphosis and reproduction via modulating the ecdysone and JH metabolism in T. castaneum. This study found the novel roles of pio in insect metamorphosis and reproduction, and provided the new insights for analyzing other zona pellucida proteins functions in insects.
仅有报道称黑腹果蝇的透明带结构域蛋白 piopio(Pio)能介导顶端上皮表面与上覆的顶端细胞外基质的粘附,但对 Pio 在昆虫发育过程中的作用却知之甚少。为了解决这个问题,我们全面分析了Pio在蓖麻毛虫(Tribolium castaneum)中的功能。系统进化分析表明,Pio在昆虫中表现出一对一的直向同源关系。T. castaneum pio有一个1236-bp的ORF,包含8个外显子。在发育过程中,pio在幼虫至成虫期大量表达,而在胚胎后期和成虫期表达量较低,在幼虫后期的头部、表皮和肠道有较多的转录本,但在脂肪体中有较少的转录本。pio的敲除抑制了T. castaneum的化蛹、羽化和繁殖。在被 pio 沉默的雌性成虫中,卵黄素 1(Vg1)、Vg2 和 Vg 受体(VgR)的表达量大大减少。通过上调 phm 和 spo 的表达,沉默 pio 增加了 20-hydroxyecdysone 滴度,但通过下调 JHAMT3 和促进 JHE、JHEH-r4 和 JHDK 的转录,降低了幼年激素(JH)滴度。这些结果表明,Pio可能通过调节蜕皮激素和JH的代谢来调控蓖麻蝇的变态和繁殖。该研究发现了Pio在昆虫变态和生殖过程中的新作用,为分析昆虫中其他透明带蛋白的功能提供了新的见解。
{"title":"The zona pellucida protein piopio regulates the metamorphosis and reproduction in Tribolium castaneum","authors":"Ling Zhang, Runting Ge, Yanhua Yang, Keping Chen, Chengjun Li","doi":"10.1002/arch.22122","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The zona pellucida domain protein piopio (Pio) was only reported to mediate the adhesion of the apical epithelial surface and the overlying apical extracellular matrix in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, but the developmental roles of Pio were poorly understood in insects. To address this issue, we comprehensively analyzed the function of Pio in <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that <i>pio</i> exhibited one-to-one orthologous relationship among insects. <i>T. castaneum pio</i> had a 1236-bp ORF and contained eight exons. During development <i>pio</i> was abundantly expressed from larva to adult and lowly expressed at the late stage of embryo and adult, while it had more transcripts in the head, epidermis, and gut but fewer in the fat body of late-stage larvae. Knockdown of <i>pio</i> inhibited the pupation, eclosion, and reproduction of <i>T. castaneum</i>. The expression of <i>vitellogenin 1</i> (<i>Vg1</i>), <i>Vg2</i>, and <i>Vg receptor</i> (<i>VgR</i>) largely decreased in <i>pio</i>-silenced female adults. Silencing <i>pio</i> increased the 20-hydroxyecdysone titer by upregulating <i>phm</i> and <i>spo</i> expression but decreased the juvenile hormone (JH) titer through downregulating <i>JHAMT3</i> and promoting <i>JHE, JHEH-r4</i>, and <i>JHDK</i> transcription. These results suggested that Pio might regulate the metamorphosis and reproduction via modulating the ecdysone and JH metabolism in <i>T. castaneum</i>. This study found the novel roles of <i>pio</i> in insect metamorphosis and reproduction, and provided the new insights for analyzing other zona pellucida proteins functions in insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important fruit and vegetable pest, especially in high-temperature seasons. In our previous research, we developed a temperature-sensitive sustained-release attractant for Z. cucurbitae, that not only can control the release rate of cuelure according to the temperature change, but also shows an excellent trapping effect on Z. cucurbitae. To further enhance the killing effect of the temperature-sensitive attractant on Z. cucurbitae, this study proposed using it in combination with an insecticide to prepare a temperature-sensitive insecticide for Z. cucurbitae. Based on the controlled release technology of pesticides, a temperature-sensitive Z. cucurbitae insecticide was developed by using PNIPAM gel as a temperature-sensitive switch to carry both cuelure and insecticide at the same time. In addition, the lethal effect of different pesticides on Z. cucurbitae were tested by indoor toxicity test, and the best pesticide combination was screened out. The temperature-sensitive insecticide prepared in this study not only had excellent thermal response and controlled release ability, but also enhanced its toxicological effects on Z. cucurbitae because it contained insecticides. Among them, combining thiamethoxam and clothianidin with the temperature-sensitive attractants was the most effective, and their lethality reached more than 97% against Z. cucurbitae. This study is not only of great practical significance for the monitoring and controlling Z. cucurbitae, but also provides theoretical basis and reference value for the combination of temperature-sensitive attractant and insecticide.
{"title":"Preparation and indoor virulence determination of a temperature-sensitive insecticide against Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)","authors":"Aqiang Wang, Chengcheng Ni, Sihua Peng, Shuyan Yang, Qianxing Wu, Shihao Zhou","doi":"10.1002/arch.22115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i> (Coquillett) is an important fruit and vegetable pest, especially in high-temperature seasons. In our previous research, we developed a temperature-sensitive sustained-release attractant for <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>, that not only can control the release rate of cuelure according to the temperature change, but also shows an excellent trapping effect on <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>. To further enhance the killing effect of the temperature-sensitive attractant on <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>, this study proposed using it in combination with an insecticide to prepare a temperature-sensitive insecticide for <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>. Based on the controlled release technology of pesticides, a temperature-sensitive <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> insecticide was developed by using PNIPAM gel as a temperature-sensitive switch to carry both cuelure and insecticide at the same time. In addition, the lethal effect of different pesticides on <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> were tested by indoor toxicity test, and the best pesticide combination was screened out. The temperature-sensitive insecticide prepared in this study not only had excellent thermal response and controlled release ability, but also enhanced its toxicological effects on <i>Z. cucurbitae</i> because it contained insecticides. Among them, combining thiamethoxam and clothianidin with the temperature-sensitive attractants was the most effective, and their lethality reached more than 97% against <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>. This study is not only of great practical significance for the monitoring and controlling <i>Z. cucurbitae</i>, but also provides theoretical basis and reference value for the combination of temperature-sensitive attractant and insecticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virginia Teles Dohanik, Luanda Medeiros-Santana, Carolina Gonçalves Santos, Weyder Cristiano Santana, José Eduardo Serrão
The vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is essential for the uptake and transport of the yolk precursor, vitellogenin (Vg). Vg is synthesized in the fat body, released in the hemolymph, and absorbed in the ovaries, via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Besides its important role in the reproductive pathway, Vg occurs in nonreproductive worker honey bee, suggesting its participation in other pathways. The objective was to verify if the VgR occurs in the hypopharyngeal glands of Apis mellifera workers and how Vg is internalized by these cells. VgR occurrence in the hypopharyngeal glands was evaluated by qPCR analyses of VgR and immunohistochemistry in workers with different tasks. The VgR gene is expressed in the hypopharyngeal glands of workers with higher transcript levels in nurse honey bees. VgR is more expressed in 11-day-old workers from queenright colonies, compared to orphan ones. Nurse workers with developed hypopharyngeal glands present higher VgR transcripts than those with poorly developed glands. The immunohistochemistry results showed the co-localization of Vg, VgR and clathrin (protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles in endocytosis) in the hypopharyngeal glands, suggesting receptor-mediated endocytosis. The results demonstrate that VgR performs the transport of Vg to the hypopharyngeal glands, supporting the Ovary Ground Plan Hypothesis and contributing to the understanding of the role of this gland in the social context of honey bees.
{"title":"Expression and function of the vitellogenin receptor in the hypopharyngeal glands of the honey bee Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers","authors":"Virginia Teles Dohanik, Luanda Medeiros-Santana, Carolina Gonçalves Santos, Weyder Cristiano Santana, José Eduardo Serrão","doi":"10.1002/arch.22120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is essential for the uptake and transport of the yolk precursor, vitellogenin (Vg). Vg is synthesized in the fat body, released in the hemolymph, and absorbed in the ovaries, via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Besides its important role in the reproductive pathway, Vg occurs in nonreproductive worker honey bee, suggesting its participation in other pathways. The objective was to verify if the VgR occurs in the hypopharyngeal glands of <i>Apis mellifera</i> workers and how Vg is internalized by these cells. VgR occurrence in the hypopharyngeal glands was evaluated by qPCR analyses of VgR and immunohistochemistry in workers with different tasks. The VgR gene is expressed in the hypopharyngeal glands of workers with higher transcript levels in nurse honey bees. VgR is more expressed in 11-day-old workers from queenright colonies, compared to orphan ones. Nurse workers with developed hypopharyngeal glands present higher VgR transcripts than those with poorly developed glands. The immunohistochemistry results showed the co-localization of Vg, VgR and clathrin (protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles in endocytosis) in the hypopharyngeal glands, suggesting receptor-mediated endocytosis. The results demonstrate that VgR performs the transport of Vg to the hypopharyngeal glands, supporting the Ovary Ground Plan Hypothesis and contributing to the understanding of the role of this gland in the social context of honey bees.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oleh Demianchuk, Maria Lylyk, Vitalii Balatskiy, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Maria Bayliak
Studies on antiaging remedies in insect models sometimes show discrepancies in results. These discrepancies could be explained by different responses of short- and long-lived strains on the antiaging remedies. The purpose of the study was to test whether life-prolonging effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), observed in nematodes and fruit flies, would be reproduced in long-lived Drosophila melanogaster flies. Lifespan was assayed in flies kept in demographic cages. Fecundity, proportion of flies capable of negative geotaxis, starvation resistance, time of heat coma onset, levels of triacyglycerols, body glucose, glycogen, activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate, and glutamate dehydrogenases were assessed. Dietary AKG did not affect fly lifespan on the diet with 5% yeast and 5% sucrose (5Y:5S) and on the diet with 9% yeast and 1% sucrose (9Y:1S), but increased lifespan on the low-protein diet (1Y:9S). Twenty-five-day-old female flies fed a 5Y:5S diet with 10 mM AKG for 3 weeks, did not differ from the control group (without AKG) in climbing activity, resistance to heat stress, and starvation. The levels of glucose and glycogen were unaffected but the levels of triacylglycerols were lower in AKG-fed female flies. No differences in activities of glycolytic enzymes, NADPH-producing enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase, oxygen consumption, and levels of oxidative stress markers were observed between the control and AKG-fed flies. However, AKG-fed flies had lower activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. These results suggest that potential antiaging remedies, such as AKG, may not extend lifespan in long-living organisms despite influencing several metabolic parameters.
{"title":"Alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation in long-lived Drosophila melanogaster: Impact on lifespan and metabolic responses","authors":"Oleh Demianchuk, Maria Lylyk, Vitalii Balatskiy, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Maria Bayliak","doi":"10.1002/arch.22116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies on antiaging remedies in insect models sometimes show discrepancies in results. These discrepancies could be explained by different responses of short- and long-lived strains on the antiaging remedies. The purpose of the study was to test whether life-prolonging effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), observed in nematodes and fruit flies, would be reproduced in long-lived <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> flies. Lifespan was assayed in flies kept in demographic cages. Fecundity, proportion of flies capable of negative geotaxis, starvation resistance, time of heat coma onset, levels of triacyglycerols, body glucose, glycogen, activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, glutathione-<i>S</i>-transferase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate, and glutamate dehydrogenases were assessed. Dietary AKG did not affect fly lifespan on the diet with 5% yeast and 5% sucrose (5Y:5S) and on the diet with 9% yeast and 1% sucrose (9Y:1S), but increased lifespan on the low-protein diet (1Y:9S). Twenty-five-day-old female flies fed a 5Y:5S diet with 10 mM AKG for 3 weeks, did not differ from the control group (without AKG) in climbing activity, resistance to heat stress, and starvation. The levels of glucose and glycogen were unaffected but the levels of triacylglycerols were lower in AKG-fed female flies. No differences in activities of glycolytic enzymes, NADPH-producing enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase, oxygen consumption, and levels of oxidative stress markers were observed between the control and AKG-fed flies. However, AKG-fed flies had lower activities of catalase and glutathione-<i>S</i>-transferase. These results suggest that potential antiaging remedies, such as AKG, may not extend lifespan in long-living organisms despite influencing several metabolic parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We detected enzymatic activity that generates 20-nucleotide (nt) RNA from double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in crude extracts prepared from various silkworm (Bombyx mori) organs. The result using knocked-down cultured cells indicated that this dicing activity originated from B. mori Dicer-2 (BmDcr2). Biochemical analyses revealed that BmDcr2 preferentially cleaves 5′-phosphorylated dsRNAs at the 20-nt site—counted from the 5′-phosphorylated end—and required ATP and magnesium ions for the dicing reaction. This is the first report of the biochemical characterization of Dicer-2 in lepidopteran insects. This enzymatic property of BmDcr2 in vitro is consistent with the in vivo small interfering RNA profile in virus-infected silkworm cells.
我们在从各种家蚕(Bombyx mori)器官制备的粗提取物中检测到了从双链 RNA(dsRNA)生成 20 核苷酸(nt)RNA 的酶活性。使用基因敲除培养细胞的结果表明,这种切割活性来自于 B. mori Dicer-2(BmDcr2)。生化分析表明,BmDcr2 优先在 20-nt 位点(从 5'- 磷酸化末端开始计算)切割 5'- 磷酸化 dsRNA,切割反应需要 ATP 和镁离子。这是首次报道鳞翅目昆虫中 Dicer-2 的生化特性。BmDcr2 在体外的这种酶特性与体内病毒感染蚕细胞中的小干扰 RNA 特征是一致的。
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of Bombyx mori Dicer-2 that dices double-stranded RNAs into 20-nt small RNA","authors":"Midori Tabara, Mayuko Harada, Kazunori Kuriyama, Takuma Sakamoto, Atsushi Takeda, Toshiyuki Fukuhara, Hiroko Tabunoki","doi":"10.1002/arch.22118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We detected enzymatic activity that generates 20-nucleotide (nt) RNA from double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in crude extracts prepared from various silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) organs. The result using knocked-down cultured cells indicated that this dicing activity originated from <i>B. mori</i> Dicer-2 (BmDcr2). Biochemical analyses revealed that BmDcr2 preferentially cleaves 5′-phosphorylated dsRNAs at the 20-nt site—counted from the 5′-phosphorylated end—and required ATP and magnesium ions for the dicing reaction. This is the first report of the biochemical characterization of Dicer-2 in lepidopteran insects. This enzymatic property of BmDcr2 in vitro is consistent with the in vivo small interfering RNA profile in virus-infected silkworm cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More and more evidence shows that small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play diverse roles in development, stress response and other cellular processes, but functional study of intermediate-size ncRNAs is still rare. Here, the expression profile of 16 intermediate-size ncRNAs in ovary and testis of silkworm Bombyx mori were analyzed. Twelve ncRNAs, including 5 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and 7 unclassified ncRNAs, accumulated more in the testis than in the ovary of silkworm, especially Bm-163, Bm-51 and Bm-68. Four ncRNAs (including three orphan snoRNAs and one unclassified ncRNA) had higher expression level in the ovary than in the testis, especially Bm-86. Overexpression of the testis-enriched snoRNA Bm-68 in the female led to the accumulation of male-specific isoform of doublesex (BmdsxM) and increased the expression ratio of BmdsxM: BmdsxF. While overexpression of ovary-enriched snoRNA Bm-86 in the male decreased the expression ratio of BmdsxM: BmdsxF, indicating the roles of the two snoRNAs played in the alternative splicing of Bmdsx of silkworm, which will provide new clues for the functional study of snoRNAs in insects.
{"title":"Role of small nucleolar RNAs in alternative splicing of the doublesex gene in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","authors":"Yu-Xin Qian, Shi-Gang Guo, Xu-Hui Zhao, Zhong-Wei Li, Reng Qiu, Yun-Chao Kan, Dan-Dan Li","doi":"10.1002/arch.22117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More and more evidence shows that small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play diverse roles in development, stress response and other cellular processes, but functional study of intermediate-size ncRNAs is still rare. Here, the expression profile of 16 intermediate-size ncRNAs in ovary and testis of silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> were analyzed. Twelve ncRNAs, including 5 small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and 7 unclassified ncRNAs, accumulated more in the testis than in the ovary of silkworm, especially Bm-163, Bm-51 and Bm-68. Four ncRNAs (including three orphan snoRNAs and one unclassified ncRNA) had higher expression level in the ovary than in the testis, especially Bm-86. Overexpression of the testis-enriched snoRNA Bm-68 in the female led to the accumulation of male-specific isoform of <i>doublesex</i> (<i>Bmdsx</i><sup><i>M</i></sup>) and increased the expression ratio of <i>Bmdsx</i><sup><i>M</i></sup>: <i>Bmdsx</i><sup><i>F</i></sup>. While overexpression of ovary-enriched snoRNA Bm-86 in the male decreased the expression ratio of <i>Bmdsx</i><sup><i>M</i></sup>: <i>Bmdsx</i><sup><i>F</i></sup>, indicating the roles of the two snoRNAs played in the alternative splicing of <i>Bmdsx</i> of silkworm, which will provide new clues for the functional study of snoRNAs in insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arch.22117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lang-Lang Gong, Meng-Qi Zhang, Yun-Feng Ma, Hong-Yan Feng, Ya-Qin Zhao, Yang-yuntao Zhou, Ming He, Guy Smagghe, Peng He
The insect cuticle plays a key role in maintaining the insect's physiological function and behavior. Herein, the yellow-y protein is required to produce black melanin, and is expressed in a pattern that correlates with the distribution of this pigment. However, yellow-y can also have other functions, for instance, in insect behavior, but not much is known. In this study, we have studied the yellow-y gene in one important model and pest species, namely the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), which is to our knowledge the first time reported. In essence, we identified the yellow-y gene (BgY-y) and characterized its function by using RNA interference (RNAi). Silencing of BgY-y gene led to different developmental abnormalities (body weight and wings) in both genders. Specifically, there was an abundant decrease in melanin, turning the body color in pale yellow and the cuticle softer and more transparent. Interestingly, we also observed that the knockdown of BgY-y impaired the male cockroaches to display a weaker response to female-emitted contact sex pheromones, and also that the oviposition ability was weakened in the RNAi females. This study comprehensively analyzed the biological functions of the yellow-y gene in German cockroaches from the perspectives of development, body color, courtship behavior and oviposition, and as a consequence, this may opens new avenues to explore it as a novel pest control gene.
{"title":"RNAi of yellow-y, required for normal cuticle pigmentation, impairs courtship behavior and oviposition in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica)","authors":"Lang-Lang Gong, Meng-Qi Zhang, Yun-Feng Ma, Hong-Yan Feng, Ya-Qin Zhao, Yang-yuntao Zhou, Ming He, Guy Smagghe, Peng He","doi":"10.1002/arch.22114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The insect cuticle plays a key role in maintaining the insect's physiological function and behavior. Herein, the yellow-y protein is required to produce black melanin, and is expressed in a pattern that correlates with the distribution of this pigment. However, yellow-y can also have other functions, for instance, in insect behavior, but not much is known. In this study, we have studied the <i>yellow-y</i> gene in one important model and pest species, namely the German cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i>), which is to our knowledge the first time reported. In essence, we identified the <i>yellow-y</i> gene (<i>BgY-y</i>) and characterized its function by using RNA interference (RNAi). Silencing of <i>BgY-y</i> gene led to different developmental abnormalities (body weight and wings) in both genders. Specifically, there was an abundant decrease in melanin, turning the body color in pale yellow and the cuticle softer and more transparent. Interestingly, we also observed that the knockdown of <i>BgY-y</i> impaired the male cockroaches to display a weaker response to female-emitted contact sex pheromones, and also that the oviposition ability was weakened in the RNAi females. This study comprehensively analyzed the biological functions of the <i>yellow-y</i> gene in German cockroaches from the perspectives of development, body color, courtship behavior and oviposition, and as a consequence, this may opens new avenues to explore it as a novel pest control gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140641959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}