Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery最新文献

Objective: To determine factors predicting whether patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) opt for a bone conduction device (BCD) for the contralateral routing of sound (CROS) after a regular trial with a BCD on a headband.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Patients: Thirty consecutive patients with SSD.

Interventions: Patients received a trial with a BCD headband as part of the regular workup for SSD. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their decision to opt for a BCD (BCD+) or not (BCD-).

Main outcome measures: Patients completed a questionnaire on satisfaction with the BCD headband, patient- and BCD-related factors, and benefit in listening situations.

Results: Fourteen patients (47%) chose a percutaneous BCD application after the BCD headband trial. Hearing loss of the contralateral ear at 4.0 kHz was significantly larger in the BCD+ group for bone and air conduction (P = .05 and P = .02, respectively). Patients in the BCD+ group experienced more problems in several listening situations and used the BCD headband more frequently than patients did in the BCD- group.

Conclusions: Several individual factors influence the decision of patients with SSD to opt for a BCD. Hearing loss in the contralateral ear at high frequencies seems to be a relevant factor to predict the success of the BCD headband trial. It is advisable to offer all patients with SSD the option to participate in the BCD headband trial for at least 1 week and create a realistic expectation for patients based on their unaided subjective hearing handicaps.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of ansa-recurrent laryngeal nerve laryngeal reinnervation to improve glottal incompetence causing dysphonia and dysphagia for children with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. DESIGN We reviewed a series of consecutive cases treated from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2011.

Setting: Otolaryngology division of a children's hospital. PATIENTS Thirteen children with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Main outcome measures: Surgical complications, parent surrogate quality-of-life measures, global overall assessment of improvement, and auditory perceptual assessment.

Results: Thirteen children underwent laryngeal reinnervation. Ages ranged from 2.2 to 8.8 years (mean [SD] age, 5.3 [2.6] years). No major complications were identified. Nine children had preoperative and 6- to 12-month postoperative data on voice and swallowing. Mean parental global voice rating (0 indicates no voice; 100%, normal voice) changed from 43% (range, 20%-65%) preoperatively to 79% (range, 50%-100%) postoperatively. Regarding perceptual assessment, the mean GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) Rating Scale sum score (0 indicates normal voice; 15, profoundly abnormal voice) improved from 6.3 to 2.9. Parental assessment of dysphagia with liquids also improved for all children with preoperative symptoms and worsened for none.

Conclusions: Our early experience suggests that ansa-recurrent laryngeal nerve laryngeal reinnervation is a safe and effective treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis with symptomatic dysphonia and dysphagia in young children. The procedure has advantages compared with other treatments. This option should be discussed with parents when the paralysis is identified. The child should be observed for several years in the event that voice and swallowing symptoms from glottal incompetence do not improve.

Objective: To compare incidence, stage, and survival of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers in patients with and without chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Design: Inception cohort.

Setting: National database.

Patients: Individuals with CLL and UADT cancers included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Main outcome measures: Incidence was compared by computing standardized incidence ratio (SIR), the ratio of observed UADT cancers in patients with CLL, and the number of UADT cancers expected based on the characteristics of patients with CLL and population incidence of UADT cancers. The association between CLL and UADT cancer stage was measured using odds ratio (OR) calculations. Survival of patients with UADT cancer with and without CLL was compared.

Results: For the SIR calculation, 36 985 patients with CLL contributed a mean 6.36 years of follow-up each, for a total of 235 314 person-years of follow-up. The SIR was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.97-1.41) for UADT cancers; 1.52 (95% CI, 1.18-1.93) for laryngeal cancer; and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.05-3.23) for cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In the stage and survival analyses, 253 patients with CLL followed by a UADT cancer were compared with 133 840 patients with 1 UADT cancer only. Cancers of the UADT in patients with CLL were more likely localized (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68). Relative survival was worse in patients with CLL. In multivariate analysis, CLL was independently associated with poorer observed survival (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24-1.70).

Conclusions: Larynx and nasal cavity cancers were more common in patients with CLL. Overall incidence of UADT cancers was not significantly elevated. Cancers of the UADT in patients with CLL were more likely to be localized at diagnosis than those in patients without CLL. Finally, CLL was associated with poorer survival outcomes.

Objective: To determine the current public health burden of injuries due to caustic ingestion in children.

Design: The 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database provides data on a sample of all pediatric hospital discharges in the United States during that year. Children with caustic ingestion injuries requiring hospitalization were identified by corresponding codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Database analysis generated national estimates of summary statistics.

Setting: A national database.

Patients: Representative sample of all hospital discharge data on patients 18 years or younger.

Main outcome measures: Public health burden related to caustic injury, including potential factors related to admission outcome, the necessity of a procedure during the admission, admission length of stay, and total charges for the admission.

Results: We estimated the prevalence of pediatric caustic ingestion injuries requiring hospitalization in the United States in 2009 to be 807 (95% CI, 731-882) children. The annual economic burden was estimated at $22 900 000 (95% CI, $15 400 000-$30 400 000) in total hospital charges. The mean charge per patient was estimated at $28 860 (95% CI, $19 799-$37 922) with a median of $9848. The mean length of admission was 4.13 (95% CI, 3.22-5.03) days with a median of 2 days. Among the 807 patients, 45.3% underwent esophagoscopy, and those admitted to teaching hospitals were more likely to undergo a procedure during their stay (P = .02). Logistic regression models suggested significant median income (P < .001) and sex (P < .001) variations.

Conclusions: The current public health burden of pediatric caustic ingestion injuries may be less than commonly cited. This finding supports the notion that legislative efforts have been successful. Despite these successes, these injuries continue to impose a significant burden on health care resources.

Objective: To investigate whether patients treated with laryngectomy had less comorbidity than those treated with chemoradiation, which could help explain the improved survival for the laryngectomy cohorts in recent studies.

Design: Observational cross-sectional study.

Patients: Patients receiving diagnoses of primary invasive advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx between 2003 and 2008 were selected from the National Cancer Database, which collects information from more than 1400 facilities accredited by the American College of Surgeons' Commission on Cancer. Patient-level independent variables included age at diagnosis, sex, diagnosis year, race/ethnicity, primary payer status, and zip code-level education.

Main outcome measures: Primary treatment information. The association between treatment and patient clinical, sociodemographic, and facility-level and zip code-level socioeconomic status variables were analyzed using univariate statistics and multivariate models. Charlson Deyo Comorbidity and The Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index scores were calculated from the hospital face sheet.

Results: The study demonstrated that receipt of treatment (chemoradiation vs total laryngectomy) was significantly associated with comorbidity. Treatment was not significantly associated with insurance status, race/ethnicity, or age. Patients with comorbidity were less likely to receive chemoradiation than subtotal or total laryngectomy, with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.87) for patients with 1 or more comorbidities compared with those without any comorbidity, after controlling for factors such as tumor stage, age, race/ethnicity, insurance, and socioeconomic status. Patients were also less likely to receive chemoradiation than total laryngectomy if they had stage IV disease (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.83) and if they had been diagnosed at a teaching or research institution (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77-0.84). Patients were more likely to receive chemoradiation if they were diagnosed after 2003 (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.30-1.45) or if they lived in a zip code with a high percentage of high school graduates (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15).

Conclusions: This is the first study, to our knowledge, that demonstrates that patients with advanced laryngeal cancer with 1 or more comorbidities are more likely to receive surgery than chemoradiation compared with patients without any comorbidity, independent of numerous clinical and nonclinical variables among a large national cohort. A limitation of this study is the use of comorbidity data from the National Cancer Database, which gathers its information from hospital discharge face sheets. We recognize that the National Cancer Database may be an imperfect system for the collection of comorbidity data and encourage discussion on different methods to improve the system

OBJECTIVE To describe the outcomes with the selective use of radioactive iodine (RAI) in patients who are at intermediate risk of death from papillary thyroid cancer, focusing on 2 subgroups: patients older than 45 years with low-risk tumors and patients younger than 45 years with high-risk tumors. DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTING Tertiary referral US cancer center. PATIENTS The study incluced 532 consecutive patients who were surgically treated between 1986 and 2005. INTERVENTIONS All patients underwent total thyroidectomy; 307 also received RAI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS Of 344 patients older than 45 years with low-risk tumors, 148 (43%) received RAI and 196 (57%) were selected not to receive RAI. The patients who were treated without RAI were more likely to be female and have pT1N0 disease. The 5-year DSS and RFS were 100% and 98%, respectively. The presence of nodal metastases predicted poorer 5-year RFS within this group (99% vs 91%; P = .004). Of 188 patients younger than 45 years with high-risk tumors, 159 (85%) received RAI, and only 29 (15%) were selected not to receive RAI. The 5-year DSS and RFS for these patients were 100% and 95%, respectively. The presence of nodal metastases predicted poorer 5-year RFS within this group (100% vs 86%; P = .02). CONCLUSION Our study shows that the subgroup of patients who are older than 45 years with tumors that are smaller than 4 cm in greatest dimension and confined to the thyroid gland and who do not have nodal metastases can safely be treated without RAI.

Objective: To ascertain the effect of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on lung function, intravenous (IV) antibiotic use, and hospitalization in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Settings: Tertiary care center.

Patients: Fifteen adults with a diagnosis of CF undergoing ESS between March 1, 2006, and June 31, 2008.

Main outcome measures: Twelve-month preoperative and 12-month postoperative pulmonary function testing (forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expired volume in 1 second [FEV1]), number of IV antibiotic courses, total number of days of intravenous antibiotic use, and number of inpatient hospital days (IHDs) were assessed.

Results: Twenty-two adults with CF underwent ESS; 15 patients had adequate data for evaluation. No significant differences were found between mean preoperative and postoperative FEV1 (61.3% vs 59.5%; P = .41) or FVC (76.4% vs 76.1%; P = .97) or between best preoperative and postoperative FEV1 (67.4% vs 67.0%; P = .95) or FVC (84.2% vs 83.0%; P = .86) (paired samples t test). The number of IV antibiotic courses and the total number of days of IV antibiotic use did not differ between the preoperative and postoperative periods (Wilcoxon signed rank test P = .61 and P = .10, respectively). However, the number of IHDs was significantly lower in the 1-year postoperative period (36.7 days) vs the 1-year preoperative period (59.1 days) (Wilcoxon signed rank test, z = -2.20, P = .03).

Conclusions: This preliminary study of ESS in adult CF patients indicates significant reduction in the number of IHDs in the postoperative period. However, there is no evidence that ESS improved lung function or the need for IV antibiotics.