Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2022.59.02.03
V. Boričević Maršanić, Krešimir Prijatelj, Ana Raguž, N. Kavaric, Gordana Buljan Flander
Besides causing serious threats to people’s physical health and lives, pandemics can lead to psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health among adults in Croatia and its association with sociodemographic factors, perceptions of pandemic, locus of control, coping with stress and perceived social support. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a snowball sampling technique. The online survey collected information on sociodemographics, chronic health conditions, self-isolation measure, perception of COVID-19, mental health status, locus of control, coping with stress and perception of social support. Mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1482 participants (252 males and 1230 females) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 33.3 ± 12.2 years, 43 % of the participants had elevated levels of anxiety and 18 % suffered from severe and extremely severe anxiety, 33 % had elevated levels of depression and 12 % suffered from severe and extremely severe depression, and 55 % had elevated levels of stress with 13 % suffering from severe and extremely severe stress. The strongest predictors of mental health symptoms were coping with stress, locus of control, and perceived social support. These results highlight the necessity of implementing psychological interventions during the pandemic to improve the mental health of the adults and vulnerable groups in particular that should include identified factors associated with better mental health status such as coping with stress focused on problem, social diversion and social support.
{"title":"Predictors of Adults’ Mental Health During Initial Stage of Covid-19 Pandemic in Croatia","authors":"V. Boričević Maršanić, Krešimir Prijatelj, Ana Raguž, N. Kavaric, Gordana Buljan Flander","doi":"10.20471/dec.2022.59.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2022.59.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Besides causing serious threats to people’s physical health and lives, pandemics can lead to psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health among adults in Croatia and its association with sociodemographic factors, perceptions of pandemic, locus of control, coping with stress and perceived social support. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a snowball sampling technique. The online survey collected information on sociodemographics, chronic health conditions, self-isolation measure, perception of COVID-19, mental health status, locus of control, coping with stress and perception of social support. Mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1482 participants (252 males and 1230 females) completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 33.3 ± 12.2 years, 43 % of the participants had elevated levels of anxiety and 18 % suffered from severe and extremely severe anxiety, 33 % had elevated levels of depression and 12 % suffered from severe and extremely severe depression, and 55 % had elevated levels of stress with 13 % suffering from severe and extremely severe stress. The strongest predictors of mental health symptoms were coping with stress, locus of control, and perceived social support. These results highlight the necessity of implementing psychological interventions during the pandemic to improve the mental health of the adults and vulnerable groups in particular that should include identified factors associated with better mental health status such as coping with stress focused on problem, social diversion and social support.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.17
M. Mioč, B. Barun, M. Boban, D. Ozretić, M. Habek
Isolated cognitive relapses (ICRs) are transient deficits in cognitive performance that are not accompanied with other symptoms typical for multiple sclerosis (MS). They are often missed and can lead to long-term cognitive decline. Considering possible devastating consequences of cognitive impairment, especially in working adults, and high economic burden of MS, it is of great importance to establish whether ICRs are sufficient to start with high efficacy therapy. 42-year- old women with a recent diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis developed significant impairment in almost all cognitive domains, with dominant difficulties in naming and low performance in phonemic fluency tasks, consistent with ICR. Her brain MRI showed new lesions affecting the anterior part of the thalamus and her condition partially improved on intravenous corticosteroid therapy. While waiting the disease-modifying therapy to begin, for what was now highly active MS, she developed subarachnoid haemorrhage which further narrowed the treatment options. This case illustrates the complexity of managing patients with MS and ICRs in at least three aspects. Firstly, the lack of uniform definition resulting in diagnostic delay of highly active MS and ICRs. Secondly, optimal treatment choices are often limited due to safety issues and reimbursement reasons. And thirdly, there is still an open question about the right treatment option for ICRs, so more research is needed.
{"title":"Severe Isolated Cognitive Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis - Indication for High Efficacy Therapy?","authors":"M. Mioč, B. Barun, M. Boban, D. Ozretić, M. Habek","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated cognitive relapses (ICRs) are transient deficits in cognitive performance that are not accompanied with other symptoms typical for multiple sclerosis (MS). They are often missed and can lead to long-term cognitive decline. Considering possible devastating consequences of cognitive impairment, especially in working adults, and high economic burden of MS, it is of great importance to establish whether ICRs are sufficient to start with high efficacy therapy. 42-year- old women with a recent diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis developed significant impairment in almost all cognitive domains, with dominant difficulties in naming and low performance in phonemic fluency tasks, consistent with ICR. Her brain MRI showed new lesions affecting the anterior part of the thalamus and her condition partially improved on intravenous corticosteroid therapy. While waiting the disease-modifying therapy to begin, for what was now highly active MS, she developed subarachnoid haemorrhage which further narrowed the treatment options. This case illustrates the complexity of managing patients with MS and ICRs in at least three aspects. Firstly, the lack of uniform definition resulting in diagnostic delay of highly active MS and ICRs. Secondly, optimal treatment choices are often limited due to safety issues and reimbursement reasons. And thirdly, there is still an open question about the right treatment option for ICRs, so more research is needed.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/may.2023.59.02.09
Vesna Mijoč
This research aimed to validate the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) questionnaire in the context of population of the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted on 135 participants who are users of four homes for the elderly and infirm in the City of Zagreb. The participants are people over 65 years old, they are Croatian speakers, and they do not have any neurological diagnosis (dementia, Parkinson’s disease and they did not survive a cerebrovascular insult). People who are recovering from a cold or flu or who are unable to move independently are not included in the research. The research used the original YPAS questionnaire, i.e., a list of activities in one part and categories of activities in the other. Physical activity is shown in the average hours reported per week. Calories are calculated for each activity separately, depending on how many kcal/min each activity brings. In this research, the original YPAS questionnaire was used, to examine the levels of physical activity, and the calories for each activity were calculated using a formula. Through the research, the YPAS questionnaire was validated for the Croatian context, and the results showed that participants spend most of their time shopping, washing dishes, and walking. A certain percentage of participants do not engage in any physical activity, which confirmed the theoretical assumptions about the sedentary behaviour of elderly people.
{"title":"Translation and Validation of the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) Questionnaire for the Elderly in Croatia","authors":"Vesna Mijoč","doi":"10.20471/may.2023.59.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/may.2023.59.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to validate the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) questionnaire in the context of population of the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted on 135 participants who are users of four homes for the elderly and infirm in the City of Zagreb. The participants are people over 65 years old, they are Croatian speakers, and they do not have any neurological diagnosis (dementia, Parkinson’s disease and they did not survive a cerebrovascular insult). People who are recovering from a cold or flu or who are unable to move independently are not included in the research. The research used the original YPAS questionnaire, i.e., a list of activities in one part and categories of activities in the other. Physical activity is shown in the average hours reported per week. Calories are calculated for each activity separately, depending on how many kcal/min each activity brings. In this research, the original YPAS questionnaire was used, to examine the levels of physical activity, and the calories for each activity were calculated using a formula. Through the research, the YPAS questionnaire was validated for the Croatian context, and the results showed that participants spend most of their time shopping, washing dishes, and walking. A certain percentage of participants do not engage in any physical activity, which confirmed the theoretical assumptions about the sedentary behaviour of elderly people.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49528400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.06
Falmata Baba Shettima, Taiwo Lateef Sheikh, Musa Abba Wakil, M. Abdulaziz, Isa Bukar Rabebbe, J. Abdulmalik
Background: Antipsychotic medication for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with adverse effects with extrapyramidal side effects constituting one of the most notable effects associated with poor medication adherence and poor quality of life. Aims: The study aims to compare the prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE), among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders on typical and atypical antipsychotic medications. The secondary aim is to determine the association of extra-pyramidal side effects with socio-clinical variables. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital-based study with systematic random sampling recruitment of 340 participants and 303 completed the study. Variables with significant association on chi square analysis were subjected to logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder on antipsychotic medication was 42.6 %. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia were 7.9 %, 38.6 and 3.6 %, respectively. The prevalence of extra-pyramidal side effects due to use of typical, atypical and combination drug was 44.4 %, 51.2 % and 34.5 %, respectively with haloperidol (59.4 %) and risperidone (71.4 %) having the greatest effect. Being elderly was associated with tardive dyskinesia, duration of treatment, severity of illness and type of illness with parkinsonism and severity of illness with akathisia. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the high prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects from either using typical and atypical antipsychotic medications. Therefore, Clinicians should discuss on these side effects and proffer possible solutions with their patients prior to commencement of antipsychotic medications in order to promote medication adherence.
{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Extrapyramidal Side Effects Among Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders on Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics","authors":"Falmata Baba Shettima, Taiwo Lateef Sheikh, Musa Abba Wakil, M. Abdulaziz, Isa Bukar Rabebbe, J. Abdulmalik","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antipsychotic medication for the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with adverse effects with extrapyramidal side effects constituting one of the most notable effects associated with poor medication adherence and poor quality of life. Aims: The study aims to compare the prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE), among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders on typical and atypical antipsychotic medications. The secondary aim is to determine the association of extra-pyramidal side effects with socio-clinical variables. Methodology: A cross-sectional hospital-based study with systematic random sampling recruitment of 340 participants and 303 completed the study. Variables with significant association on chi square analysis were subjected to logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder on antipsychotic medication was 42.6 %. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism and akathisia were 7.9 %, 38.6 and 3.6 %, respectively. The prevalence of extra-pyramidal side effects due to use of typical, atypical and combination drug was 44.4 %, 51.2 % and 34.5 %, respectively with haloperidol (59.4 %) and risperidone (71.4 %) having the greatest effect. Being elderly was associated with tardive dyskinesia, duration of treatment, severity of illness and type of illness with parkinsonism and severity of illness with akathisia. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the high prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects from either using typical and atypical antipsychotic medications. Therefore, Clinicians should discuss on these side effects and proffer possible solutions with their patients prior to commencement of antipsychotic medications in order to promote medication adherence.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46089127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.18
Nicholas Tze Ping Pang, Eugene Boon Yau Koh
Aim: Psychiatry has traditionally been taught bedside. Multiple ethical and logistics issues preclude use of certain patient groups, and in the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is the additional obstacle of not being able to access bedside patients. There is utility in using new media, e.g., television and movies, in psychiatry education. Methods: “Maniac” and “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend”, both available on Netflix, were used in an undergraduate psychiatry module to illustrate clinical lessons regarding schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder respectively. Results: “Maniac” was helpful in illustrating subtle changes in affect, occupational and social dysfunction, and showcasing disrupted family dynamics and distress from experiencing hallucinations and delusions. “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend” was instructional in crystallising psychopathology of borderline personality disorder and providing more nuanced, less cross-sectional views of psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Even though television and movies will and should not replace face-to-face bedside teaching as a primary mode of education, they are an adjunct to stimulate discussion and observe psychopathologies that are ethically difficult to capture. Both of them can be used judiciously in the current COVID-19 pandemic as bedside teaching substitutes.
{"title":"“Maniac” and “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend”: A Novel Adaptation of Two TV Series for Classroom Undergraduate Psychiatry Education in an Age of COVID-19 Social Distancing","authors":"Nicholas Tze Ping Pang, Eugene Boon Yau Koh","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Psychiatry has traditionally been taught bedside. Multiple ethical and logistics issues preclude use of certain patient groups, and in the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is the additional obstacle of not being able to access bedside patients. There is utility in using new media, e.g., television and movies, in psychiatry education. Methods: “Maniac” and “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend”, both available on Netflix, were used in an undergraduate psychiatry module to illustrate clinical lessons regarding schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder respectively. Results: “Maniac” was helpful in illustrating subtle changes in affect, occupational and social dysfunction, and showcasing disrupted family dynamics and distress from experiencing hallucinations and delusions. “Crazy Ex-Girlfriend” was instructional in crystallising psychopathology of borderline personality disorder and providing more nuanced, less cross-sectional views of psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Even though television and movies will and should not replace face-to-face bedside teaching as a primary mode of education, they are an adjunct to stimulate discussion and observe psychopathologies that are ethically difficult to capture. Both of them can be used judiciously in the current COVID-19 pandemic as bedside teaching substitutes.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.15
Andreja Balaž Gilja
The aim of this paper was to show the challenges of the social worker in the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka in the process of planned discharge and at the same time promoting the right to self-determination of an elderly patient with impaired functioning who has no close family members. The paper presents the tasks of a social worker in the pro- cess of planned discharge, which range from targeted and short analyzes of specific needs, to comprehensive psychosocial assessments and risk assessments of a whole range of social and psychological needs, strengths and stressors. The challenges that were imposed and ultimately overcome were the patient’s lack of social support, different perceptions of the problem and insufficiently transparent communication between stakeholders, the patient’s weakened social capital and physical disability. Therefore, the presentation of the case shows the importance of direct mutual communication of all the mentioned stakeholders, timely exchange and transparency of information. Although, the primary and most important thing is to respect the voice of the patient and enable him to shape the vision of his future life, in accordance with the resources available to him.
{"title":"Challenges of the Social Workers in the Field of Discharge Planning and Promotion of Patients’ Right to Self-Determination - a Case Report","authors":"Andreja Balaž Gilja","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper was to show the challenges of the social worker in the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka in the process of planned discharge and at the same time promoting the right to self-determination of an elderly patient with impaired functioning who has no close family members. The paper presents the tasks of a social worker in the pro- cess of planned discharge, which range from targeted and short analyzes of specific needs, to comprehensive psychosocial assessments and risk assessments of a whole range of social and psychological needs, strengths and stressors. The challenges that were imposed and ultimately overcome were the patient’s lack of social support, different perceptions of the problem and insufficiently transparent communication between stakeholders, the patient’s weakened social capital and physical disability. Therefore, the presentation of the case shows the importance of direct mutual communication of all the mentioned stakeholders, timely exchange and transparency of information. Although, the primary and most important thing is to respect the voice of the patient and enable him to shape the vision of his future life, in accordance with the resources available to him.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"16 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41269997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.13
Lea Tomašić, Zrnka Kovačić Petrović
Psychoactive substance-induced delirium is delirium which occurs during or immediate after psychoactive substance intoxication, withdrawal or during the use of specific psychoactive substance. It is characterized by sudden onset of disturbed consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, changed psychomotor activity, insomnia, acute memory impairment, violent, and bizarre behaviour. The most commonly abused psychoactive substances which may induce delirium are those acting on the major inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (alcohol, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, and gammahydroxybutyrate- GHB. Psychoactive substance-induced delirium may have hyperactive, hypoactive or mixed clinical presentation. Treatment of delirium induced by psychoactive substances is carried out with antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and sedatives, but each of the listed abused psychoactive substances has its own treatment peculiarities. This narrative literature review describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of delirium induced by intoxication and withdrawal from GABAergic psychoactive substances. The paper summarizes well-known knowledge with the latest research in psychoactive substances-induced delirium.
{"title":"GABAergic Psychoactive Substance-Induced Delirium: Narrative Literature Review","authors":"Lea Tomašić, Zrnka Kovačić Petrović","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.13","url":null,"abstract":"Psychoactive substance-induced delirium is delirium which occurs during or immediate after psychoactive substance intoxication, withdrawal or during the use of specific psychoactive substance. It is characterized by sudden onset of disturbed consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, changed psychomotor activity, insomnia, acute memory impairment, violent, and bizarre behaviour. The most commonly abused psychoactive substances which may induce delirium are those acting on the major inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (alcohol, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, and gammahydroxybutyrate- GHB. Psychoactive substance-induced delirium may have hyperactive, hypoactive or mixed clinical presentation. Treatment of delirium induced by psychoactive substances is carried out with antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and sedatives, but each of the listed abused psychoactive substances has its own treatment peculiarities. This narrative literature review describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of delirium induced by intoxication and withdrawal from GABAergic psychoactive substances. The paper summarizes well-known knowledge with the latest research in psychoactive substances-induced delirium.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47316318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.04
Joshi Animish, Muley Arti, Medithi Srujana
Governments took preventive measures like lockdown to curb the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, which affected mental health of many, their eating behaviours, and physical activity. This study focused on evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on these aspects among IT professionals considering their change in working patterns. This was a web-based cross-sectional study conducted in Pune city. A total of 103 participants participated in the study by completing an online structured questionnaire shared through various social media platforms. Information regarding their vitals, physical activity, and eating behaviour was collected. The DASS-21 scale was used to assess mental health. The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among IT professionals was found as 20.4 %, 44.7 %, and 35.9 %, respectively. Based on their BMI, the majority of the population was obese (63 %), and almost 57 % thought their body weight had increased during the lockdown. Participants doing any kind of physical activity significantly dropped down during the lockdown as compared to the pre-lockdown phase (p < 0.001). Stress levels were significantly higher among the obese participants (p < 0.01). Anxiety was observed to be significantly higher among the 20 to 34 year-old male participants (p < 0.05). Ready-to-eat snacks, instant noodles and easy to cook foods, Indian sweets, and confectionery showed a significant positive correlation with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Thus, a negative impact of COVID-19 and a subsequent lockdown was observed on the mental health and eating patterns among IT professionals.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Mental Health, Physical Activity, and Eating Behaviours Among IT Professionals in India","authors":"Joshi Animish, Muley Arti, Medithi Srujana","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Governments took preventive measures like lockdown to curb the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, which affected mental health of many, their eating behaviours, and physical activity. This study focused on evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on these aspects among IT professionals considering their change in working patterns. This was a web-based cross-sectional study conducted in Pune city. A total of 103 participants participated in the study by completing an online structured questionnaire shared through various social media platforms. Information regarding their vitals, physical activity, and eating behaviour was collected. The DASS-21 scale was used to assess mental health. The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among IT professionals was found as 20.4 %, 44.7 %, and 35.9 %, respectively. Based on their BMI, the majority of the population was obese (63 %), and almost 57 % thought their body weight had increased during the lockdown. Participants doing any kind of physical activity significantly dropped down during the lockdown as compared to the pre-lockdown phase (p < 0.001). Stress levels were significantly higher among the obese participants (p < 0.01). Anxiety was observed to be significantly higher among the 20 to 34 year-old male participants (p < 0.05). Ready-to-eat snacks, instant noodles and easy to cook foods, Indian sweets, and confectionery showed a significant positive correlation with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Thus, a negative impact of COVID-19 and a subsequent lockdown was observed on the mental health and eating patterns among IT professionals.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48043851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.08
L. Goršić, S. Caratan, S. Kocijan-Lovko, Helena Goršić, I. Požgain, B. Restek-Petrović
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether the insight of patients and their parents differ in the early phase of psychosis. Target population were the patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of the psychotic spectrum (F20- F29; ICD- 10th; disease duration ≤ 5 years), both sexes, with average age M = 25.4 (SD = 3.56, C = 25, min = 18, max = 32) and their parents. Insight into illness in patients was assessed using the Scale to assess Unawareness of mental Disorder (SUMD) abbreviated version. Parents’ insight into illness was assessed with a modified version of the SUMD with question rephrased to probe parents’ understanding of patients’ illness. The expression, structure and severity of psychotic symptoms was assessed by The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia (PANSS- Five factor models) and Clinical global impression scale (CGI- s). The results indicated a statistically significant (Z = 2.99; p < 0.01) higher mean value on General Awareness of patients (M = 6.1, SD = 3.26) compared to parents (M = 5.0, SD = 2.99. A significant difference was obtained by the sex of parents too (z = -2.07, p < 0.05): fathers had better insight (M = 2.0, SD = 1.15) than mothers (M = 1.5, SD = 0.89). The results call for necessity to develop innovative and comprehensive program for early family interventions.
{"title":"The Insight of Patients and Their Parents Differ in the Early Phase of Psychosis","authors":"L. Goršić, S. Caratan, S. Kocijan-Lovko, Helena Goršić, I. Požgain, B. Restek-Petrović","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether the insight of patients and their parents differ in the early phase of psychosis. Target population were the patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of the psychotic spectrum (F20- F29; ICD- 10th; disease duration ≤ 5 years), both sexes, with average age M = 25.4 (SD = 3.56, C = 25, min = 18, max = 32) and their parents. Insight into illness in patients was assessed using the Scale to assess Unawareness of mental Disorder (SUMD) abbreviated version. Parents’ insight into illness was assessed with a modified version of the SUMD with question rephrased to probe parents’ understanding of patients’ illness. The expression, structure and severity of psychotic symptoms was assessed by The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia (PANSS- Five factor models) and Clinical global impression scale (CGI- s). The results indicated a statistically significant (Z = 2.99; p < 0.01) higher mean value on General Awareness of patients (M = 6.1, SD = 3.26) compared to parents (M = 5.0, SD = 2.99. A significant difference was obtained by the sex of parents too (z = -2.07, p < 0.05): fathers had better insight (M = 2.0, SD = 1.15) than mothers (M = 1.5, SD = 0.89). The results call for necessity to develop innovative and comprehensive program for early family interventions.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45291457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.20471/may.2023.59.01.09
Marijana Lisak, Bruno Špiljak, Hanna Pašić
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature data for autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). AIE refers to inflammatory, non-infectious, immune-mediated encephalitis characterised by neuroinflammation, synthesis of neuronal autoantibodies (NAAs), directed against surface, synaptic and intracellular antigens, with subsequent neuronal dysfunction. It is characterised by heterogeneous anatomic-clinical syndromes and prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms. Due to overlapping of different clinical and diagnostic biomarkers, AIE is often considered diagnosis of exclusion and requires an extensive work-up. Systematic search of the term «autoimmune encephalitis» in the PubMed database was performed, with limitation set for systematic review in papers English, published from 2004- 2022. Further analysis was performed by the search of the author’s reference list and Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance (AEA) website. The analysis was conducted according to PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Outcomes that were sought included: AIE classification and presentation; diagnostic processing; treatment. Preset search of published systematic reviews in PubMed database, derived eighty six papers. Further screening of derived data, author’s reference list and AEA website was performed, according to previously defined out- comes. Finally, sixteen papers were independently selected and thoroughly analysed, with relevant conclusions present- ed in this paper. AIE is a severe inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder with a complex differential diagnosis that often remains unrecognised. AIE research has established a wide range of new autoimmune antibodies syndromes, clinical and diagnostic biomarkers, which have improved diagnostic approach and treatment. Initial application of immunotherapy improves the outcome of disease.
{"title":"Autoimmune Encephalitis","authors":"Marijana Lisak, Bruno Špiljak, Hanna Pašić","doi":"10.20471/may.2023.59.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/may.2023.59.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature data for autoimmune encephalitis (AIE). AIE refers to inflammatory, non-infectious, immune-mediated encephalitis characterised by neuroinflammation, synthesis of neuronal autoantibodies (NAAs), directed against surface, synaptic and intracellular antigens, with subsequent neuronal dysfunction. It is characterised by heterogeneous anatomic-clinical syndromes and prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms. Due to overlapping of different clinical and diagnostic biomarkers, AIE is often considered diagnosis of exclusion and requires an extensive work-up. Systematic search of the term «autoimmune encephalitis» in the PubMed database was performed, with limitation set for systematic review in papers English, published from 2004- 2022. Further analysis was performed by the search of the author’s reference list and Autoimmune Encephalitis Alliance (AEA) website. The analysis was conducted according to PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Outcomes that were sought included: AIE classification and presentation; diagnostic processing; treatment. Preset search of published systematic reviews in PubMed database, derived eighty six papers. Further screening of derived data, author’s reference list and AEA website was performed, according to previously defined out- comes. Finally, sixteen papers were independently selected and thoroughly analysed, with relevant conclusions present- ed in this paper. AIE is a severe inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorder with a complex differential diagnosis that often remains unrecognised. AIE research has established a wide range of new autoimmune antibodies syndromes, clinical and diagnostic biomarkers, which have improved diagnostic approach and treatment. Initial application of immunotherapy improves the outcome of disease.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44013058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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