Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.33696/Pharmacol.1.008
Ondo Zg
Background: In South Africa, new amended regulations required a review of complementary and alternative medicine (CAMs) call-up for registration from November 2013. This impacted traditional healers (THs)’ compliance with the regulatory authorities’ on the good manufacturing practice which in return affected the public’s access to CAMs. This investigation embraces methods, THs use to diagnose and treat diabetes (DM) in Mamelodi. Furthermore, it assesses what their purported medications comprise of. It is fundamental to understand the functioning of the South African Health Products Regulatory Agency (SAHPRA). Regulations surrounding registration and post-marketing control of CAMs are crucial, needing a solution. Method: The study comprised of dedicated questionnaires, distributed amongst THs to gain knowledge on their diagnosis and identify the CAMs used. It also included non-structured surveys on pharmacies to identify and assess compliance of those CAMs with the SAHPRA (previously Medicines Control Council (MCC)) regulations. Result: TH’s do not use any medical tests or materials for diagnosis. They use skeletal bones and prayers. Most CAMs found in the pharmacies have a disclaimer on the label when not evaluated by MCC/SAHPRA. Only two medicines were registered: ‘Manna blood sugar support and super moringa’. Self-provided TH treatment list for DM displays 20 different active ingredients in various CAM therapies. The most common treatment used is a plant and herbal-based (Muti) such as 1-ounce (Oz) mixture. Conclusion: Diagnosis of diabetes by THs is mostly done by divination. TH’s have an understanding with regards to drug safety, are aware of regulations but do not comply with SAHPRA. Their purported medication seems to be successful, according to themselves but further investigation and proper collaboration between the THs and bodies is in demand. Future study is needed by a competent researcher with traditional medicine qualifications.
{"title":"How Traditional Healers Diagnose and Treat Diabetes Mellitus in the Pretoria Mamelodi Area and How Do These Purported Medications Comply with Complementary and Alternative Medicine Regulations","authors":"Ondo Zg","doi":"10.33696/Pharmacol.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/Pharmacol.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In South Africa, new amended regulations required a review of complementary and alternative medicine (CAMs) call-up for registration from November 2013. This impacted traditional healers (THs)’ compliance with the regulatory authorities’ on the good manufacturing practice which in return affected the public’s access to CAMs. This investigation embraces methods, THs use to diagnose and treat diabetes (DM) in Mamelodi. Furthermore, it assesses what their purported medications comprise of. It is fundamental to understand the functioning of the South African Health Products Regulatory Agency (SAHPRA). Regulations surrounding registration and post-marketing control of CAMs are crucial, needing a solution. Method: The study comprised of dedicated questionnaires, distributed amongst THs to gain knowledge on their diagnosis and identify the CAMs used. It also included non-structured surveys on pharmacies to identify and assess compliance of those CAMs with the SAHPRA (previously Medicines Control Council (MCC)) regulations. Result: TH’s do not use any medical tests or materials for diagnosis. They use skeletal bones and prayers. Most CAMs found in the pharmacies have a disclaimer on the label when not evaluated by MCC/SAHPRA. Only two medicines were registered: ‘Manna blood sugar support and super moringa’. Self-provided TH treatment list for DM displays 20 different active ingredients in various CAM therapies. The most common treatment used is a plant and herbal-based (Muti) such as 1-ounce (Oz) mixture. Conclusion: Diagnosis of diabetes by THs is mostly done by divination. TH’s have an understanding with regards to drug safety, are aware of regulations but do not comply with SAHPRA. Their purported medication seems to be successful, according to themselves but further investigation and proper collaboration between the THs and bodies is in demand. Future study is needed by a competent researcher with traditional medicine qualifications.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89475986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.33696/PHARMACOL.1.006
B. Badlou
However, the entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional, in progressed chronic diabetes and cancer patients. Platelets (PLTs) in type 2 diabetic (DT2) involved in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (T&H) of individuals adhere to vascular endothelium and aggregate more voluntarily than those in healthy individuals, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. However [1-4] it is already known that the circulating PLTs are essential for T&H, inflammation [3] growth factors delivery, regeneration; and knowledge of their function is fundamental to understanding the pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes and cancer-related diseases [2-5]. Though, PLTs significant role as participants in the resolution of thromboinflammation is underappreciated [3]. Recently our group has shown that human PLTs’ aggregating function/reactivity affected by advanced glycated hemoglobin [2]. Recent studies have also provided strong evidence for an association between diabetes complications and an increase in PLTs’ reactivity [2,4,5] Though some metabolic abnormalities have been reported as the major causes of this reactivity and malfunction, which the defined mechanism has not been fully revealed. Intact healthy vascular endothelium play pivotal role in the normal functioning of smooth muscle contractility as well as its normal interaction with PLTs. What is not clear is the role of hyperglycemia in the functional and organic microvascular deficiencies and PLTs (hyper-) activity in individuals with diabetes and cancer-related diseases [4] Increased levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 favor both thrombosis and defective dissolution of clots once formed [1]. Insulin resistance is a uniform finding in DT2, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. These complications are associated with dysfunction of platelets and the neurovascular unit [1-4].
{"title":"Platelet Hyperactivity and Dysfunction in Diabetes and Cancer","authors":"B. Badlou","doi":"10.33696/PHARMACOL.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/PHARMACOL.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"However, the entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional, in progressed chronic diabetes and cancer patients. Platelets (PLTs) in type 2 diabetic (DT2) involved in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (T&H) of individuals adhere to vascular endothelium and aggregate more voluntarily than those in healthy individuals, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. However [1-4] it is already known that the circulating PLTs are essential for T&H, inflammation [3] growth factors delivery, regeneration; and knowledge of their function is fundamental to understanding the pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes and cancer-related diseases [2-5]. Though, PLTs significant role as participants in the resolution of thromboinflammation is underappreciated [3]. Recently our group has shown that human PLTs’ aggregating function/reactivity affected by advanced glycated hemoglobin [2]. Recent studies have also provided strong evidence for an association between diabetes complications and an increase in PLTs’ reactivity [2,4,5] Though some metabolic abnormalities have been reported as the major causes of this reactivity and malfunction, which the defined mechanism has not been fully revealed. Intact healthy vascular endothelium play pivotal role in the normal functioning of smooth muscle contractility as well as its normal interaction with PLTs. What is not clear is the role of hyperglycemia in the functional and organic microvascular deficiencies and PLTs (hyper-) activity in individuals with diabetes and cancer-related diseases [4] Increased levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 favor both thrombosis and defective dissolution of clots once formed [1]. Insulin resistance is a uniform finding in DT2, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. These complications are associated with dysfunction of platelets and the neurovascular unit [1-4].","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79816264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.33696/pharmacol.1.010
B. Badlou
57 Accidental admitting and using (un-) known drugs might manipulate health and/or disease(s) of a subject in a positive (healing) and/or negative way (increased mortality and morbidity rate). Now a days, different kinds of drug development technologies are available, which might help affect global health. Though, the psychiatric comorbid disorders were important risk factors for premature drug-related deaths despite so many developed tools and technologies [1].
{"title":"Admitting UnKnown Biosimilar- Drugs Affects Thrombosis and Haemostasis Processes","authors":"B. Badlou","doi":"10.33696/pharmacol.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/pharmacol.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"57 Accidental admitting and using (un-) known drugs might manipulate health and/or disease(s) of a subject in a positive (healing) and/or negative way (increased mortality and morbidity rate). Now a days, different kinds of drug development technologies are available, which might help affect global health. Though, the psychiatric comorbid disorders were important risk factors for premature drug-related deaths despite so many developed tools and technologies [1].","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.015
J. Turabián
17 Prescription of drugs is currently the main tool of family medicine (FM) and that’s the main source of prescription of drugs. More than 75 percent of all visits to family physicians/general practitioners (GPs) result in the prescription of at least one medication [1]. The drugs are used by GPs to manage a wide range of health problems that are addressed at this level of medical care: bacterial infections, chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, COPD, depression/anxiety, etc, as well as other daily needs such as contraception. On the other hand, innovative pharmacological therapies, such as new treatments for cancer, HIV/AIDS, vaccines or hepatitis C, also are directly or indirectly used by GPs. All of these drugs have tangible results: in some cases, they manage to eradicate a disease, and in others, to control it better, increase hope life or reduce the side effects of previous therapies.
{"title":"Drugs and Family Medicine: Form and Content","authors":"J. Turabián","doi":"10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.015","url":null,"abstract":"17 Prescription of drugs is currently the main tool of family medicine (FM) and that’s the main source of prescription of drugs. More than 75 percent of all visits to family physicians/general practitioners (GPs) result in the prescription of at least one medication [1]. The drugs are used by GPs to manage a wide range of health problems that are addressed at this level of medical care: bacterial infections, chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, COPD, depression/anxiety, etc, as well as other daily needs such as contraception. On the other hand, innovative pharmacological therapies, such as new treatments for cancer, HIV/AIDS, vaccines or hepatitis C, also are directly or indirectly used by GPs. All of these drugs have tangible results: in some cases, they manage to eradicate a disease, and in others, to control it better, increase hope life or reduce the side effects of previous therapies.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78571054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.013
V. Wiwanitkit
9 COVID-19 is the new emerging viral infection that already cause global public health problem [1-3]. More than 220 countries/territories are already attacked and there are more than 17 million patients around the world. This disease was firstly reported in China then in Indochina and extended worldwide. The patient can have febrile respiratory illness and there are many asymptomatic and mild symptomatic cases. The new viral respiratory infection causes several medical and non-medical problems and it is a big challenge to be managed. As a new disease, the knowledge on diagnosis and management is limited. At present, there is still no gold standard therapeutic regimen for managing COVID-19. The treatment has to depend on symptomatic and supportive treatment. The high mortality rate of this disease is reported and it leads to the urgent need to find new therapeutic method to manage the infection. The ongoing researches and developments for finding new drug against the pathogenic virus is the hope for success in disease containment [4]. Nevertheless, it usually takes a very long time to find a new drug for management of a new emerging disease. Additionally, COVID-19 is a new viral disease, finding the effective drug is usually difficult. Seeking a new alternative prodrug for further development has to take a long time and it might be in time for managing the present outbreak crisis. Therefore, the ideas for seeking new drug from classic drugs is very interesting.
{"title":"Classical Drug and its New Role in COVID-19 Management","authors":"V. Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.013","url":null,"abstract":"9 COVID-19 is the new emerging viral infection that already cause global public health problem [1-3]. More than 220 countries/territories are already attacked and there are more than 17 million patients around the world. This disease was firstly reported in China then in Indochina and extended worldwide. The patient can have febrile respiratory illness and there are many asymptomatic and mild symptomatic cases. The new viral respiratory infection causes several medical and non-medical problems and it is a big challenge to be managed. As a new disease, the knowledge on diagnosis and management is limited. At present, there is still no gold standard therapeutic regimen for managing COVID-19. The treatment has to depend on symptomatic and supportive treatment. The high mortality rate of this disease is reported and it leads to the urgent need to find new therapeutic method to manage the infection. The ongoing researches and developments for finding new drug against the pathogenic virus is the hope for success in disease containment [4]. Nevertheless, it usually takes a very long time to find a new drug for management of a new emerging disease. Additionally, COVID-19 is a new viral disease, finding the effective drug is usually difficult. Seeking a new alternative prodrug for further development has to take a long time and it might be in time for managing the present outbreak crisis. Therefore, the ideas for seeking new drug from classic drugs is very interesting.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76426909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.017
Peter V. Henstock
Over the past few years, pharmaceutical R&D has become aware of the potential benefits of leveraging artificial intelligence and its collective subfields including machine learning, deep learning, data science and advanced analytics. These technologies are being embraced across industries to provide enhanced automation, gain insights into data, and improve data-driven decision making. The evangelization from lower level technical experts has now been echoed by the top levels of many organizations, as exemplified by Vas Narasimhan’s (Novartis CEO) goal to evolve AI to place it at the “heart of the company” [1] and Alex Bourla’s (Pfizer CEO) aim to win the digital race in pharma using machine learning and AI to expedite R&D [2]. Although its value compared to pure science continues to be questioned, machine learning and particularly deep learning have introduced many compelling use cases.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Pharma: Positive Trends but More Investment Needed to Drive a Transformation","authors":"Peter V. Henstock","doi":"10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.017","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, pharmaceutical R&D has become aware of the potential benefits of leveraging artificial intelligence and its collective subfields including machine learning, deep learning, data science and advanced analytics. These technologies are being embraced across industries to provide enhanced automation, gain insights into data, and improve data-driven decision making. The evangelization from lower level technical experts has now been echoed by the top levels of many organizations, as exemplified by Vas Narasimhan’s (Novartis CEO) goal to evolve AI to place it at the “heart of the company” [1] and Alex Bourla’s (Pfizer CEO) aim to win the digital race in pharma using machine learning and AI to expedite R&D [2]. Although its value compared to pure science continues to be questioned, machine learning and particularly deep learning have introduced many compelling use cases.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89186545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.07.20245076
E. Larik, M. Arif, A. Saeed, M. Baig, Z. Hussain, Ambreen Chaudhary, Z. Baig, Z. Bugti, Jan Inayat, Khair Muhammad, Muhammad Abdullah, Z. Ahmed, Qurat-ul-ain, A. Kakar, Nasir Sheik
Background: This paper analyses any possible association of various factors like gender, last COVID-19 PCR test results, BCG Vaccination, Seasonal Flu vaccination, Occupation and confirmed case contact history with COVID-19 RDT results of the participants. COVID-19 will soon become endemic in Pakistan, the government should adopt COVID-19 RDT kits for trace, test and quarantine activities. Methodology: Considering the availability of COVI-19 rapid diagnostic kits, 596 individuals all previously COVID-19 PCR tested were made part of this cross sectional study. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of study participants. The whole study was conducted during September and October 2020. Results: The major findings of this study is clearly showing that the Positive Likely hood ratio of the COVID-19 RDT Kits (LR+) is well above 1; similarly the Negative Likely hood ratio is approaching 0.On the other hand the Sensitivity and Specificity 80% and 74% respectively .Similarly study found statistically significant association was between RDT out comes and Last PCR Test status, Occupation and Contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. While other variables like Gender, BCG Vaccination and history of seasonal flu vaccinations were found to have no significant associations with COVID-19 RDT Kit out comes. Conclusion: Being the first study of its kind in Pakistan the major findings of this study are almost in line with the set hypothesis and objectives of this study and based on study findings it will be of high value to use COVID-19 RDT kits during mass screening especially during Test, Trace and Quarantine activities.
{"title":"COVID-19 Rapid Diagnostic test results and their associations with certain factors among the residents of Balochistan.","authors":"E. Larik, M. Arif, A. Saeed, M. Baig, Z. Hussain, Ambreen Chaudhary, Z. Baig, Z. Bugti, Jan Inayat, Khair Muhammad, Muhammad Abdullah, Z. Ahmed, Qurat-ul-ain, A. Kakar, Nasir Sheik","doi":"10.1101/2020.12.07.20245076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.07.20245076","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper analyses any possible association of various factors like gender, last COVID-19 PCR test results, BCG Vaccination, Seasonal Flu vaccination, Occupation and confirmed case contact history with COVID-19 RDT results of the participants. COVID-19 will soon become endemic in Pakistan, the government should adopt COVID-19 RDT kits for trace, test and quarantine activities. Methodology: Considering the availability of COVI-19 rapid diagnostic kits, 596 individuals all previously COVID-19 PCR tested were made part of this cross sectional study. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of study participants. The whole study was conducted during September and October 2020. Results: The major findings of this study is clearly showing that the Positive Likely hood ratio of the COVID-19 RDT Kits (LR+) is well above 1; similarly the Negative Likely hood ratio is approaching 0.On the other hand the Sensitivity and Specificity 80% and 74% respectively .Similarly study found statistically significant association was between RDT out comes and Last PCR Test status, Occupation and Contact with COVID-19 positive individuals. While other variables like Gender, BCG Vaccination and history of seasonal flu vaccinations were found to have no significant associations with COVID-19 RDT Kit out comes. Conclusion: Being the first study of its kind in Pakistan the major findings of this study are almost in line with the set hypothesis and objectives of this study and based on study findings it will be of high value to use COVID-19 RDT kits during mass screening especially during Test, Trace and Quarantine activities.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78044560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-07DOI: 10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.012
M. Saif, Hilal Hachem, S. Purvey, R. Hamal, Lulu Zhang, N. Siddiqui, A. Godara, R. Diasio
However, 31–34% of patients encountered grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) with 0.5% mortality often-necessitating dose reduction or discontinuation [5]. A significant proportion of these AEs are likely to be the result of inter-individual genetic variation, in particularly such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD). DPYD gene encodes DPD, the ratelimiting enzyme responsible for catabolism of 5-FU and is responsible for >85% of 5-FU elimination. Deficiency of DPD due to DPYD polymorphism gives rise to severe 5-FU AEs from reduced catabolism [6]. This pharmacogenetic ‘DPD syndrome’ manifests typically as severe or fatal diarrhea, mucositis/stomatitis, myelosuppression and even rare toxicities, such as hepatitis, encephalopathy and acute cardiac ischemia following first or second dose of 5-FU [6–8]. DPYD mutations are found in 50% of severe 5-FU toxicity cases [6–10]. Different methods have been developed to test DPYD abnormalities [11,12].
{"title":"Pharmacogenetic Variants in the DPYD and TYMS Genes are Clinically Significant Predictors of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity: Are We Ready for Use in our Clinical Practice","authors":"M. Saif, Hilal Hachem, S. Purvey, R. Hamal, Lulu Zhang, N. Siddiqui, A. Godara, R. Diasio","doi":"10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/PHARMACOL.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"However, 31–34% of patients encountered grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) with 0.5% mortality often-necessitating dose reduction or discontinuation [5]. A significant proportion of these AEs are likely to be the result of inter-individual genetic variation, in particularly such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD). DPYD gene encodes DPD, the ratelimiting enzyme responsible for catabolism of 5-FU and is responsible for >85% of 5-FU elimination. Deficiency of DPD due to DPYD polymorphism gives rise to severe 5-FU AEs from reduced catabolism [6]. This pharmacogenetic ‘DPD syndrome’ manifests typically as severe or fatal diarrhea, mucositis/stomatitis, myelosuppression and even rare toxicities, such as hepatitis, encephalopathy and acute cardiac ischemia following first or second dose of 5-FU [6–8]. DPYD mutations are found in 50% of severe 5-FU toxicity cases [6–10]. Different methods have been developed to test DPYD abnormalities [11,12].","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"47 1","pages":"6 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77532326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Wasif Saif, Hilal Hachem, Sneha Purvey, Ruchi Hamal, Lulu Zhang, Nauman Saleem Siddiqui, Amandeep Godara, Robert B Diasio
{"title":"Pharmacogenetic Variants in the <i>DPYD</i> and <i>TYMS</i> Genes are Clinically Significant Predictors of Fluoropyrimidine Toxicity: Are We Ready for Use in our Clinical Practice.","authors":"Muhammad Wasif Saif, Hilal Hachem, Sneha Purvey, Ruchi Hamal, Lulu Zhang, Nauman Saleem Siddiqui, Amandeep Godara, Robert B Diasio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":"6-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7713499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38679215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.33696/Pharmacol.1.002
Abdul Kader Mohiuddin
Nearly 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. It increases healthcare expenditure and imposes a huge economic burden on the healthcare systems. The International Diabetes Federation estimated more than 7 million people with diabetes in Bangladesh and almost an equal number with unexplored diabetes. This number is estimated to double by 2025. It is a costly condition and may cause stroke, heart attack, chronic kidney diseases, neuropathy, visual impairment and amputations. Bangladesh is a developing country where 75% of total population lives in rural area. Subsequently they have poor healthcare access as 26% of rural professionals remain vacant and nearly 40%, absent. Nearly 45% rural people take medical assessment from unqualified health workers including medical assistants, mid-wives, village doctors, community health workers in comparison to that by qualified medical graduates (only 10%-20%). More than 75% women having complications taken treatment from an unqualified provider. These are mostly because concern over medical costs, and pronounced socioeconomic disparities found for care-seeking behavior in both urban and rural Bangladesh.
{"title":"Domination of Nephrotic Problems among Diabetic Patients of Bangladesh","authors":"Abdul Kader Mohiuddin","doi":"10.33696/Pharmacol.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/Pharmacol.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 80% of people with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries. It increases healthcare expenditure and imposes a huge economic burden on the healthcare systems. The International Diabetes Federation estimated more than 7 million people with diabetes in Bangladesh and almost an equal number with unexplored diabetes. This number is estimated to double by 2025. It is a costly condition and may cause stroke, heart attack, chronic kidney diseases, neuropathy, visual impairment and amputations. Bangladesh is a developing country where 75% of total population lives in rural area. Subsequently they have poor healthcare access as 26% of rural professionals remain vacant and nearly 40%, absent. Nearly 45% rural people take medical assessment from unqualified health workers including medical assistants, mid-wives, village doctors, community health workers in comparison to that by qualified medical graduates (only 10%-20%). More than 75% women having complications taken treatment from an unqualified provider. These are mostly because concern over medical costs, and pronounced socioeconomic disparities found for care-seeking behavior in both urban and rural Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":8324,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76664632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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