Archives of Suicide Research最新文献

Objective: Healthcare services are potential interventions points before suicide. The aim of the current study was to explore whether mental health (MH) multimorbidity is associated with contact with healthcare services before suicide.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Irish Probable Suicide Deaths Study (IPSDS), over the period 2015-2020. MH conditions were recorded on the basis of collateral information, including medical diagnosis or/and undiagnosed. The IPSDS cohort (n = 3625), comprising deaths given a coronial verdict of suicide and deaths on the balance of probabilities, was allocated to three mutually exclusive health groups: (a) no MH conditions, (b) one MH condition only, (c) two or more MH conditions ("MH multimorbidity"). Descriptive statistics (p ≤ 0.05) and binary logistic regression analyses with odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs (p ≤ 0.01) are presented.

Results: One fifth (20%) of the IPSDS cohort had MH multimorbidity, which was more prevalent among those aged 35-44 years. The unadjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that those with multimorbidity were significantly more likely to have contacted health services before suicide, compared to those with no MH conditions. This finding was substantially unchanged following adjustment for sex, age, and labor market position (OR = 12.170, 95% CI 9.595-15.437, p < .001) and in a sensitivity analysis restricted to a subset of deaths given a coronial verdict of suicide (OR = 12.728, 95% CI 9.635-16.814).

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that those who experience MH multimorbidity and are in contact with health services should be targeted with tailor-made suicide prevention interventions.

Objective: Suicide is a significant global public health issue, with occupations like farming-marked by financial instability and isolation-facing elevated risks. Despite international evidence, suicidality among Austrian farmers remains unstudied. This study compared suicidal ideation between Austrian farmers (n = 2,006) and the general population (n = 2,007), while identifying sociodemographic, occupational, and behavioral risk factors of suicidality in farmers.

Method: Data were collected via online surveys (October 2024-February 2025), utilizing the PHQ-9 for suicidal ideation and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) for suicidality and analyzed with Chi-square tests and logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender disparities.

Results: Farmers reported significantly higher suicidal ideation (19.7%) than the general population (14.3%; χ² = 20.62, p < .001), with 1.4 times greater age- and gender- adjusted odds (95% CI:1.17-1.64). Key risk factors for suicidality in farmers included financial distress (very poor vs. very good: aOR = 2.64, p = .008), high agricultural workload (aOR = 1.01/hour, p = .03), and residing in Eastern Austria vs. Western Austria (aOR = 1.76, p = .003). Protective factors included physical activity outside work (aOR = 0.65, p = .005) and living in a relationship (aOR = 0.61, p = .024).

Conclusions: This study highlights increased suicidal ideation among farmers compared to the general population. Financial instability, high workload, regional differences, physical activity, as well relationships seem influential. Community-based interventions promoting social support and physical activity may mitigate risks, highlighting the interplay of economic and psychosocial factors in farmer suicidality.

Objective: Suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents globally. Offset (both early and late) pubertal timing exposes adolescents to additional biological and psychosocial challenges, rendering them at heightened risk for psychopathology. Few studies have examined the relations between pubertal timing and suicidal ideation and attempts, as well as associated underlying mechanisms.

Method: Participants were 29,099 Chinese adolescents (M_age = 12.8, 47.9% female) in a large-scale epidemiology survey. Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the associations between pubertal timing and suicidal ideation and attempts, the indirect effects through bullying and victimization and internalizing problems, and sex differences in these links.

Results: Early-maturing adolescents were at elevated risk for experiencing suicidal ideation and attempts. These effects were partly mediated through bullying and victimization experiences and internalizing symptoms. Early-maturing male adolescents were more likely to engage in bullying and experience victimization, whereas female adolescents were particularly vulnerable to internalizing problems and suicidal ideation and attempts following victimization experiences. Late-maturing conferred risk for suicidal attempts among female adolescents.

Conclusions: The findings highlight the potent role of offset pubertal timing in adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts, as well as sex differences in associated risk processes. The results also emphasize the importance of focusing on both mental health and social contextual changes elicited by offset pubertal timing among adolescents as intervention targets.

Objective: Conducting youth suicide research comes with inherent challenges related to topic and age sensitivities. Despite this, there is a paucity of knowledge about how young people experience their research involvement. This study aimed to explore the experiences of young people with lived or living experience of suicide of being involved as collaborators or participants in suicide research.

Method: In this qualitative study, 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted via video software between August 11 and November 19, 2021. Participants included those aged 18-29 years, who had lived or living experiences of suicide, had been involved in suicide research, and were living in United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. Eight participants had previously been involved in co-production and five as participants. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate themes.

Results: Three themes were generated: (1) Young people want-but don't always receive-support that is individualized, multi-faceted and actionable; (2) The relationship with the researcher drives the experience; and (3) Using traumatic experiences to create positive and meaningful change.

Conclusion: For young people with lived and living experience of suicide to be safely and effectively involved in suicide research, individual support that is nuanced, dynamic, and tailored is required, regardless of the type of research involvement.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant global public health concern among adolescents. Prior research has confirmed the importance of perceived family invalidation in contributing to NSSI engagement. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. The current study hypothesized that perceived family invalidation would be associated with NSSI through a serial mediation pathway via shame-proneness and depressive symptoms. A sample of 3,875 Chinese adolescents from 12 to 18 years old (M_age = 14.43, SD = 1.38, 50.8% females) completed self-report questionnaires with outcome variables of perceived family invalidation, shame-proneness, depressive symptoms, and NSSI. Results showed that the prevalence of lifetime NSSI was 13.6%. Perceived family invalidation, shame-proneness, and depressive symptoms were all positively correlated with NSSI. The mean scores of all variables in the NSSI group were significantly higher than the non-NSSI group. The association between perceived family invalidation and NSSI was not directly mediated by shame-proneness. Still, it was mediated by depressive symptoms, while this link was also serially mediated by shame-proneness and depressive symptoms. Findings demonstrate a potential psychopathological mechanism underlying the pathway from perceived family invalidation to NSSI through shame-proneness and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence for future specific intervention and prevention directions for mental health services providers working with adolescents of elevated perceived family invalidation as well as shame-proneness to reduce the risk of NSSI.

Objective: Cross-sectional and qualitative studies suggest that online peer counseling have potential benefits in addressing suicidality among adolescents and young adults. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of [U25], a low-threshold online peer counseling service provided in Germany.

Method: A non-randomized, longitudinal study design with control group was conducted to measure outcomes at baseline as well as four weeks, three months and six months after baseline. The control group consists of young adults who inform themselves about the service on the internet but do not register for counseling. Primary outcomes included service utilization, suicidal ideation, psychopathological symptoms and life adversities. The original sample consisted of N = 1250 young adults (treatment group: n = 210, control group: n = 1040). After propensity score matching, the treatment and control group each comprised n = 210 participants.

Results: Service utilization increased in the CG but not in the TG. Suicidal ideation and psychopathological symptoms decreased for both groups across all time points. [U25] did not lead to greater symptom reduction compared to the control group. No differences were found in the number of life adversities.

Conclusions: The results indicate that a large number of young adults with suicidal thoughts and other mental health issues feel supported by the U25 platform. However, similar symptom reduction was obtained in the treatment and control group. This result could be explained by the increased support utilization in the control group, which warrants further investigation. This study can serve as a framework for future research with larger sample sizes to further explore and validate these findings.

Objectives: Previous research has linked NSSI to various psychological, social, and environmental factors, but the relative importance of these factors across different developmental stages remains unclear. This study investigates the multidimensional factors associated with NSSI among middle and high school students in China using a Random Forest Classifier to inform targeted interventions.

Methods: A total of 2735 Chinese students provided self-reported data on NSSI behavior, functions of NSSI behavior, as well as a number of associated factors. The study utilized a Random Forest Classifier to identify key factors related to NSSI across different time periods (last month, past 6 months, and past year), and compared these factors between middle school and high school student cohorts.

Results: The Random Forest models showed good discriminative ability for identifying NSSI (AUC = 0.84 for middle school; AUC = 0.79 for high school students), with high specificity (94.7-97.3%) but low sensitivity (27.6-42.8%). For middle school students, depressive and anxiety symptoms, social support, negative self-evaluation, and self-control were primary factors. For high school students, depression, anxiety, schemas related to shame, emotional abuse, and executive functioning deficits were found primary factors. Within the subgroup who reported NSSI, differing motivations and factors were observed across developmental stages.

Conclusions: NSSI behavior in Chinese adolescents is influenced by a complex interplay of emotional, psychological, social, and cognitive factors, with clear developmental distinctions between middle and high school students. These findings underscore the need for tailored prevention and intervention strategies that are sensitive to the developmental stage of the adolescent population.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the associations between various magnitudes of declines in the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization-Weighted Stock Index (TAIEX) and suicides on the day following these declines and its possible moderating effects.

Methods: We analyzed daily suicide data between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. Quasi-Poisson regression models were employed to examine the cross-sectional (the same day) and lagged (one to seven days later) relationships between falls of TAIEX and suicide death.

Results: Suicide rates increased two days after days with ≥ 5% declines in daily TAIEX. Associations between slight declines in the daily TAIEX (such as ≥ 1% and ≥ 2%) and suicides were less pronounced in females; however, associations between substantial declines (≥ 3%) and suicides were more prominent in females. The associations between substantial declines in the TAIEX (such as ≥ 4% and ≥ 5%) and suicides were more pronounced in middle-aged and older individuals. As business cycle conditions improved, the associations between falls in TAIEX and suicides intensified.

Conclusion: We should pay more attention to the risk of suicide when the stock market index declines by 5% or more, especially among females, middle-aged, and older individuals, during periods of economic prosperity.

Individuals who have experienced suicidal thoughts or behaviors report experiencing stigma from social contacts and treatment providers. Although research has measured experiences of stigma related to suicide, tools measuring destigmatizing or adaptive cognitions related to suicide are limited. This study adapted a resource from NowMattersNow.org listing 10 things people with lived experience of suicide said they wished they knew when they were suicidal. These 10 things were modified into pilot items for the development of a measure of adaptive cognitions about suicide. Participants (N = 1,258) completed the pilot items, demographic items, and convergent/divergent measures. The sample was randomly split 25% (n = 314)/75% (n = 944) for exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency estimates, measurement invariance testing, and correlations with other measures were performed. A two-factor model was identified, with one factor related to coping beliefs and one factor related to destigmatizing beliefs. Four items that did not clearly load into the two identified factors were dropped, leaving six items in the final scale (three for each factor). This obtained a good fit in a CFA framework. Scores on the two factors correlated in the expected directions with measures related to stigma, mental health, and experiences with suicide. The measure was invariant across gender. However, lower-than-desirable internal consistency estimates were obtained. The resultant measure, the Adaptive Suicide Cognitions Scale, assesses two constructs that may be useful to examine further, with the goal of reducing the severity and impacts of suicide-related stigma.

Objective: Suicide is widely acknowledged as a pervasive global public health issue. Support for those bereaved by suicide (postvention) is a neglected area of research. Suicide loss survivors struggle with guilt, stigma, and a drive to comprehend. This study aimed to assess the ramifications of bereavement by suicide within a cohort of peer-support group members.

Method: Data were collected using in-depth face-to-face and online semi-structured interviews. Audio-recordings of the interviews were transcribed and analyzed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Eight people, recruited from a UK Peer Support Group, participated.

Findings: Five Group Experiential Themes emerged: (1) "Never going to live a normal life"; (2) "You just wear a mask"; (3) "I'm conflicted"; (4) "I just want change"; (5) "Everyone in the room understood." Findings provide insights into the mindset of a cross-section of those bereaved by suicide and the all-encompassing, pervasive, life-shattering consequences of becoming a suicide loss survivor. These include the duality of their inner torment and public persona, perpetual possession of conflicting thoughts and perspectives, and alienation.

Conclusions: A unique level of comprehension as to the power of peer-support groups is also outlined. Implications for practice include the signposting of postvention services requiring enhancement and the vital role played by peer-support groups in assisting those impacted.