首页 > 最新文献

Archives of Toxicology最新文献

英文 中文
Research advances on CaMKs-mediated neurodevelopmental injury 有关 CaMKs 介导的神经发育损伤的研究进展
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03865-5
Lingxu Kong, Jing Yang, Huajie Yang, Bin Xu, Tianyao Yang, Wei Liu

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are important proteins in the calcium signaling cascade response pathway, which can broadly regulate biological functions in vivo. Multifunctional CaMKs play key roles in neural development, including neuronal circuit building, synaptic plasticity establishment, and neurotrophic factor secretion. Currently, four familial proteins, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K, popularly known as CaMKIII) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), are thought to have been the most extensively studied during neurodevelopment. Although their spatial structures are extremely similar, as well as the initial starting point of activation, both require the activation of calcium and calmodulin (CaM) complexes to be involved in the process, and the phosphorylation sites and modes of each member are different. Furthermore, due to the high structural similarity of CaMKs, their members may play synergistic roles in the regulation of neural development, but different CaMKs also have their own means of regulating neural development. In this review, we first describe the visualized protein structural forms of CaMKI, CaMKII, eEF2K and CaMKIV, and then describe the functions of each kinase in neurodevelopment. After that, we focus on four main mechanisms of neurodevelopmental damage caused by CaMKs: CaMKI/ERK/CREB pathway inhibition leading to dendritic spine structural damage; Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII through induction of mitochondrial kinetic disorders leading to neurodevelopmental damage; CaMKIII/eEF2 hyperphosphorylation affects the establishment of synaptic plasticity; and CaMKIV/JNK/NF-κB through induction of an inflammatory response leading to neurodevelopmental damage. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological significance of aberrant CaMK family expression in neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the protective effects of conventional CaMKII and CaMKIII antagonists against neurodevelopmental injury.

钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(CaMKs)是钙信号级联反应途径中的重要蛋白,可广泛调控体内生物功能。多功能 CaMKs 在神经发育过程中发挥着关键作用,包括神经元回路构建、突触可塑性建立和神经营养因子分泌。目前,人们认为在神经发育过程中对钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶 I(CaMKI)、钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶 II(CaMKII)、真核延伸因子 2 激酶(eEF2K,俗称 CaMKIII)和钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶 IV(CaMKIV)这四种家族蛋白的研究最为广泛。虽然它们的空间结构以及激活的初始起点极为相似,但都需要钙和钙调素(CaM)复合物的激活才能参与这一过程,而且每个成员的磷酸化位点和模式也不尽相同。此外,由于 CaMK 的结构高度相似,其成员可能在神经发育调控中发挥协同作用,但不同的 CaMK 也有各自的神经发育调控手段。在这篇综述中,我们首先描述了 CaMKI、CaMKII、eEF2K 和 CaMKIV 的可视化蛋白结构形式,然后描述了每种激酶在神经发育中的功能。之后,我们将重点介绍 CaMKs 造成神经发育损伤的四种主要机制:CaMKI/ERK/CREB通路抑制导致树突棘结构损伤;Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII通过诱导线粒体动力学紊乱导致神经发育损伤;CaMKIII/eEF2过度磷酸化影响突触可塑性的建立;CaMKIV/JNK/NF-κB通过诱导炎症反应导致神经发育损伤。最后,我们简要讨论了神经发育障碍中 CaMK 家族表达异常的病理生理学意义,以及传统 CaMKII 和 CaMKIII 拮抗剂对神经发育损伤的保护作用。
{"title":"Research advances on CaMKs-mediated neurodevelopmental injury","authors":"Lingxu Kong,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Huajie Yang,&nbsp;Bin Xu,&nbsp;Tianyao Yang,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03865-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03865-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are important proteins in the calcium signaling cascade response pathway, which can broadly regulate biological functions in vivo. Multifunctional CaMKs play key roles in neural development, including neuronal circuit building, synaptic plasticity establishment, and neurotrophic factor secretion. Currently, four familial proteins, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K, popularly known as CaMKIII) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV), are thought to have been the most extensively studied during neurodevelopment. Although their spatial structures are extremely similar, as well as the initial starting point of activation, both require the activation of calcium and calmodulin (CaM) complexes to be involved in the process, and the phosphorylation sites and modes of each member are different. Furthermore, due to the high structural similarity of CaMKs, their members may play synergistic roles in the regulation of neural development, but different CaMKs also have their own means of regulating neural development. In this review, we first describe the visualized protein structural forms of CaMKI, CaMKII, eEF2K and CaMKIV, and then describe the functions of each kinase in neurodevelopment. After that, we focus on four main mechanisms of neurodevelopmental damage caused by CaMKs: CaMKI/ERK/CREB pathway inhibition leading to dendritic spine structural damage; Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CaM/CaMKII through induction of mitochondrial kinetic disorders leading to neurodevelopmental damage; CaMKIII/eEF2 hyperphosphorylation affects the establishment of synaptic plasticity; and CaMKIV/JNK/NF-κB through induction of an inflammatory response leading to neurodevelopmental damage. In conclusion, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological significance of aberrant CaMK family expression in neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the protective effects of conventional CaMKII and CaMKIII antagonists against neurodevelopmental injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FGTN: Fragment-based graph transformer network for predicting reproductive toxicity FGTN:用于预测生殖毒性的片段图转换器网络
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03866-4
Jia-Nan Ren, Qiang Chen, Hong-Yu-Xiang Ye, Cheng Cao, Ya-Min Guo, Jin-Rong Yang, Hao Wang, Muhammad Zafar Irshad Khan, Jian-Zhong Chen

Reproductive toxicity is one of the important issues in chemical safety. Traditional laboratory testing methods are costly and time-consuming with raised ethical issues. Only a few in silico models have been reported to predict human reproductive toxicity, but none of them make full use of the topological information of compounds. In addition, most existing atom-based graph neural network methods focus on attributing model predictions to individual nodes or edges rather than chemically meaningful fragments or substructures. In current studies, we develop a novel fragment-based graph transformer network (FGTN) approach to generate the QSAR model of human reproductive toxicity by considering internal topological structure information of compounds. In the FGTN model, the compound is represented by a graph architecture using fragments to be nodes and bonds linking two fragments to be edges. A super molecule-level node is further proposed to connect all fragment nodes by undirected edges, obtaining global molecular features from fragment embeddings. The FGTN model achieved an accuracy (ACC) of 0.861 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.914 on nonredundant blind tests, outperforming traditional fingerprint-based machine learning models and atom-based GCN model. The FGTN model can attribute toxic predictions to fragments, generating specific structural alerts for the positive compound. Moreover, FGTN may also have the capability to distinguish various chemical isomers. We believe that FGTN can be used as a reliable and effective tool for human reproductive toxicity prediction in contribution to the advancement of chemical safety assessment.

生殖毒性是化学品安全的重要问题之一。传统的实验室测试方法成本高、耗时长,且存在伦理问题。据报道,目前只有少数硅学模型可以预测人类生殖毒性,但这些模型都没有充分利用化合物的拓扑信息。此外,大多数现有的基于原子的图神经网络方法侧重于将模型预测归因于单个节点或边,而不是具有化学意义的片段或子结构。在目前的研究中,我们开发了一种新颖的基于片段的图转换器网络(FGTN)方法,通过考虑化合物的内部拓扑结构信息来生成人类生殖毒性的 QSAR 模型。在 FGTN 模型中,化合物由图结构表示,以片段为节点,连接两个片段的键为边。此外,还提出了一个超级分子级节点,通过无向边连接所有片段节点,从而从片段嵌入中获取全局分子特征。在非冗余盲测中,FGTN 模型的准确度(ACC)达到了 0.861,接收者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)达到了 0.914,优于传统的基于指纹的机器学习模型和基于原子的 GCN 模型。FGTN 模型可将毒性预测归因于片段,为阳性化合物生成特定的结构警报。此外,FGTN 还具有区分各种化学异构体的能力。我们相信,FGTN 可以作为一种可靠而有效的工具,用于人类生殖毒性预测,为推进化学品安全评估做出贡献。
{"title":"FGTN: Fragment-based graph transformer network for predicting reproductive toxicity","authors":"Jia-Nan Ren,&nbsp;Qiang Chen,&nbsp;Hong-Yu-Xiang Ye,&nbsp;Cheng Cao,&nbsp;Ya-Min Guo,&nbsp;Jin-Rong Yang,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Muhammad Zafar Irshad Khan,&nbsp;Jian-Zhong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03866-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03866-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reproductive toxicity is one of the important issues in chemical safety. Traditional laboratory testing methods are costly and time-consuming with raised ethical issues. Only a few in silico models have been reported to predict human reproductive toxicity, but none of them make full use of the topological information of compounds. In addition, most existing atom-based graph neural network methods focus on attributing model predictions to individual nodes or edges rather than chemically meaningful fragments or substructures. In current studies, we develop a novel fragment-based graph transformer network (FGTN) approach to generate the QSAR model of human reproductive toxicity by considering internal topological structure information of compounds. In the FGTN model, the compound is represented by a graph architecture using fragments to be nodes and bonds linking two fragments to be edges. A super molecule-level node is further proposed to connect all fragment nodes by undirected edges, obtaining global molecular features from fragment embeddings. The FGTN model achieved an accuracy (ACC) of 0.861 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.914 on nonredundant blind tests, outperforming traditional fingerprint-based machine learning models and atom-based GCN model. The FGTN model can attribute toxic predictions to fragments, generating specific structural alerts for the positive compound. Moreover, FGTN may also have the capability to distinguish various chemical isomers. We believe that FGTN can be used as a reliable and effective tool for human reproductive toxicity prediction in contribution to the advancement of chemical safety assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and genetic variants in the cGAS–STING pathway affect the risk of colorectal cancer 多环芳烃与 cGAS-STING 通路中的遗传变异之间的相互作用会影响罹患结直肠癌的风险
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03862-8
Jieyu Zhou, Dongzheng Li, Menghuan Xu, Tianru Zhu, Zhengyi Li, Zan Fu, Meilin Wang, Shuwei Li, Dongying Gu

The cGAS–STING pathway plays an essential role in the activation of tumor immune cells. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants with potential carcinogenicity, and their exposure is associated with the development of colorectal cancer. However, the impacts of genetic factors in the cGAS‒STING pathway and gene‒environment interactions on colorectal cancer remain understudied. We used logistic regression models and interaction analysis to evaluate the impact of genetic variants on colorectal cancer risk and gene‒environment interactions. We analysed the expression patterns of candidate genes based on the RNA-seq data. Molecular biology experiments were performed to investigate the impact of PAHs exposure on candidate gene expression and the progression of colorectal cancer. We identified the susceptibility locus rs3750511 in the cGAS‒STING pathway, which is associated with colorectal cancer risk. A negative interaction between TRAF2 rs3750511 and PAHs exposure was also identified. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly elevated expression of TRAF2 in colorectal cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, especially in T cells. BPDE exposure increased TRAF2 expression and the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. The treatment also further increased the expression of the TRAF2 downstream gene NF-κB and decreased the expression of Caspase8. Our results suggest that the genetic variant of rs3750511 affects the expression of TRAF2, thereby increasing the risk of colorectal cancer through interaction with PAHs. Our study provides new insights into the influence of gene‒environment interactions on the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

cGAS-STING 通路在激活肿瘤免疫细胞方面起着至关重要的作用。多环芳烃(PAHs)是具有潜在致癌性的环境污染物,暴露于这种物质与结直肠癌的发生有关。然而,cGAS-STING 通路中的遗传因素以及基因与环境的相互作用对结直肠癌的影响仍未得到充分研究。我们使用逻辑回归模型和交互分析来评估遗传变异对结直肠癌风险和基因-环境交互作用的影响。我们根据 RNA-seq 数据分析了候选基因的表达模式。我们进行了分子生物学实验,研究多环芳烃暴露对候选基因表达和结直肠癌进展的影响。我们在 cGAS-STING 通路中发现了与结直肠癌风险相关的易感位点 rs3750511。我们还发现 TRAF2 rs3750511 与多环芳烃暴露之间存在负交互作用。单细胞RNA-seq分析显示,与正常组织相比,TRAF2在结直肠癌组织中的表达明显升高,尤其是在T细胞中。暴露于 BPDE 会增加 TRAF2 的表达和结直肠癌细胞的恶性表型。处理还进一步增加了 TRAF2 下游基因 NF-κB 的表达,降低了 Caspase8 的表达。我们的研究结果表明,rs3750511 基因变异会影响 TRAF2 的表达,从而通过与多环芳烃的相互作用增加罹患结直肠癌的风险。我们的研究为基因-环境相互作用对结直肠癌发病风险的影响提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and genetic variants in the cGAS–STING pathway affect the risk of colorectal cancer","authors":"Jieyu Zhou,&nbsp;Dongzheng Li,&nbsp;Menghuan Xu,&nbsp;Tianru Zhu,&nbsp;Zhengyi Li,&nbsp;Zan Fu,&nbsp;Meilin Wang,&nbsp;Shuwei Li,&nbsp;Dongying Gu","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03862-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03862-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cGAS–STING pathway plays an essential role in the activation of tumor immune cells. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants with potential carcinogenicity, and their exposure is associated with the development of colorectal cancer. However, the impacts of genetic factors in the cGAS‒STING pathway and gene‒environment interactions on colorectal cancer remain understudied. We used logistic regression models and interaction analysis to evaluate the impact of genetic variants on colorectal cancer risk and gene‒environment interactions. We analysed the expression patterns of candidate genes based on the RNA-seq data. Molecular biology experiments were performed to investigate the impact of PAHs exposure on candidate gene expression and the progression of colorectal cancer. We identified the susceptibility locus rs3750511 in the cGAS‒STING pathway, which is associated with colorectal cancer risk. A negative interaction between <i>TRAF2</i> rs3750511 and PAHs exposure was also identified. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly elevated expression of <i>TRAF2</i> in colorectal cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, especially in T cells. BPDE exposure increased <i>TRAF2</i> expression and the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. The treatment also further increased the expression of the <i>TRAF2</i> downstream gene <i>NF-κB</i> and decreased the expression of <i>Caspase8</i>. Our results suggest that the genetic variant of rs3750511 affects the expression of <i>TRAF2</i>, thereby increasing the risk of colorectal cancer through interaction with PAHs. Our study provides new insights into the influence of gene‒environment interactions on the risk of developing colorectal cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fullerene and fullerene whisker are not carcinogenic to the lungs and pleura in rat long-term study after 2-week intra-tracheal intrapulmonary administration 大鼠气管内肺部给药 2 周后的长期研究表明,富勒烯和富勒烯晶须不会对肺部和胸膜产生致癌作用
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03863-7
Asraful Nahar Sheema, Aya Naiki-Ito, Anna Kakehashi, Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed, David B. Alexander, William T. Alexander, Takamasa Numano, Hiroyuki Kato, Yuko Goto, Hiroshi Takase, Akihiko Hirose, Takatsugu Wakahara, Kun’ichi Miyazawa, Satoru Takahashi, Hiroyuki Tsuda

Fullerene whiskers (FLW)s are thin rod-like structures composed of C60 and C70 fullerene (FL). The shape of FLWs suggests potential toxic effects including carcinogenicity to the lung and pleura, similar to effects elicited by asbestos and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)s. However, no long-term carcinogenic studies of FL or FLW have been conducted. In the present study we investigated the pulmonary and pleural carcinogenicity of FL and FLW. Twelve-week-old male F344 rats were administered 0.25 or 0.5 mg FL, FLW, MWCNT-7, and MWCNT-N by intra-tracheal intra-pulmonary spraying (TIPS). Acute lung lesions and carcinogenicity were analyzed at 1 and 104 weeks after 8 doses/15 days TIPS administration. At week 1, FLW, MWCNT-7, and MWCNT-N significantly increased alveolar macrophage infiltration. Expression of Ccl2 and Ccl3, reactive oxygen species production, and cell proliferation were significantly increased by administration of MWCNT-7 and MWCNT-N but not FL or FLW. At week 104, the incidence of bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma plus adenocarcinoma was significantly increased in the MWCNT-7 and MWCNT-N groups, and the incidence of mesothelioma was significantly increased in the MWCNT-7 group. No significant induction of pulmonary or pleural tumorigenesis was observed in the FL or FLW groups. The number of 8-OHdG-positive cells in the alveolar epithelium was significantly increased in the MWCNT-7 and MWCNT-N groups but not in the FL or FLW groups. FL and FLW did not exert pulmonary or pleural carcinogenicity in our study. In addition, oxidative DNA damage was implicated in MWCNT-induced lung carcinogenesis, suggesting that it may be a useful initial marker of carcinogenicity.

富勒烯晶须(FLW)是由 C60 和 C70 富勒烯(FL)组成的细棒状结构。富勒烯晶须的形状表明其具有潜在的毒性作用,包括对肺部和胸膜的致癌性,类似于石棉和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的致癌作用。然而,目前尚未对 FL 或 FLW 进行长期致癌研究。在本研究中,我们调查了 FL 和 FLW 的肺部和胸膜致癌性。通过气管内肺内喷射(TIPS)给 12 周大的雄性 F344 大鼠注射 0.25 或 0.5 毫克 FL、FLW、MWCNT-7 和 MWCNT-N。在 8 次/15 天 TIPS 给药后的 1 周和 104 周,对急性肺部病变和致癌性进行了分析。在第 1 周,FLW、MWCNT-7 和 MWCNT-N 显著增加了肺泡巨噬细胞浸润。施用 MWCNT-7 和 MWCNT-N 能显著增加 Ccl2 和 Ccl3 的表达、活性氧的产生和细胞增殖,而 FL 或 FLW 则不能。在第 104 周,MWCNT-7 和 MWCNT-N 组的支气管肺泡腺瘤和腺癌发病率显著增加,MWCNT-7 组的间皮瘤发病率显著增加。FL 组和 FLW 组未观察到肺或胸膜肿瘤发生的明显诱导。肺泡上皮细胞中 8-OHdG 阳性细胞的数量在 MWCNT-7 组和 MWCNT-N 组中显著增加,而在 FL 组或 FLW 组中没有增加。在我们的研究中,FL 和 FLW 不具有肺或胸膜致癌性。此外,氧化 DNA 损伤与 MWCNT 诱导的肺癌发生有关,这表明它可能是致癌的一个有用的初始标记。
{"title":"Fullerene and fullerene whisker are not carcinogenic to the lungs and pleura in rat long-term study after 2-week intra-tracheal intrapulmonary administration","authors":"Asraful Nahar Sheema,&nbsp;Aya Naiki-Ito,&nbsp;Anna Kakehashi,&nbsp;Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed,&nbsp;David B. Alexander,&nbsp;William T. Alexander,&nbsp;Takamasa Numano,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kato,&nbsp;Yuko Goto,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takase,&nbsp;Akihiko Hirose,&nbsp;Takatsugu Wakahara,&nbsp;Kun’ichi Miyazawa,&nbsp;Satoru Takahashi,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Tsuda","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03863-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03863-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fullerene whiskers (FLW)s are thin rod-like structures composed of C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> fullerene (FL). The shape of FLWs suggests potential toxic effects including carcinogenicity to the lung and pleura, similar to effects elicited by asbestos and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)s. However, no long-term carcinogenic studies of FL or FLW have been conducted. In the present study we investigated the pulmonary and pleural carcinogenicity of FL and FLW. Twelve-week-old male F344 rats were administered 0.25 or 0.5 mg FL, FLW, MWCNT-7, and MWCNT-N by intra-tracheal intra-pulmonary spraying (TIPS). Acute lung lesions and carcinogenicity were analyzed at 1 and 104 weeks after 8 doses/15 days TIPS administration. At week 1, FLW, MWCNT-7, and MWCNT-N significantly increased alveolar macrophage infiltration. Expression of <i>Ccl2</i> and <i>Ccl3</i>, reactive oxygen species production, and cell proliferation were significantly increased by administration of MWCNT-7 and MWCNT-N but not FL or FLW. At week 104, the incidence of bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma plus adenocarcinoma was significantly increased in the MWCNT-7 and MWCNT-N groups, and the incidence of mesothelioma was significantly increased in the MWCNT-7 group. No significant induction of pulmonary or pleural tumorigenesis was observed in the FL or FLW groups. The number of 8-OHdG-positive cells in the alveolar epithelium was significantly increased in the MWCNT-7 and MWCNT-N groups but not in the FL or FLW groups. FL and FLW did not exert pulmonary or pleural carcinogenicity in our study. In addition, oxidative DNA damage was implicated in MWCNT-induced lung carcinogenesis, suggesting that it may be a useful initial marker of carcinogenicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00204-024-03863-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The phytochemical plumbagin: mechanism behind its “pleiotropic” nature and potential as an anticancer treatment 植物化学物质 plumbagin:其 "多效性 "背后的机制及其作为抗癌疗法的潜力
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03861-9
Shikshya Swarupa Panda, Bijesh Kumar Biswal

Chemotherapeutics are most often used to treat cancer, but side effects, drug resistance, and toxicity often compromise their effectiveness. In contrast, phytocompound plumbagin possesses a distinct pleiotropic nature, targeting multiple signaling pathways, such as ROS generation, cell death, cellular proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance, and is shown to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Plumbagin has been shown to act synergistically with various chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance their efficacy in drug-resistant cancers. The pleiotropic nature is believed to be due to plumbagin's unique structure, which contains a naphthoquinone ring and a hydroxyl group responsible for plumbagin's various biological responses. Despite limitations such as restricted bioavailability and delivery, recent developments aim to address these challenges and harness the potential of plumbagin as an anticancer therapeutics. This review delves into the structural aspect of the plumbagin molecule contributing to its pleiotropic nature, explores the diverse mechanism that it targets, and discusses emerging strategies to overcome its limitations.

化疗药物最常用于治疗癌症,但副作用、耐药性和毒性往往会影响其疗效。相比之下,植物化合物 Plumbagin 具有明显的多效性,可针对多种信号通路,如 ROS 生成、细胞死亡、细胞增殖、转移和耐药性,并能增强化疗药物的疗效。研究表明,Plumbagin 能与各种化疗药物协同作用,增强它们对耐药性癌症的疗效。这种多效性被认为是由于 Plumbagin 的独特结构造成的,该结构包含一个萘醌环和一个羟基,羟基负责 Plumbagin 的各种生物反应。尽管存在生物利用度和给药方式受限等局限性,但最近的研究进展旨在应对这些挑战,并利用刺五加苷作为抗癌疗法的潜力。本综述深入探讨了造成 plumbagin 多效应性质的 plumbagin 分子结构方面的问题,探讨了 plumbagin 针对的各种机制,并讨论了克服其局限性的新策略。
{"title":"The phytochemical plumbagin: mechanism behind its “pleiotropic” nature and potential as an anticancer treatment","authors":"Shikshya Swarupa Panda,&nbsp;Bijesh Kumar Biswal","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03861-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03861-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemotherapeutics are most often used to treat cancer, but side effects, drug resistance, and toxicity often compromise their effectiveness. In contrast, phytocompound plumbagin possesses a distinct pleiotropic nature, targeting multiple signaling pathways, such as ROS generation, cell death, cellular proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance, and is shown to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Plumbagin has been shown to act synergistically with various chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance their efficacy in drug-resistant cancers. The pleiotropic nature is believed to be due to plumbagin's unique structure, which contains a naphthoquinone ring and a hydroxyl group responsible for plumbagin's various biological responses. Despite limitations such as restricted bioavailability and delivery, recent developments aim to address these challenges and harness the potential of plumbagin as an anticancer therapeutics. This review delves into the structural aspect of the plumbagin molecule contributing to its pleiotropic nature, explores the diverse mechanism that it targets, and discusses emerging strategies to overcome its limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MicroRNAs in fluorosis pathogenesis: impact on dental, skeletal, and soft tissues 氟中毒发病机制中的微小核糖核酸:对牙齿、骨骼和软组织的影响
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03853-9
Suryaa Manoharan, Syed Saadullah Ashfaq, Ekambaram Perumal

Fluoride-induced toxicity (fluorosis) poses a significant health concern globally, affecting millions of individuals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying fluorosis, particularly the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review explores the pivotal role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fluorosis, particularly examining its impact on both hard (skeletal and dental) and soft (brain, liver, kidney, heart, and reproductive organs) tissues. Skeletal fluorosis manifests as abnormal bone mineralization and structure, while dental fluorosis affects enamel formation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest a significant involvement of miRNAs in the progression of these conditions. For skeletal fluorosis, miR-124, miR-155, and miR-200c-3p have been identified as key regulators, while miR-296-5p and miR-214-3p are implicated in dental fluorosis. Moreover, soft tissue fluorosis encompasses a spectrum of adverse effects on various organs, including the brain, liver, kidneys, heart, and reproductive system. In soft tissues, miRNAs, such as miR-124, miR-200c-3p, miR-132, and miR-34b-5p, have been linked to cellular damage and dysfunction. Notably, miRNAs exert their effects through the modulation of critical pathways involved in fluorosis pathology, including Wnt signaling, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy. Understanding the regulatory roles of miRNAs in fluorosis pathogenesis holds promise for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated responses to fluoride exposure. Integration of miRNA research into fluorosis studies could facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, thus mitigating the detrimental effects of fluorosis on both hard and soft tissues.

氟化物引起的毒性(氟中毒)是全球关注的一个重大健康问题,影响着数百万人。了解氟中毒的分子机制,尤其是微小核糖核酸(miRNA)的作用,对于制定有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要。本综述探讨了 miRNAs 在氟中毒发病机制中的关键作用,特别是研究了它对硬组织(骨骼和牙齿)和软组织(脑、肝、肾、心脏和生殖器官)的影响。骨骼氟中毒表现为骨骼矿化和结构异常,而牙齿氟中毒则影响牙釉质的形成。体外和体内研究表明,miRNA 在这些病症的发展过程中起着重要作用。在骨骼氟中毒中,miR-124、miR-155 和 miR-200c-3p 被认为是关键的调节因子,而 miR-296-5p 和 miR-214-3p 则与氟斑牙有关。此外,软组织氟中毒包括对大脑、肝脏、肾脏、心脏和生殖系统等各种器官的一系列不良影响。在软组织中,miRNA(如 miR-124、miR-200c-3p、miR-132 和 miR-34b-5p)与细胞损伤和功能障碍有关。值得注意的是,miRNAs 是通过调节氟中毒病理过程中的关键通路(包括 Wnt 信号转导、细胞凋亡、细胞周期和自噬)来发挥其作用的。了解 miRNA 在氟中毒发病机制中的调控作用,有望确定生物标志物和治疗靶点。然而,要阐明 miRNA 介导的氟暴露反应的分子机制,还需要进一步的研究。将 miRNA 研究纳入氟中毒研究可促进诊断工具和治疗干预措施的开发,从而减轻氟中毒对软硬组织的有害影响。
{"title":"MicroRNAs in fluorosis pathogenesis: impact on dental, skeletal, and soft tissues","authors":"Suryaa Manoharan,&nbsp;Syed Saadullah Ashfaq,&nbsp;Ekambaram Perumal","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03853-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03853-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluoride-induced toxicity (fluorosis) poses a significant health concern globally, affecting millions of individuals. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying fluorosis, particularly the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This review explores the pivotal role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of fluorosis, particularly examining its impact on both hard (skeletal and dental) and soft (brain, liver, kidney, heart, and reproductive organs) tissues. Skeletal fluorosis manifests as abnormal bone mineralization and structure, while dental fluorosis affects enamel formation. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest a significant involvement of miRNAs in the progression of these conditions. For skeletal fluorosis, miR-124, miR-155, and miR-200c-3p have been identified as key regulators, while miR-296-5p and miR-214-3p are implicated in dental fluorosis. Moreover, soft tissue fluorosis encompasses a spectrum of adverse effects on various organs, including the brain, liver, kidneys, heart, and reproductive system. In soft tissues, miRNAs, such as miR-124, miR-200c-3p, miR-132, and miR-34b-5p, have been linked to cellular damage and dysfunction. Notably, miRNAs exert their effects through the modulation of critical pathways involved in fluorosis pathology, including Wnt signaling, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy. Understanding the regulatory roles of miRNAs in fluorosis pathogenesis holds promise for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated responses to fluoride exposure. Integration of miRNA research into fluorosis studies could facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, thus mitigating the detrimental effects of fluorosis on both hard and soft tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards characterization of cell culture conditions for reliable proteomic analysis: in vitro studies on A549, differentiated THP-1, and NR8383 cell lines 为可靠的蛋白质组分析确定细胞培养条件的特征:A549、分化的 THP-1 和 NR8383 细胞系的体外研究
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03858-4
Rico Ledwith, Tobias Stobernack, Antje Bergert, Aileen Bahl, Mario Pink, Andrea Haase, Verónica I. Dumit

Proteomic investigations result in high dimensional datasets, but integration or comparison of different studies is hampered by high variances due to different experimental setups. In addition, cell culture conditions can have a huge impact on the outcome. This study systematically investigates the impact of experimental parameters on the proteomic profiles of commonly used cell lines—A549, differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells, and NR8383—for toxicity studies. The work focuses on analyzing the influence at the proteome level of cell culture setup involving different vessels, cell passage numbers, and post-differentiation harvesting time, aiming to improve the reliability of proteomic analyses for hazard assessment. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics was utilized for accurate protein quantification by means of a label-free approach. Our results showed that significant proteome variations occur when cells are cultivated under different setups. Further analysis of these variations revealed their association to specific cellular pathways related to protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and proteasome activity. Conversely, the influence of cell passage numbers on the proteome is minor, suggesting a reliable range for conducting reproducible biological replicates. Notable, substantial proteome alterations occur over-time post-differentiation of dTHP-1 cells, particularly impacting pathways crucial for macrophage function. This finding is key for the interpretation of experimental results. These results highlight the need for standardized culture conditions in proteomic-based evaluations of treatment effects to ensure reliable results, a prerequisite for achieving regulatory acceptance of proteomics data.

蛋白质组学研究产生了高维数据集,但由于实验设置不同,差异很大,因此无法对不同研究进行整合或比较。此外,细胞培养条件也会对研究结果产生巨大影响。本研究系统地探讨了实验参数对常用细胞系--A549、分化的 THP-1 巨噬细胞样细胞和 NR8383--毒性研究蛋白质组谱的影响。这项工作的重点是分析不同容器、细胞通过数和分化后收获时间等细胞培养设置在蛋白质组水平上的影响,旨在提高用于危害评估的蛋白质组分析的可靠性。我们利用基于质谱仪的蛋白质组学,通过无标记方法对蛋白质进行了精确定量。我们的研究结果表明,在不同设置下培养细胞时,蛋白质组会发生显著变化。对这些变化的进一步分析表明,它们与蛋白质错误折叠、氧化应激和蛋白酶体活性相关的特定细胞通路有关。相反,细胞通过数对蛋白质组的影响很小,这表明进行可重复生物复制的范围是可靠的。值得注意的是,随着时间的推移,dTHP-1 细胞分化后的蛋白质组发生了重大改变,尤其是对巨噬细胞功能至关重要的通路产生了影响。这一发现是解释实验结果的关键。这些结果突出表明,在基于蛋白质组学的治疗效果评估中,需要标准化的培养条件,以确保结果的可靠性,这是蛋白质组学数据获得监管部门认可的前提条件。
{"title":"Towards characterization of cell culture conditions for reliable proteomic analysis: in vitro studies on A549, differentiated THP-1, and NR8383 cell lines","authors":"Rico Ledwith,&nbsp;Tobias Stobernack,&nbsp;Antje Bergert,&nbsp;Aileen Bahl,&nbsp;Mario Pink,&nbsp;Andrea Haase,&nbsp;Verónica I. Dumit","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03858-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03858-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proteomic investigations result in high dimensional datasets, but integration or comparison of different studies is hampered by high variances due to different experimental setups. In addition, cell culture conditions can have a huge impact on the outcome. This study systematically investigates the impact of experimental parameters on the proteomic profiles of commonly used cell lines—A549, differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells, and NR8383—for toxicity studies. The work focuses on analyzing the influence at the proteome level of cell culture setup involving different vessels, cell passage numbers, and post-differentiation harvesting time, aiming to improve the reliability of proteomic analyses for hazard assessment. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics was utilized for accurate protein quantification by means of a label-free approach. Our results showed that significant proteome variations occur when cells are cultivated under different setups. Further analysis of these variations revealed their association to specific cellular pathways related to protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and proteasome activity. Conversely, the influence of cell passage numbers on the proteome is minor, suggesting a reliable range for conducting reproducible biological replicates. Notable, substantial proteome alterations occur over-time post-differentiation of dTHP-1 cells, particularly impacting pathways crucial for macrophage function. This finding is key for the interpretation of experimental results. These results highlight the need for standardized culture conditions in proteomic-based evaluations of treatment effects to ensure reliable results, a prerequisite for achieving regulatory acceptance of proteomics data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00204-024-03858-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methodological steps forward in toxicological in vitro screening of mineral wools in primary rat alveolar macrophages and normal rat mesothelial NRM2 cells 在原代大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞和正常大鼠间皮细胞 NRM2 中体外筛选矿棉毒理学的方法步骤
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03855-7
Christina Ziemann, Florian Schulz, Christoph Koch, Mette Solvang, Annette Bitsch

Man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) comprise diverse materials for thermal and acoustic insulation, including stone wool. Depending on dimension, durability, and dose, MMVF might induce adverse health effects. Therefore, early predictive in vitro (geno)toxicity screening of new MMVF is highly desired to ensure safety for exposed workers and consumers. Here, we investigated, as a starting point, critical in vitro screening determinants and pitfalls using primary rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and normal rat mesothelial cells (NRM2). A stone wool fiber (RIF56008) served as an exemplary MMVF (fibrous vs. ground to estimate impact of fiber shape) and long amosite (asbestos) as insoluble fiber reference. Materials were comprehensively characterized, and in vivo-relevant in vitro concentrations defined, based on different approaches (low to supposed overload: 0.5, 5 and 50 µg/cm2). After 4–48 h of incubation, certain readouts were analyzed and material uptake was investigated by light and fluorescence-coupled darkfield microscopy. DNA-strand break induction was not morphology-dependent and nearly absent in both cell types. However, NRM2 demonstrated material-, morphology- and concentration-dependent membrane damage, CINC-1 release, reduction in cell count, and induction of binucleated cells (asbestos > RIF56008 > RIF56008 ground). In contrast to NRM2, asbestos was nearly inactive in AM, with CINC-1 release solely induced by RIF56008. In conclusion, to define an MMVF-adapted, predictive in vitro (geno)toxicity screening tool, references, endpoints, and concentrations should be carefully chosen, based on in vivo relevance, and sensitivity and specificity of the chosen cell model. Next, further endpoints should be evaluated, ideally with validation by in vivo data regarding their predictivity.

人造玻璃纤维(MMVF)包括各种用于隔热和隔音的材料,其中包括岩棉。根据尺寸、耐久性和剂量的不同,人造玻璃纤维可能会对健康产生不良影响。因此,我们非常需要对新型 MMVF 进行早期预测性体外(基因)毒性筛选,以确保接触这些材料的工人和消费者的安全。在此,我们以原代大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)和正常大鼠间皮细胞(NRM2)为起点,研究了体外筛选的关键决定因素和陷阱。石羊毛纤维(RIF56008)作为示范性 MMVF(纤维状与磨碎状,以估计纤维形状的影响),长铁石棉(石棉)作为不溶性纤维参考。根据不同的方法(从低负荷到假定超负荷:0.5、5 和 50 µg/cm2),对材料进行了全面的特征描述,并确定了体内相关的体外浓度。培养 4-48 小时后,分析了某些读数,并通过光和荧光耦合暗视野显微镜研究了材料吸收情况。DNA 链断裂诱导与形态无关,在两种细胞中几乎都不存在。然而,NRM2 表现出了与材料、形态和浓度相关的膜损伤、CINC-1 释放、细胞数量减少以及双核细胞诱导(石棉> RIF56008 >RIF56008地面)。与 NRM2 相反,石棉在 AM 中几乎没有活性,CINC-1 的释放仅由 RIF56008 诱导。总之,要确定一种与 MMVF 相适应的、具有预测性的体外(基因)毒性筛选工具,应根据所选细胞模型的体内相关性、敏感性和特异性,仔细选择参考点、终点和浓度。接下来,应评估进一步的终点,最好能通过体内数据验证其预测性。
{"title":"Methodological steps forward in toxicological in vitro screening of mineral wools in primary rat alveolar macrophages and normal rat mesothelial NRM2 cells","authors":"Christina Ziemann,&nbsp;Florian Schulz,&nbsp;Christoph Koch,&nbsp;Mette Solvang,&nbsp;Annette Bitsch","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03855-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03855-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) comprise diverse materials for thermal and acoustic insulation, including stone wool. Depending on dimension, durability, and dose, MMVF might induce adverse health effects. Therefore, early predictive in vitro (geno)toxicity screening of new MMVF is highly desired to ensure safety for exposed workers and consumers. Here, we investigated, as a starting point, critical in vitro screening determinants and pitfalls using primary rat alveolar macrophages (AM) and normal rat mesothelial cells (NRM2). A stone wool fiber (RIF56008) served as an exemplary MMVF (fibrous vs. ground to estimate impact of fiber shape) and long amosite (asbestos) as insoluble fiber reference. Materials were comprehensively characterized, and in vivo-relevant in vitro concentrations defined, based on different approaches (low to supposed overload: 0.5, 5 and 50 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>). After 4–48 h of incubation, certain readouts were analyzed and material uptake was investigated by light and fluorescence-coupled darkfield microscopy. DNA-strand break induction was not morphology-dependent and nearly absent in both cell types. However, NRM2 demonstrated material-, morphology- and concentration-dependent membrane damage, CINC-1 release, reduction in cell count, and induction of binucleated cells (asbestos &gt; RIF56008 &gt; RIF56008 ground). In contrast to NRM2, asbestos was nearly inactive in AM, with CINC-1 release solely induced by RIF56008. In conclusion, to define an MMVF-adapted, predictive in vitro (geno)toxicity screening tool, references, endpoints, and concentrations should be carefully chosen, based on in vivo relevance, and sensitivity and specificity of the chosen cell model. Next, further endpoints should be evaluated, ideally with validation by in vivo data regarding their predictivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00204-024-03855-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interleukin-9 promotes EMT-mediated PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating the STAT3 pathway 白细胞介素-9通过激活STAT3通路促进EMT介导的PM2.5诱导的肺纤维化
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03864-6
Yuxuan Li, Yi Zhong, Chenwen Li, Zhixia Han, Yan Cui, Renjiang He, Yingyi Liu, Qinlin Cui, Daping He, Zhengquan Hu, Qingbi Zhang, Jun Bai

This study investigated the impact of PM2.5 on promoting EMT in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) development and explored molecular mechanisms of the IL-9/STAT3/Snail/TWIST1 signaling pathway in PF owing to PM2.5. Four groups of male SD rats were formed: control (0 mg/kg.bw), low (1 mg/kg.bw), medium (5 mg/kg.bw), and high-dose (25 mg/kg.bw) PM2.5 groups. Experimental rats were subjected to PM2.5 exposure via intratracheal instillation, given once weekly for 16 weeks. 24 h after the final exposure, blood, BALF, and lung tissues were collected. Pulmonary epithelial cells underwent cultivation and exposure to varying PM2.5 concentrations with/without inhibitors for 24 h, after which total protein was extracted for relevant protein assays. The findings demonstrated that PM2.5 damaged lung tissue to different degrees and led to PF in rats. Rats subjected to PM2.5 exposure exhibited elevated concentrations of IL-9 protein in both serum and BALF, and elevated levels of IL-9 and its receptor, IL-9R, in lung tissues, compared to control counterparts. Furthermore, PM2.5-exposed groups demonstrated significantly augmented protein levels of p-STAT3, Snail, TWIST1, Vimentin, COL-I, and α-SMA, while displaying notably diminished levels of E-Cadherin compared to control group. The same findings were observed in PM2.5-treated cells. In BEAS-2B cells co-treated with Stattic (STAT3 inhibitor) and PM2.5, the opposite results occurred. Similar results were obtained for cells co-treated with IL-9-neutralizing antibody and PM2.5. Our findings suggest PM2.5 mediates PF development by promoting IL-9 expression, leading to STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulation of Snail and TWIST1 expression, triggering EMT occurrence and progression in lung epithelial cells.

本研究探讨了PM2.5对促进PM2.5诱导的肺纤维化(PF)发展中EMT的影响,并探索了PM2.5导致的PF中IL-9/STAT3/Snail/TWIST1信号通路的分子机制。雄性SD大鼠分为四组:对照组(0 mg/kg.bw)、低剂量组(1 mg/kg.bw)、中剂量组(5 mg/kg.bw)和高剂量组(25 mg/kg.bw)。实验鼠通过气管内灌注接触 PM2.5,每周一次,持续 16 周。最终暴露 24 小时后,收集血液、BALF 和肺组织。培养肺上皮细胞并将其暴露于不同浓度的PM2.5(含/不含抑制剂)中24小时,然后提取总蛋白进行相关蛋白检测。研究结果表明,PM2.5 对大鼠的肺组织造成了不同程度的损伤,并导致了 PF。与对照组相比,暴露于PM2.5的大鼠血清和BALF中的IL-9蛋白浓度升高,肺组织中的IL-9及其受体IL-9R水平升高。此外,与对照组相比,PM2.5 暴露组的 p-STAT3、Snail、TWIST1、Vimentin、COL-I 和 α-SMA 蛋白水平明显升高,而 E-Cadherin 水平明显降低。在 PM2.5 处理的细胞中也观察到了同样的结果。在用 Stattic(STAT3 抑制剂)和 PM2.5 联合处理的 BEAS-2B 细胞中,出现了相反的结果。用 IL-9 中和抗体和 PM2.5 联合处理的细胞也得到了类似的结果。我们的研究结果表明,PM2.5通过促进IL-9的表达,导致STAT3磷酸化、Snail和TWIST1表达上调,引发肺上皮细胞EMT的发生和发展,从而介导PF的发展。
{"title":"Interleukin-9 promotes EMT-mediated PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating the STAT3 pathway","authors":"Yuxuan Li,&nbsp;Yi Zhong,&nbsp;Chenwen Li,&nbsp;Zhixia Han,&nbsp;Yan Cui,&nbsp;Renjiang He,&nbsp;Yingyi Liu,&nbsp;Qinlin Cui,&nbsp;Daping He,&nbsp;Zhengquan Hu,&nbsp;Qingbi Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Bai","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03864-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03864-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the impact of PM<sub>2.5</sub> on promoting EMT in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) development and explored molecular mechanisms of the IL-9/STAT3/Snail/TWIST1 signaling pathway in PF owing to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Four groups of male SD rats were formed: control (0 mg/kg.bw), low (1 mg/kg.bw), medium (5 mg/kg.bw), and high-dose (25 mg/kg.bw) PM<sub>2.5</sub> groups. Experimental rats were subjected to PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure via intratracheal instillation, given once weekly for 16 weeks. 24 h after the final exposure, blood, BALF, and lung tissues were collected. Pulmonary epithelial cells underwent cultivation and exposure to varying PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations with/without inhibitors for 24 h, after which total protein was extracted for relevant protein assays. The findings demonstrated that PM<sub>2.5</sub> damaged lung tissue to different degrees and led to PF in rats. Rats subjected to PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure exhibited elevated concentrations of IL-9 protein in both serum and BALF, and elevated levels of IL-9 and its receptor, IL-9R, in lung tissues, compared to control counterparts. Furthermore, PM<sub>2.5</sub>-exposed groups demonstrated significantly augmented protein levels of p-STAT3, Snail, TWIST1, Vimentin, COL-I, and α-SMA, while displaying notably diminished levels of E-Cadherin compared to control group. The same findings were observed in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-treated cells. In BEAS-2B cells co-treated with Stattic (STAT3 inhibitor) and PM<sub>2.5</sub>, the opposite results occurred. Similar results were obtained for cells co-treated with IL-9-neutralizing antibody and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Our findings suggest PM<sub>2.5</sub> mediates PF development by promoting IL-9 expression, leading to STAT3 phosphorylation and upregulation of Snail and TWIST1 expression, triggering EMT occurrence and progression in lung epithelial cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escaping the cohort of concern: in vitro experimental evidence supports non-mutagenicity of N-nitroso-hydrochlorothiazide 逃离关注人群:体外实验证据支持 N-亚硝基-氢氯噻嗪的非突变性
IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03859-3
R. D. Gandhi, S. Hickert, Y. Hoevelmann, C. D. Mee, J. Schlingemann, A. Adams, A. Blanazs, S. Simon, J. Elloway, L. Rigger, A. Teasdale, C. V. Beaumont, L. Wright, A. Doherty

In recent years, nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals have been subject to intense regulatory scrutiny, with nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) treated as cohort of concern impurities, regardless of predicted mutagenic potential. Here, we describe a case study of the NDSRI N-nitroso-hydrochlorothiazide (NO-HCTZ), which was positive in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test but is unstable under the test conditions, generating formaldehyde among other products. The mutagenic profile of NO-HCTZ was inconsistent with that expected of a mutagenic nitrosamine, exhibiting mutagenicity in the absence of metabolic activation, and instead aligned well with that of formaldehyde. To assess further, a modified Ames system including glutathione (3.3 mg/plate) to remove formaldehyde was developed. Strains used were S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and E. coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101. In this system, formaldehyde levels were considerably lower, with a concomitant increase in levels of S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione (the adduct formed between glutathione and formaldehyde). Upon retesting NO-HCTZ in the modified system (1.6–5000 µg/plate), a clear decrease in the mutagenic response was observed in the strains in which NO-HCTZ was mutagenic in the original system (TA98, TA100, and WP2 uvrA/pKM101), indicating that formaldehyde drives the response, not NO-HCTZ. In strain TA1535, an increase in revertant colonies was observed in the modified system, likely due to a thiatriazine degradation product formed from NO-HCTZ under Ames test conditions. Overall, these data support a non-mutagenic designation for NO-HCTZ and demonstrate the value of further investigation when a positive Ames result does not align with the expected profile.

近年来,药品中的亚硝胺杂质受到了监管部门的严格审查,亚硝胺药物物质相关杂质(NDSRI)被视为一组关注杂质,而不管预测的致突变潜力如何。在这里,我们描述了一项关于 NDSRI N-亚硝基-氢氯噻嗪(NO-HCTZ)的案例研究,该物质在细菌反向突变(艾姆斯)试验中呈阳性,但在试验条件下不稳定,会产生甲醛等产物。NO-HCTZ 的致突变特征与亚硝胺的致突变特征不一致,在没有新陈代谢活化的情况下表现出致突变性,而与甲醛的致突变特征非常一致。为了进一步评估,开发了一种改进的阿姆斯系统,其中包括谷胱甘肽(3.3 毫克/板)来清除甲醛。所用菌株为伤寒杆菌 TA98、TA100、TA1535 和 TA1537 以及大肠杆菌 WP2 uvrA/pKM101。在这一系统中,甲醛含量大大降低,S-(羟甲基)谷胱甘肽(谷胱甘肽与甲醛之间形成的加合物)的含量也随之增加。在改良系统(1.6-5000 微克/板)中重新测试 NO-HCTZ 后,在原始系统中 NO-HCTZ 具有诱变作用的菌株(TA98、TA100 和 WP2 uvrA/pKM101)中观察到诱变反应明显降低,这表明是甲醛而不是 NO-HCTZ 驱动了诱变反应。在菌株 TA1535 中,改良系统中观察到返祖菌落增加,这可能是由于 NO-HCTZ 在艾姆斯试验条件下形成了噻嗪降解产物。总之,这些数据支持NO-HCTZ的非致畸性命名,并证明了当阿姆斯试验的阳性结果与预期结果不一致时,进一步调查的价值。
{"title":"Escaping the cohort of concern: in vitro experimental evidence supports non-mutagenicity of N-nitroso-hydrochlorothiazide","authors":"R. D. Gandhi,&nbsp;S. Hickert,&nbsp;Y. Hoevelmann,&nbsp;C. D. Mee,&nbsp;J. Schlingemann,&nbsp;A. Adams,&nbsp;A. Blanazs,&nbsp;S. Simon,&nbsp;J. Elloway,&nbsp;L. Rigger,&nbsp;A. Teasdale,&nbsp;C. V. Beaumont,&nbsp;L. Wright,&nbsp;A. Doherty","doi":"10.1007/s00204-024-03859-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00204-024-03859-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, nitrosamine impurities in pharmaceuticals have been subject to intense regulatory scrutiny, with nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities (NDSRIs) treated as cohort of concern impurities, regardless of predicted mutagenic potential. Here, we describe a case study of the NDSRI <i>N</i>-nitroso-hydrochlorothiazide (NO-HCTZ), which was positive in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test but is unstable under the test conditions, generating formaldehyde among other products. The mutagenic profile of NO-HCTZ was inconsistent with that expected of a mutagenic nitrosamine, exhibiting mutagenicity in the absence of metabolic activation, and instead aligned well with that of formaldehyde. To assess further, a modified Ames system including glutathione (3.3 mg/plate) to remove formaldehyde was developed. Strains used were <i>S. typhimurium</i> TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537, and <i>E. coli</i> WP2 <i>uvrA</i>/pKM101. In this system, formaldehyde levels were considerably lower, with a concomitant increase in levels of S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione (the adduct formed between glutathione and formaldehyde). Upon retesting NO-HCTZ in the modified system (1.6–5000 µg/plate), a clear decrease in the mutagenic response was observed in the strains in which NO-HCTZ was mutagenic in the original system (TA98, TA100, and WP2 <i>uvrA</i>/pKM101), indicating that formaldehyde drives the response, not NO-HCTZ. In strain TA1535, an increase in revertant colonies was observed in the modified system, likely due to a thiatriazine degradation product formed from NO-HCTZ under Ames test conditions. Overall, these data support a non-mutagenic designation for NO-HCTZ and demonstrate the value of further investigation when a positive Ames result does not align with the expected profile.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8329,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00204-024-03859-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Archives of Toxicology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1