Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

Patients with COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) often present with long-term muscle weakness symptoms, which are closely related to metabolic disorders. Spike protein (SP) is the main structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, which can upregulate inflammatory factors and affect cell function. This study aims to explore the effect of spike protein on myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanism of action through protein metabolism analysis. The spike protein significantly inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, manifested as decreased cell density. Protein metabolism analysis revealed that after spike protein intervention, the pathways related to protein synthesis within cells were inhibited, while those related to protein degradation were activated, indicating that protein metabolism disorders might be an important mechanism of cell damage. FAK transfection can significantly improve cell damage caused by spike proteins, promote myogenic differentiation, and partially restore the normal expression of protein metabolic pathways.

Chronic inflammation associated with abnormal activation of macrophages is an important promoter of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. However, there are no effective strategies for mitigating chronic inflammation. This study demonstrated that Polygonatum kingianum (P.K.) can promote macrophages M2 polarisation and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The mechanism involved P.K. upregulation of Mef2d expression, a key gene involved in M2 macrophage polarisation. Mef2d targeted and promoted the expression of Rufy4, thereby activating autophagy and ultimately resulting in M2 macrophage polarisation. P.K. significantly increased the number of M2 macrophages in the bone marrow and kidney while concurrently reducing the serum levels of CRP in a murine model of T2D. In summary, this study confirms that P.K. induces macrophage M2 polarisation via the Mef2d-Rufy4-autophagy pathway, which alleviates chronic inflammation associated with T2D. This study lays a foundation for the prevention and treatment of vascular complications in patients with T2D.

Background: Narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs and toxic drugs are categories of drugs strictly controlled, and their use and management must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the application effect of the PDCA cycle method in the management of anaesthetics, psychotropic and toxic drugs in primary-level traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and to analyse its mechanism of action in optimising drug management in combination with the theoretical basis of nervous system regulation.

Methods and results: After two rounds of PDCA cycle management, the management deficiencies of anaesthetics, psychotropic and toxic drugs were significantly reduced, and the rationality rate of prescriptions was significantly improved. The PDCA cycle method, combined with the theoretical basis of nervous system regulation, can effectively enhance the management level of anaesthetics.

Conclusion: The application of this method in drug management has significant theoretical and practical value and is worthy of promotion and application in primary medical institutions.

Backgound: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive decline, affecting memory, thinking, and behaviour. Its neuropathology includes amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.

Materials: Amyloid plaques consist of misfolded beta-amyloid protein, while tangles are made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein.

Method: After treatment with JWX-A1223, the APP/PS1 mice showed significant cognitive improvement in the Morris water maze test. They had shorter escape latency, reduced swimming distance, and longer stay time in the target quadrant, indicating enhanced spatial learning and memory.

Results: The treatment with JWX-A1223 also significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of tau protein at Ser202, Ser396 and Ser404 sites in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice, while increasing the phosphorylation levels at Ser473 site of Akt and Ser9 site of GSK3β.

Conslusion: It indicates that by regulating the activity of the Akt/GSK3β pathway, it alleviates the excessive phosphorylation of tau protein and thereby improves cognitive impairment.

Stroke rehabilitation traditionally focuses on restoring motor function through physical exercises and training. However, conventional methods often lack a strong theoretical basis from modern neuroscience. Integrating these technologies into rehabilitation protocols shifts the focus from peripheral movement to a brain-centred model, using objective biomarkers for assessment. The study involved 87 chronic stroke patients divided into three groups: Group A received rTMS and task-oriented training, Group B received sham rTMS and task-oriented training, and Group C received conventional rehabilitation and sham rTMS. The intervention lasted four weeks. Comprehensive assessments, were used to evaluate neurobiological and functional changes. Results showed that Group A exhibited significantly greater improvements in motor function, daily living activities, and muscle tone compared to the control groups. Neuroimaging revealed increased connectivity within the affected motor network and normalised interhemispheric balance in Group A. These findings support the effectiveness of the combined rTMS and task-oriented training approach.

Background: Minimally invasive lung resection combined with CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for multiple radiographic non-invasive lung cancer (mGGN-LC) is applicable to patients with multiple pulmonary nodules.

Materials and methods: The study adopted a prospective cohort design and included 40-60 patients with multiple radiographic non-invasive lung cancer who had surgical indications. The research focuses on analysing the incidence rate, manifestations and the effectiveness of diagnostic methods of postoperative nerve damage.

Results: Studies have shown that minimally invasive lung resection combined with CT-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for multiple radiographic non-invasive lung cancers is a safe and effective treatment strategy. The combination of thermal medical imaging diagnostic techniques can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications.

Conclusion: The diagnosis and management of postoperative nerve damage are of great significance in multimodal treatment. Through full-process imaging support and clinical assessment, the postoperative quality of life of patients can be effectively improved.

Oxidative stress induced by diets rich in trans-unsaturated fatty acids is well-documented. However, their organ-specific effects and the potential of antioxidant interventions remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of margarine intake, with or without chamomile water decoction (CWD) or intermittent fasting (IF), on oxidative status in young C57BL/6J mice over 16 weeks. Margarine-fed mice had elevated lipid peroxide (LOOH) levels in the kidneys (females) and cortex (both sexes), while levels were lower in muscle and unchanged in the heart of both sexes. Activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes were higher in both sexes of margarine-fed mice. The addition of CWD to margarine provided antioxidant protection in female kidneys and heart, but caused oxidative damage in male heart. The margarine with IF demonstrated tissue-specific antioxidant benefits. Thus, margarine induces oxidative stress in a sex- and tissue-specific way. CWD and IF can counteract these effects, offering potential protective strategies against margarine-induced oxidative stress.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurosurgical emergency with a high rate of disability and mortality. In the treatment of TBI, apart from timely and effective clinical intervention measures, reasonable nutritional support also plays a significant role, among which protein nutrition intervention has attracted particular attention.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a clinical decision support system (CDSS), namely the T system, to automatically analyse the medical text data of TBI patients and output treatment plans, which also takes into account the importance of protein nutrition intervention.

Method: Therefore, the T system developed in this study can automatically identify and analyse the medical text data of TBI patients, and quickly output accurate treatment plans including protein nutrition intervention.

Conclusion: This system is expected to provide important decision support for clinicians, optimise the treatment process for TBI patients, improve treatment efficiency and enhance patient prognosis.

Context: Septic shock's fatal signs include hemodynamic collapse, systemic inflammation, and organ failure. Neurocardiac dysfunctions worsen outcomes, with lipid peroxidation from oxidative stress as a key damage mechanism.

Objective: Aim of this study is to investigates how lipid peroxidation in cell membranes generates excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial damage, cell death, and autonomic dysfunction.

Materials and methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), toxic byproducts, contribute to cardiomyocyte injury, endothelial damage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and altered neuronal signalling. The research analyzes preclinical and clinical data associating sepsis oxidative indicators with poorer cardiac and neurological outcomes. Results: chronological relationship between oxidative stress, cardiac damage, and neural injury. While the visualisation highlights elevated biomarker levels in critically ill neurocardiac patients.

Discussion and conclusion: Early diagnosis, risk classification, and focused treatment for septic shock may benefit from understanding neurocardiac dysfunction and lipid peroxidation.

Background: Cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a highly malignant and poorly prognostic skin tumour, and its incidence rate is on the rise worldwide. At present, the treatment options for SKCM are limited, and the overall prognosis of patients is poor.

Purpose: It is urgent to find effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Method: Based on clinical sample data, the relationship between UQCC2 expression and patient prognosis was analysed, and its possible molecular mechanism was explored.

Results: Functional enrichment analysis revealed that among the genes co-expressed with UQCC2, many were related to neural and protein metabolism, suggesting that neural and protein metabolism interventions might affect the malignant phenotype of SKCM After knocking down UQCC2 in SKCM cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of the cells were significantly reduced.

Conclusion: It also implies that neural and protein metabolic interventions may affect the biological behaviour of SKCM cells by regulating the expression and function of UQCC2.