Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry最新文献

Objective: Jatyadi thailam, an Ayurvedic preparation, is renowned for its efficacy in diabetic wound healing and inflammation. This study aimed to validate and compare the diabetic wound-healing potential of two Jatyadi thailam formulations - Ayurvedic formulary of India Jatyadi thailam (JT-AFI) and Yogagrantha formulation of Jatyadi thailam (JT-YG), in a diabetic environment using L929 fibroblast cells in vitro.

Methodology: The effects on cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ROS generation, and mitochondrial function were evaluated.

Results: The formulations promoted cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, while also regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. They effectively suppressed ROS generation and modulated mitochondrial function. JT-AFI exhibited superior efficacy in accelerating diabetic wound healing compared to JT-YG.

Conclusion: These findings provide substantial support for the mechanistic role of Jatyadi thailam in diabetic wound healing.

Objective: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) is a very important factor in the regulation of blood pressure. Also, the inhibition of ACE with natural compounds has been a very important research area in the treatment of high blood pressure. ACE was purified and characterized from sheep plasma. Molecular docking studies and the inhibition effect of thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril on ACE were investigated.

Methods: Herein, ACE was purified from sheep plasma by affinity chromatography. The effect of thiamine and riboflavin on ACE was researched. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand the molecular interactions between thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril with ACE.

Results: The purification coefficient was found to be 8636 fold. The binding energy of thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril was found to be -6.7 kcal/mol, -8.1 kcal/mol, and -5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Thiamine conformed to three conventional hydrogen bonds with ASP:415, HIS:513, and LYS:454. Riboflavin formed four conventional hydrogen bonds with GLN:281, GLU:376, THR:282, and TYR:520. Captopril formed two conventional hydrogen bonds with ARG:124, one conventional hydrogen bond with TYR:62 and ASN:85, and one carbon-hydrogen bond with ASN:66. Molecular docking results showed that thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril interacted with ACE through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thiamine and riboflavin indicated significant inhibition effects on ACE. The IC₅₀ values of thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril were found as 960.56 µM, 11.02 µM, and 1.60 nM, respectively. K_i values for thiamine, riboflavin, and captopril were determined as 1352.04 µM, 12.30 µM, and 1.06 nM, respectively.

Conclusion: In this work, it was concluded that thiamine and riboflavin may have preventive and therapeutical impacts against high blood pressure with their ACE inhibitor effect. Thiamine and riboflavin showed a lower inhibitory effect with a higher IC₅₀ than captopril. However, when the inhibitory effect of thiamine and riboflavin vitamins is compared to captopril, it is concluded that they may be natural inhibitors with fewer side effects.

This work investigated the biochemical disturbances and histological alteration in Psammomys obesus animal model fed different high calorie diets (HCDs) during three months. Four diets were used: a low-calorie natural diet, Chenopodiaceae halophyte plant used as control (LCD), a high standard carbohydrate diet rich in protein, HCD 0, a high carbohydrate diet rich in two concentrations of fat, HCD 1 and HCD 2. All animals having received HCDs developed dyslipidemia after one month of experiment with distinction of different sub-groups developing or not obesity and diabetes. HCDs induced a remarkable increasing in blood cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels indicating a fast induction of dyslipidemia and a significant increase of aminotransaminases activities revealing a pronounced hepatotoxicity. Animal developing diabetes showed a severe hepatic injury, a degeneration of the adipose tissue and a significant reduction of retinal thickness. P. obesus seems to be an excellent animal model to investigate nutritional metabolic diseases.

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of endometrial diseases in women. No study has addressed the influence of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) donors on endometrial injury on top of type 1 diabetes. This research was conducted to study either the effect of sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS), the H₂S donor, or DL-propargylglycine (PAG), the inhibitor of endogenous H₂S production, on the endometrium of diabetic rats. A total of 40 female Wistar rats were separated into control group, diabetic group, diabetic group treated with NaHS and diabetic group treated with PAG. Serum levels of insulin, glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were assessed. Uterine tissue markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and cell proliferation were analysed. Diabetes-induced endometrial overgrowth associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis. NaHS administration reversed the previous conditions while PAG administration got them worse. We concluded that H₂S prevented endometrial overgrowth in a rat model of type 1 diabetes through modulation of PPARγ/mTOR and Nrf-2/NF-κB pathways.

Context: There is data about the existence of some endocrine cells in the epithelial layer of the bile duct in humans and rats.

Objective: We evaluated Ghrelin-, Insulin-, Glucagon- and Somatostatin-positive cells in peribiliary glands, mast cells, and nerve fibres.

Materials and methods: Wistar rats were used for dietary manipulation with a 15% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Tissue samples were elaborated with immunohistochemistry for Insulin, Glucagon, Ghrelin, and Somatostatin. Glucose and lipid parameters were studied.

Results: In treated animals, Ghrelin⁺ and Insulin⁺ cells in perybiliary glands (PBGs) were significantly increased. In the male fructose group there was a significant increase of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Conclusions: Stem/progenitor cells in extrahepatic bile tree (EHBT) could be a source of Insulin-producing cells in metabolic syndrome. Fructose treatment induces the increase of Ghrelin⁺ and Insulin⁺ cells in PBGs and the elevation of Insulin and Ghrelin plasma concentration.

Aims and background: Omentin-1 (oment-1) is a type of adipokines that is mainly expressed in visceral fat tissue. Based on accumulating evidence, oment-1 is closely related to diabetes and its complications. However, so far data about oment-1 and diabetes is fragmented. In this review, we focus on the role of oment-1 on diabetes, including its possible signalling pathways, the correlation of circulating omens-1 levels with diabetes and its complications.

Methods: The web of PubMed was searched for articles of relevant studies published until February, 2023.

Results and conclusions: Oment-1 might exert its effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and activating the Akt and AMPK-dependent pathways. The level of circulating oment-1 is negatively correlated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and some complications, including diabetic vascular disease, cardiomyopathy, and retinopathy, which can be affected by anti-diabetic therapies. Oment-1 could be a promising marker for screening and targeted therapy for diabetes and its complications; however, more studies are still needed.

Context: Intermittent fasting, a new-age dietary concept derived from an age-old tradition, involves repetitive cycles of fasting/calorie restriction and eating.

Objective: We aim to take a deep dive into the biological responses to intermittent fasting, delineate the disease-modifying and cognitive effects of intermittent fasting, and also shed light on the possible side effects.

Methods: Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies were reviewed, followed by an in-depth analysis, and compilation of their implications in health and disease.

Results: Intermittent fasting improves the body's stress tolerance, which is further amplified with exercise. It impacts various pathological conditions like cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusion: During dietary restriction, the human body experiences a metabolic switch due to the depletion of liver glycogen, which promotes a shift towards utilising fatty acids and ketones in the system, thereby significantly impacting adiposity, ageing and the immune response to various diseases.

Background: Androgen independent phase in prostate cancer (PCa) commonly limits the therapeutic efficacy. Thuya occidentalis through its main active compound, α-thujone, appears to be an option, considering its anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. However, studies on PCa are limited.

Objective: To evaluate if T. occidentalis could be useful against androgen responsive and unresponsive PCa cells.

Methods: Androgen responsive (LNCaP) and unresponsive (DU145 and PC3) cell lines were exposed to T. occidentalis hydroalcoholic extract (0.05 mL/mL) for different periods. Further, α-thujone was measured in the extract and tested in the cell lines.

Results: T. occidentalis and α-thujone showed the highest cytotoxicity on LNCaP cells. In androgen unresponsive cells, T. occidentalis decreased cell viability and density, and promoted apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle arrest, possibly associated with Cav-1 downregulation. The α-thujone present in the extract significantly LNCaP cells density, but did not affect DU145 and PC3 cells, suggesting that other compounds may also be cytotoxic to androgen unresponsive cells.

The neem plant (Azadirachta indica) has popular ethnomedicinal applications. The anti-diabetic potential and mechanism of neem seed oil (NSO) in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was evaluated in the present study. Experimentally-induced diabetic animals were administered NSO (200 and 400 mg/kg) or metformin (150 mg/kg) orally for 30 days, with some animals serving as positive and negative controls. NSO significantly (p < .05) reversed diabetes-induced impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidaemia, and oxido-inflammatory imbalances typified by changes in the NADH/NAD+ ratio (p < .001) and increases in the mRNA or protein levels of C-reactive protein, 4-hydroxynonenal, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and Il-1β) among others in the hepatic or pancreatic tissues of diabetic animals. The histological evaluation of the pancreatic tissue corroborated the protective effect of NSO. The findings showed that the antidiabetic effect of NSO proceeded through its hypolipidemic effect and modulation of redox and inflammatory signalling events in the tissues of animals.