Tip tarihi arastirmalari = History of medicine studies最新文献

The impact of Claude Bernard on the development of physiology in Turkey and the influence of Sakir Paşa, professor of physiology in the Medical School of Istanbul at the end of XIX century.

Obstetrics and gynecology in "Liber Regius" the famous book of Haly Abbas, physician of Xth century.

This paper is a critique of a biographic novel on Mazar Osman, the famous Turkish psychiatrist.

In this paper, Turkish translation of German article "Die Geschichte der Psychiatrie in der Türkei" by Ihsan Sükrü Aksel and Fahrettin Kerim Gökay, on the dedication issue of Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medizin for Kraepelin is presented. The place and importance of Kraepelin in Turkish psychiatry is also discussed.

This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studies are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi, Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin disease know at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea coproris); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease ); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ateş paresi (Nar-i farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpenşe, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaliği, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Başbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (Kanser, Cancer); Hanaziz (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbaş, Gangren); Kurdeşen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kaşinti, Prutitus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf); Kel (Aloposi, Favus); Evram (Sişler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tired to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented.

This study deals with the chapter on poisons (Sümum) of Gunyetü'l-Muhassilin, a translation, and a pamphlet on antidotes called Panzehir, by Ahmed Sani,one of the most prominent figures of the Ottoman physicians. As a foreword, the terminology related with the subject; and an introduction to the Islamic medical theory, the basis of the subject, is discussed. The main topics on poison are; protection against and treatment of poisons; being poisoned by the sting of insects, snakes etc. and diseases such as rabies, as a result of bites of animals and their treatment; treatment of poisoned suppuration; insecticide drugs and measures; and common drugs against all kinds of poisons. Immunization and nutrition with respect to being poisoned; and preventive measures against insects; and mineral and organic antidotes are also discussed. The classification of diseases and treatment are evaluated on the humoral theory basis. The treatment of insect poisoning is viewed from the perspective of its symptoms. The pamphlet named Panzehir is about a special antidote, the bezoar stone. This antidote is divided into two, of the mineral and the animal origin; and the uses of the bezoar are discussed.A vocabulary is added to help readers to understand the terminology.

Sanizade, who lived in the first half of the 19th century, is an important physician for his great contributions to the Ottoman Medicine, by transfering European medical knowledge. He has important books concerning history, as well as medicine. In one of his works on medicine, Hamse-i Sanizade, a work of five valumes, the volume titled Kanunü'l Cerrahin (the Law of Surgery), deals with surgery. Written in 1810s, the book could be published only in 1828, after Sanizade's death. In the introduction of the book, diseases necessitating surgery and surgical operations are described in brief. In the part concerning diseases requiring surgery; swellings, diseases of the urogenital organs, hard and soft tumors, injuries and wounds and methods of their treatment are dealt with. As an additional part, orthopedical disorders, such as fractures, dislocations and other skeletal disorders are described. Surgical operations are written aiming to train in the field. The book is not composed in the classical style of the Ottoman surgery books, which implies that the book might be a translation form an Italian work or it may be an anthology.

Founded in 1877, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society rendered a lot of important services in military and civil areas in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society not only gave health services for the soldiers, but it also attempted to obey the international acts signed for the war captives and to rescue them together with the countries involved under the supervision of the international Red Cross. In the civilian area, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society also played an active role to meet the casualties' needs, such as food, clothes, and accommodation following natural disasters like earthquake, flood, fire etc. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society published a monthly newsletter called Osmanli Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi to announce its services more effectively to the public since 15 September 1921 (12 Muharrem 1346). The publication of the newsletter continued as Türkiye Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi after the 15th issue. Starting with the 85th issue on September 15th, 1928 (30 Rebiülevvel 1347) it was printed with Latin alphabet instead of Arabic letters.A brief translation in French and in English exist in the end of each issue.

17th and 19th centuries were particularly important for the development of te Ottoman medicine. Westernization which had already started in the 17th century continued along the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Turkish physicians began to contact with their European colleagues and in this period Latin medical terminology began to appear in the Ottoman medical literature. Sirvanli Semseddin Itaki's work of the 17th century, the Teşrihü'l Ebdan ve Tercüman-i Kibale-i Feylesufan, is the first illustrated Turkish manuscript of anatomy. The illustrations are qualified as developed examples, compared with the medical literature and knowledge of the period. In the 19th century, Sanizade Mehmet Ataullah Efendi (1771-1826) wrote a modern book of anatomy for the Ottoman medical doctors. Miyarü'l Etibba was one of the earliest printed medical books in Turkish. The second volume of Sanizade's Hamse, Miratü'l Ebdan fi Tesrih-i-Azai'l Insan is the first printed Ottoman book on anatomy. In Usulü't-Tabia, the third volume of Hamse, the circulatory system is discussed. In this article, we studied the circulatory system described in Semseddin Itaki's Teşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercüman-i-Kibale-i Feylesufan and in Sanizade's Usulü't-Tabia and compared them.