M. Villanueva, Yasuhiko Suzuki, C. Nakajima, Haruka Suzuki, Yukari Fukushima, C. Mingala
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic zoonotic disease that affects both animal and human health and imposes serious public health concerns in the world. Intake of non-pasteurized milk is considered the most probable vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the detection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in spiked milk using a polymerase chain reaction was performed. The performance of two DNA extraction methods, CTAB/phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol and EXTRAGENMB were also evaluated. In addition, Mycobacterial concentration was tried to determine using the Standard/ Viable Plate Count Method and Spectrophotometric (Turbidimetric) Method. PCR successfully detected M. bovis BCG in spiked milk, detecting approximately up to two bacilli per reaction. The two DNA extraction methods were effective in the isolation of amplifiable DNA, having the advantage of EXTRAGENMB in terms of (1) shorter duration of DNA extraction, (2) less sample manipulation, and (3) ease of execution of the procedure. Quantitative determination of the Mycobacterial population however failed to quantify the bacterial concentration per dilution, suggesting that CFU concentration should be considered an approximation. It is expected that this method can be used for the detection of M. bovis in raw milk samples.
牛结核病是一种影响动物和人类健康的慢性人畜共患病，在全球引发严重的公共卫生问题。摄入未经巴氏消毒的牛奶被认为是传播病原菌的最可能途径。本研究利用聚合酶链反应检测了加标牛奶中的卡介苗分枝杆菌。研究还评估了两种 DNA 提取方法（CTAB/苯酚：氯仿：异戊醇和 EXTRAGENMB）的性能。此外，还尝试使用标准/活板计数法和分光光度法（比浊法）测定分枝杆菌的浓度。PCR 成功检测出了加标牛奶中的牛卡介苗，每次反应最多可检测出两个杆菌。两种 DNA 提取方法都能有效地分离出可扩增的 DNA，其中 EXTRAGENMB 方法的优点是：（1）DNA 提取时间短；（2）样品处理少；（3）操作简便。不过，分枝杆菌群的定量测定无法量化每个稀释度的细菌浓度，这表明 CFU 浓度应被视为一个近似值。预计这种方法可用于检测生奶样本中的牛分枝杆菌。
{"title":"Sensitive detection of Mycobacterium bovis in spiked milk using polymerase chain reaction assay","authors":"M. Villanueva, Yasuhiko Suzuki, C. Nakajima, Haruka Suzuki, Yukari Fukushima, C. Mingala","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.91271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.91271","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic zoonotic disease that affects both animal and human health and imposes serious public health concerns in the world. Intake of non-pasteurized milk is considered the most probable vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the detection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in spiked milk using a polymerase chain reaction was performed. The performance of two DNA extraction methods, CTAB/phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol and EXTRAGENMB were also evaluated. In addition, Mycobacterial concentration was tried to determine using the Standard/ Viable Plate Count Method and Spectrophotometric (Turbidimetric) Method. PCR successfully detected M. bovis BCG in spiked milk, detecting approximately up to two bacilli per reaction. The two DNA extraction methods were effective in the isolation of amplifiable DNA, having the advantage of EXTRAGENMB in terms of (1) shorter duration of DNA extraction, (2) less sample manipulation, and (3) ease of execution of the procedure. Quantitative determination of the Mycobacterial population however failed to quantify the bacterial concentration per dilution, suggesting that CFU concentration should be considered an approximation. It is expected that this method can be used for the detection of M. bovis in raw milk samples.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Giese, Gilson Campos Corrêa, R. Santana, E. L. Carvalho
The objective of this study was to record the parasitic fauna of Colomesus psittacus from Marajó Island, State of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The fish were necropsied, and their organs were individualized in a petri dish to search for helminths using a stereomicroscope. These helminths were then clarified and identified. Of the 50 specimens examined, 76% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 807 parasites were recovered. Among the helminths, it was possible to identify five nematodes (Huffmanela psittacus (70%), Anisakis sp. (12%), Hysterothylacium sp. (8%), Philometra sp. 1 (28%), Philometra sp. 2 (2%), Cucullanus marajoara (28%), Cucullanus sp. L3 (34%), a trematode Bianium sp. (2%), and two parasites belonging to the phylum Acanthocephala. The helminth community in C. psittacus was characterized by a high richness of nematodes and a small number of digenetics and acanthocephala. Thus, this is a new record of parasitic fauna in C. psittacus in Brazil.
{"title":"Diversity of helminth parasites of Colomesus psittacus on the Soure Marine Extractives Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"E. Giese, Gilson Campos Corrêa, R. Santana, E. L. Carvalho","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.92624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.92624","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to record the parasitic fauna of Colomesus psittacus from Marajó Island, State of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The fish were necropsied, and their organs were individualized in a petri dish to search for helminths using a stereomicroscope. These helminths were then clarified and identified. Of the 50 specimens examined, 76% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 807 parasites were recovered. Among the helminths, it was possible to identify five nematodes (Huffmanela psittacus (70%), Anisakis sp. (12%), Hysterothylacium sp. (8%), Philometra sp. 1 (28%), Philometra sp. 2 (2%), Cucullanus marajoara (28%), Cucullanus sp. L3 (34%), a trematode Bianium sp. (2%), and two parasites belonging to the phylum Acanthocephala. The helminth community in C. psittacus was characterized by a high richness of nematodes and a small number of digenetics and acanthocephala. Thus, this is a new record of parasitic fauna in C. psittacus in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rimayanti, Budi Utomo, Dilasdita Kartika Pradana, I. Triana, A. Akintunde, Imam Mustofa
Madura cattle breeders in rural Indonesia prefer to request artificial insemination services for their cows with Limousin bull's freeze-thawed semen. However, crossbred Madura-Limousin (Madrasin) bulls reported a high infertility rate. This study aimed to identify the mutation of cytochrome b (Cytb) mtDNA in Madura-Limousin crossbred cattle to develop a fundamental breeding approach that would promote animal protein production and preserve the genetics of purebred Madura cattle. Blood samples were collected from the two bulls of crossbred Madura-Limousin, purebred Madura, and Limousin bulls for DNA analysis. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the Cytb mtDNA, which was then sequenced using the Sanger method. The MEGA 7.0 software was used with the neighbor-joining method to construct the phylogenetic tree. Compared to the purebred Madura cattle and purebred Limousin bulls, the crossbred Madura-Limousin bulls (also known as Madrasin) exhibited alterations in their nucleotide sequence as follows: Deletion of Adenine (number 37), mutation Guanine (66) to Cytosine, Thymine (73) to Cytosine, Guanine (78) to Adenine, Cytosine (84) to Guanine, Thymine (85) to Cytosine, Thymine (99) to Cytosine, Adenine (105) to Guanine, Adenine (114) to Guanine, Cytosine (126) to Thymine, Cytosine (141) to Thymine, and Adenine (144) to Cytosine, resulting in corresponding changes in the deletion of amino acid Isoleucine (position number 11) and mutation of Isoleucine (34) to Methionine. As observed in the resulting clades, the purebred Madura and Limousin cattle were grouped, while Madrasin crossbred cattle were separated. It could be concluded that Madrasin bulls exhibited alterations in their nucleotide and protein sequences of Cytb mtDNA, placing them in a distinct group from purebred Madura cattle and Limousin bulls.
印度尼西亚农村地区的马杜拉牛饲养者更愿意使用利木赞公牛冻融精液为奶牛提供人工授精服务。然而，马都拉-利木赞（Madrasin）杂交公牛的不孕率很高。本研究旨在确定马都拉-利木赞杂交牛细胞色素b（Cytb）mtDNA的变异情况，从而开发出一种基本的育种方法，既能促进动物蛋白质的生产，又能保护纯种马都拉牛的遗传基因。从马都拉-利穆赞杂交牛、纯种马都拉牛和利穆赞牛的两头公牛身上采集血样进行 DNA 分析。使用聚合酶链反应扩增 Cytb mtDNA，然后使用 Sanger 方法进行测序。利用 MEGA 7.0 软件和邻接法构建了系统发生树。与纯种马都拉牛和纯种利木赞公牛相比，杂交马都拉-利木赞公牛（又称马德拉辛牛）的核苷酸序列发生了如下变化：腺嘌呤（编号 37）缺失，鸟嘌呤（66）变为胞嘧啶，胸腺嘧啶（73）变为胞嘧啶，鸟嘌呤（78）变为腺嘌呤，胞嘧啶（84）变为鸟嘌呤，胸腺嘧啶（85）变为胞嘧啶，胸腺嘧啶（99）变为胞嘧啶，腺嘌呤（105）变为鸟嘌呤，腺嘌呤（114）变为鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶（126）变为胸腺嘧啶，胞嘧啶（141）变为胸腺嘧啶，腺嘌呤（144）变为胞嘧啶，从而导致异亮氨酸（第 11 位）的缺失和异亮氨酸（34）变为蛋氨酸的相应变化。从所产生的支系中可以看出，纯种的马杜拉牛和利木赞牛被归为一组，而马德拉辛杂交牛则被分开。由此可以得出结论，马德拉辛公牛的细胞质 DNA 的核苷酸和蛋白质序列发生了变化，使它们与纯种马都拉牛和利木赞公牛分属不同的群体。
{"title":"Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial Cytochrome B of Crossbred Madura-Limousine Cattle","authors":"R. Rimayanti, Budi Utomo, Dilasdita Kartika Pradana, I. Triana, A. Akintunde, Imam Mustofa","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.91501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.91501","url":null,"abstract":"Madura cattle breeders in rural Indonesia prefer to request artificial insemination services for their cows with Limousin bull's freeze-thawed semen. However, crossbred Madura-Limousin (Madrasin) bulls reported a high infertility rate. This study aimed to identify the mutation of cytochrome b (Cytb) mtDNA in Madura-Limousin crossbred cattle to develop a fundamental breeding approach that would promote animal protein production and preserve the genetics of purebred Madura cattle. Blood samples were collected from the two bulls of crossbred Madura-Limousin, purebred Madura, and Limousin bulls for DNA analysis. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the Cytb mtDNA, which was then sequenced using the Sanger method. The MEGA 7.0 software was used with the neighbor-joining method to construct the phylogenetic tree. Compared to the purebred Madura cattle and purebred Limousin bulls, the crossbred Madura-Limousin bulls (also known as Madrasin) exhibited alterations in their nucleotide sequence as follows: Deletion of Adenine (number 37), mutation Guanine (66) to Cytosine, Thymine (73) to Cytosine, Guanine (78) to Adenine, Cytosine (84) to Guanine, Thymine (85) to Cytosine, Thymine (99) to Cytosine, Adenine (105) to Guanine, Adenine (114) to Guanine, Cytosine (126) to Thymine, Cytosine (141) to Thymine, and Adenine (144) to Cytosine, resulting in corresponding changes in the deletion of amino acid Isoleucine (position number 11) and mutation of Isoleucine (34) to Methionine. As observed in the resulting clades, the purebred Madura and Limousin cattle were grouped, while Madrasin crossbred cattle were separated. It could be concluded that Madrasin bulls exhibited alterations in their nucleotide and protein sequences of Cytb mtDNA, placing them in a distinct group from purebred Madura cattle and Limousin bulls.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ketlyn Christine Bonatto Perlin, Júlia Vulpini De Moraes, Christopher Frigo1, A. Bernardi, Luana Celia Stunitz Da Silva
{"title":"Descrição macroscópica e morfometrica do osso quadrado em Urutau-comum (Nyctibius griseus Gmelin, 1789)","authors":"Ketlyn Christine Bonatto Perlin, Júlia Vulpini De Moraes, Christopher Frigo1, A. Bernardi, Luana Celia Stunitz Da Silva","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.92054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.92054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashank Ajjigudde Shreenivasa, Krishnakumar Velayudhannair, John Paul Arockiasamy, Ganesh Shama, Rajeshkumar Sivakumar
Food is one of the most prevalent ways that humans are exposed to metals. Heavy metals including Cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are harmful to humans and have a detrimental impact on health because they accumulate in biological organs. The concentration levels of these heavy metals were tested in different edible parts of country (locally raised) chicken from various districts in Karnataka, India, namely Bengaluru, Tumakuru, Mangaluru, and Udupi, using an Atomic-Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations in various chicken parts were found to be below detectable limits (BDL)-0.0062, 0.027-3.178, and 0.262-2.103 ppm for Cd, Fe, and Zn, respectively, whereas Hg and Pb were BDL. Zinc contents were found to be significantly higher in all chicken samples from all examined districts, followed by iron and cadmium. Mercury and lead concentrations, on the other hand, were below the detection level in all samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the observed metals from country chicken consumption were found to be lower than their respective FAO/WHO reference oral doses (RfD). The non-carcinogenic health hazards posed by the tested metals to the target population were estimated using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values. The HQ and HI values observed in this estimation were less than one, indicating that exposure to these heavy metals through consumption of country chicken is unlikely to provide possible health concerns to the examined region's human population.
食物是人类接触金属最普遍的途径之一。包括镉（Cd）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）和汞（Hg）在内的重金属对人体有害，会在生物器官中积累，从而对健康产生不利影响。使用原子吸收分光光度计（AAS）检测了印度卡纳塔克邦班加罗尔、图马库鲁、芒加鲁和乌杜皮各地区乡村鸡（当地饲养）不同食用部位的重金属浓度水平。结果发现，鸡肉各部位的重金属浓度分别为 0.0062、0.027-3.178 和 0.262-2.103 ppm（镉、铁和锌），低于检测限（BDL），而汞和铅则低于检测限（BDL）。在所有受检地区的所有鸡肉样本中，锌含量都明显偏高，其次是铁和镉。另一方面，所有样本中的汞和铅含量均低于检测水平。从国家鸡肉消费中观察到的金属估计日摄入量（EDI）低于各自的粮农组织/世卫组织参考口服剂量（RfD）。利用危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）值估算受测金属对目标人群造成的非致癌健康危害。估算中观察到的 HQ 值和 HI 值均小于 1，表明通过食用乡村鸡肉接触这些重金属不太可能给受检地区的人口带来健康问题。
{"title":"Determination of Heavy Metals in Various Tissues of Locally Reared (Country) Chicken in major districts of Karnataka, India: Assessment of Potential Health Risks","authors":"Shashank Ajjigudde Shreenivasa, Krishnakumar Velayudhannair, John Paul Arockiasamy, Ganesh Shama, Rajeshkumar Sivakumar","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.91926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.91926","url":null,"abstract":"Food is one of the most prevalent ways that humans are exposed to metals. Heavy metals including Cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are harmful to humans and have a detrimental impact on health because they accumulate in biological organs. The concentration levels of these heavy metals were tested in different edible parts of country (locally raised) chicken from various districts in Karnataka, India, namely Bengaluru, Tumakuru, Mangaluru, and Udupi, using an Atomic-Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Heavy metal concentrations in various chicken parts were found to be below detectable limits (BDL)-0.0062, 0.027-3.178, and 0.262-2.103 ppm for Cd, Fe, and Zn, respectively, whereas Hg and Pb were BDL. Zinc contents were found to be significantly higher in all chicken samples from all examined districts, followed by iron and cadmium. Mercury and lead concentrations, on the other hand, were below the detection level in all samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the observed metals from country chicken consumption were found to be lower than their respective FAO/WHO reference oral doses (RfD). The non-carcinogenic health hazards posed by the tested metals to the target population were estimated using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values. The HQ and HI values observed in this estimation were less than one, indicating that exposure to these heavy metals through consumption of country chicken is unlikely to provide possible health concerns to the examined region's human population.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to investigate the effects of golden nanoparticles (AuNPs) alone or with the administration of the emetic drug (domperidone) on some hematological parameters of pregnant rabbits. In this study, twenty pregnant rabbits, were collected and divided into four groups (n = 5 in each group) as follows: the control group allow to drink 1 ml / kg of distilled water orally, the G1 group received an injected dose (i.m) of 150µg / kg of AuNPs, while the G2 group was treated with 300 µg /kg of the domperidone. The combined group (G3) received both AuNPs injected and domperidone orally (150µg / kg and 300 µg /kg, respectively). Blood samples were taken from each animal at (0, 15, 30 and 40) days of experimental periods to test hematological parameters (WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin level (HGB) and Hematocrit percentage (HCT), which were calculated by using hematology analyzer. The results of the study demonstrated that there is no significant difference in WBC, RBC counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between the AuNPs and domperidone groups and the Control and G3 groups. As well as, there is no effect between periods for each group in these parameters in blood of pregnant rabbits. Thus, it is concluded that injected of AuNPs has no toxic effect on blood, as well as, the domperidone has same effect on blood.
{"title":"Effect of Golden nanoparticles and Domperidone on some hematological parameters in pregnant rabbits","authors":"M. Naji","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.92018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.92018","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the effects of golden nanoparticles (AuNPs) alone or with the administration of the emetic drug (domperidone) on some hematological parameters of pregnant rabbits. In this study, twenty pregnant rabbits, were collected and divided into four groups (n = 5 in each group) as follows: the control group allow to drink 1 ml / kg of distilled water orally, the G1 group received an injected dose (i.m) of 150µg / kg of AuNPs, while the G2 group was treated with 300 µg /kg of the domperidone. The combined group (G3) received both AuNPs injected and domperidone orally (150µg / kg and 300 µg /kg, respectively). Blood samples were taken from each animal at (0, 15, 30 and 40) days of experimental periods to test hematological parameters (WBC count, RBC count, hemoglobin level (HGB) and Hematocrit percentage (HCT), which were calculated by using hematology analyzer. The results of the study demonstrated that there is no significant difference in WBC, RBC counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels between the AuNPs and domperidone groups and the Control and G3 groups. As well as, there is no effect between periods for each group in these parameters in blood of pregnant rabbits. Thus, it is concluded that injected of AuNPs has no toxic effect on blood, as well as, the domperidone has same effect on blood.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milk production is a key feature of the Mammalia class. This study summarizes the characteristics of milk produced by the main dairy industry mammals: cows, buffalo, goats, sheep, and camels. The study compares their physical and chemical constituents, therapeutic benefits, and allergenicity and safety. The optimal milk for different situations can be identified using nutritional, medicinal, and safety studies.Cow milk is the most widely produced globally, accounting for more than eighty percent of the milk produced. Buffalo and sheep milk contain significantly more lactose than cow and goat milk. Bovine and bison milk have the highest cholesterol concentration. Goat milk has a higher fat content, while camel milk has fewer adverse effects.Consumption of cow or buffalo milk may induce minor allergic reactions; however, milk can also ease certain allergy problems. Sheep milk can benefit those with eczema and asthma. This research can help achieve a balanced utilization of varied milk varieties. The study aids consumers in choosing the right milk by investigating and comparing their commercial viability to cellular milk and other types of commercially accessible milk.In conclusion, the study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of different types of milk produced by the main dairy industry mammals. The choice of milk can depend on various factors such as nutritional content, allergenicity, and safety concerns. This research can help consumers make an informed choice regarding the optimal milk for different situations, which can aid in achieving a balanced utilization of varied milk varieties.
{"title":"Comparative analysis, potential benefits, and safety of milk from five commercially milk-producing mammals","authors":"Maqsood Maryam, Asia Manzoor, Zil-e-Huma Butt","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i4.90114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i4.90114","url":null,"abstract":"Milk production is a key feature of the Mammalia class. This study summarizes the characteristics of milk produced by the main dairy industry mammals: cows, buffalo, goats, sheep, and camels. The study compares their physical and chemical constituents, therapeutic benefits, and allergenicity and safety. The optimal milk for different situations can be identified using nutritional, medicinal, and safety studies.Cow milk is the most widely produced globally, accounting for more than eighty percent of the milk produced. Buffalo and sheep milk contain significantly more lactose than cow and goat milk. Bovine and bison milk have the highest cholesterol concentration. Goat milk has a higher fat content, while camel milk has fewer adverse effects.Consumption of cow or buffalo milk may induce minor allergic reactions; however, milk can also ease certain allergy problems. Sheep milk can benefit those with eczema and asthma. This research can help achieve a balanced utilization of varied milk varieties. The study aids consumers in choosing the right milk by investigating and comparing their commercial viability to cellular milk and other types of commercially accessible milk.In conclusion, the study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of different types of milk produced by the main dairy industry mammals. The choice of milk can depend on various factors such as nutritional content, allergenicity, and safety concerns. This research can help consumers make an informed choice regarding the optimal milk for different situations, which can aid in achieving a balanced utilization of varied milk varieties.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139218714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikta Mansouri, H. Fattahian, Alireza Jahandideh, H. Akbarein
Peripheral neuropathies are one of the major causes of motor and sensory disability. The multitude of nerve injuries and associated comorbidities provides a strong impetus to find a drug that potentiate or accelerate axonal regeneration. Systemic drug delivery has been a promising strategy in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate dexamethasone and erythropoietin effects on sciatic nerve regeneration. Twenty-three mice were randomly assigned to sham, control, dexamethasone, erythropoietin, and dexamethasone + erythropoietin groups. The left sciatic nerve was crushed using mosquito hemostatic forceps. Medications were administered once daily for 28 days. The sham group received neither crush injury nor medication. Histopathologic and walking track analyses were performed. Medical therapy influence on functional recovery was observed in as soon as 14 days. Although functional recovery was superior in the dexamethasone + erythropoietin group, a complete return to near-normal function was seen after 28 days in all of the groups. Dexamethasone yielded superior SFI values compared to the erythropoietin on day 14, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.534). Histopathologically, recovery of average axonal number up to 75% normal nerve and significant decline of axonal swelling was observed in the erythropoietin and dexamethasone + erythropoietin groups, which were statistically significant compared to the dexamethasone group (p = 0.008). Marked immunoreactivity to Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was present in the dexamethasone group. Furthermore, immunoreactivity to S-100 protein was observed in regenerated nerves in all groups. Present data provide insights into the neurotrophic effects of dexamethasone and erythropoietin on sciatic crush; however, further investigation is required to justify the clinical application of these agents.
{"title":"The effects of dexamethasone and erythropoietin on mice sciatic nerve crush injury: histopathologic and functional outcomes","authors":"Nikta Mansouri, H. Fattahian, Alireza Jahandideh, H. Akbarein","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i3.85581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i3.85581","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral neuropathies are one of the major causes of motor and sensory disability. The multitude of nerve injuries and associated comorbidities provides a strong impetus to find a drug that potentiate or accelerate axonal regeneration. Systemic drug delivery has been a promising strategy in this regard. This study aimed to evaluate dexamethasone and erythropoietin effects on sciatic nerve regeneration. Twenty-three mice were randomly assigned to sham, control, dexamethasone, erythropoietin, and dexamethasone + erythropoietin groups. The left sciatic nerve was crushed using mosquito hemostatic forceps. Medications were administered once daily for 28 days. The sham group received neither crush injury nor medication. Histopathologic and walking track analyses were performed. Medical therapy influence on functional recovery was observed in as soon as 14 days. Although functional recovery was superior in the dexamethasone + erythropoietin group, a complete return to near-normal function was seen after 28 days in all of the groups. Dexamethasone yielded superior SFI values compared to the erythropoietin on day 14, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.534). Histopathologically, recovery of average axonal number up to 75% normal nerve and significant decline of axonal swelling was observed in the erythropoietin and dexamethasone + erythropoietin groups, which were statistically significant compared to the dexamethasone group (p = 0.008). Marked immunoreactivity to Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was present in the dexamethasone group. Furthermore, immunoreactivity to S-100 protein was observed in regenerated nerves in all groups. Present data provide insights into the neurotrophic effects of dexamethasone and erythropoietin on sciatic crush; however, further investigation is required to justify the clinical application of these agents.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Bittencourt, H. J. D. Lima, Caio Silva Quirino, Isabelli Dias Brito Pereira, Marcos Vinicius Pereira Morais, Juliana freitas Martinez
poedeiras semipesadas com 5 a 10 semanas de idade e até 4% de inclusão para as aves entre 11 a 15 semanas, sem causar prejuízos no desempenho. Palavras-chaves : alimentos alternativos; Hisex Brown ; ganho de peso.
{"title":"Níveis de grãos secos de destilaria de milho na dieta de frangas poedeiras semipesadas na fase de cria sobre o desempenho e termorregulação","authors":"T. M. Bittencourt, H. J. D. Lima, Caio Silva Quirino, Isabelli Dias Brito Pereira, Marcos Vinicius Pereira Morais, Juliana freitas Martinez","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i3.88241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i3.88241","url":null,"abstract":"poedeiras semipesadas com 5 a 10 semanas de idade e até 4% de inclusão para as aves entre 11 a 15 semanas, sem causar prejuízos no desempenho. Palavras-chaves : alimentos alternativos; Hisex Brown ; ganho de peso.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Bastos, T. P. Santana, Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior, Leandro Teixeira Barbosa, A. Khatlab, CC Lopes, E. Gasparino, A. P. Del Vesco
This study addressed the hypothesis that the inclusion of powdered cinnamon in a laying quail diet could increase the expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense systems in the intestine and improve the intestinal environment, thus promoting balance in the body. We used 144 laying quail (Coturnix japonica) distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: no supplementation of cinnamon (NSC) and supplementation of 9g/kg of cinnamon powder (CPS). At the end of the experimental period ovarian and duodenal tissues were collected for analysis of gene expression. Fragments of the central portions of the duodenum and jejunum were also collected for intestinal histological analysis. We observed a significant effect of the inclusion of cinnamon powder in the diet quail on the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (P = 0.0004). The animals from the CPS treatment presented a higher height of villi and greater depth of crypts in the duodenum, and a higher height of villi and villus:cryptratio in the jejunum. The results show that cinnamon supplementation improves the integrity of intestinal tissue structures and development of the structures of the epithelium. Thus improves the productive performance of the birds.
{"title":"Effect of cinnamon supplementation on the gut environment and ESR gene expression in the ovaries of laying quail","authors":"M. S. Bastos, T. P. Santana, Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior, Leandro Teixeira Barbosa, A. Khatlab, CC Lopes, E. Gasparino, A. P. Del Vesco","doi":"10.5380/avs.v28i3.90467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v28i3.90467","url":null,"abstract":"This study addressed the hypothesis that the inclusion of powdered cinnamon in a laying quail diet could increase the expression of genes related to the antioxidant defense systems in the intestine and improve the intestinal environment, thus promoting balance in the body. We used 144 laying quail (Coturnix japonica) distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: no supplementation of cinnamon (NSC) and supplementation of 9g/kg of cinnamon powder (CPS). At the end of the experimental period ovarian and duodenal tissues were collected for analysis of gene expression. Fragments of the central portions of the duodenum and jejunum were also collected for intestinal histological analysis. We observed a significant effect of the inclusion of cinnamon powder in the diet quail on the expression of the estrogen receptor alpha gene (P = 0.0004). The animals from the CPS treatment presented a higher height of villi and greater depth of crypts in the duodenum, and a higher height of villi and villus:cryptratio in the jejunum. The results show that cinnamon supplementation improves the integrity of intestinal tissue structures and development of the structures of the epithelium. Thus improves the productive performance of the birds.","PeriodicalId":8351,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Veterinary Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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