Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901
Manuel Navarro-Perea, Y. Pueyo, D. Moret, A. Valverde, J. Igual, C. Alados
Abstract Livestock grazing is an important element in ecosystem regulation since it may affect essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient acquisition, organic matter decomposition, or litter accumulation in the soil. Overgrazing can threaten the conservation of ecosystems through excessive defoliation of plants or trampling. On the contrary, moderate grazing can have benefits on ecosystem dynamics by favoring nutrient cycling or the soil microbial activity. The aim of this study was to analyze these effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland located in NE Spain. We established six study sites including three grazing intensities, where we sampled vegetation biomass and soil properties: nitrogen content, microbial biomass, water infiltration capacity, porosity, and gypsum content. These parameters were included in a plant-soil interaction model tested through Structural Equation Modeling. Grazing had a direct negative effect on plant biomass (p < 0.01) and water infiltration capacity (p < 0.05) affecting soil nitrogen content (p < 0.001) and microbial biomass (p < 0.5), respectively. Infiltration capacity and porosity were primary drivers of plant biomass (p < 0.05, both cases), and plant biomass was the main contributor to the soil nitrogen pool. Microbial biomass was dependent on infiltration capacity (p < 0.05), porosity (p < 0.01), and nitrogen (p < 0.01). Grazing directly or indirectly affected the functioning of the ecosystem through effects on plant and soil attributes, which may result in changes in plant growth, litter decomposition, or plant nutrient acquisition. This study revealed that moderate grazing can maintain optimal ecosystem features and prevent ecosystem degradation.
{"title":"Plant-soil interactions in response to grazing intensity in a semi-arid ecosystem from NE Spain","authors":"Manuel Navarro-Perea, Y. Pueyo, D. Moret, A. Valverde, J. Igual, C. Alados","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Livestock grazing is an important element in ecosystem regulation since it may affect essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient acquisition, organic matter decomposition, or litter accumulation in the soil. Overgrazing can threaten the conservation of ecosystems through excessive defoliation of plants or trampling. On the contrary, moderate grazing can have benefits on ecosystem dynamics by favoring nutrient cycling or the soil microbial activity. The aim of this study was to analyze these effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland located in NE Spain. We established six study sites including three grazing intensities, where we sampled vegetation biomass and soil properties: nitrogen content, microbial biomass, water infiltration capacity, porosity, and gypsum content. These parameters were included in a plant-soil interaction model tested through Structural Equation Modeling. Grazing had a direct negative effect on plant biomass (p < 0.01) and water infiltration capacity (p < 0.05) affecting soil nitrogen content (p < 0.001) and microbial biomass (p < 0.5), respectively. Infiltration capacity and porosity were primary drivers of plant biomass (p < 0.05, both cases), and plant biomass was the main contributor to the soil nitrogen pool. Microbial biomass was dependent on infiltration capacity (p < 0.05), porosity (p < 0.01), and nitrogen (p < 0.01). Grazing directly or indirectly affected the functioning of the ecosystem through effects on plant and soil attributes, which may result in changes in plant growth, litter decomposition, or plant nutrient acquisition. This study revealed that moderate grazing can maintain optimal ecosystem features and prevent ecosystem degradation.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"184 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89692630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2114117
Timmothy M. Gergeni, J. Scasta, Kristie A. Maczko, J. Tanaka
Abstract The sustainability of rangeland grazing enterprises hinges on healthy and functioning soil resources. Yet information about how rangeland soil features influence livestock production has lagged relative to agronomic crop production. We established a ranch-scale assessment in Wyoming, USA to better understand soil health and livestock production. We integrated 26 years of animal day per hectare grazing records to relate livestock production to pasture-scale soil characteristics. In 2017, we measured 23 soil variables, and 11 forage variables (for Pascopyrum smithii) of 11 grazed pastures from 68 to 146 ha and three ungrazed exclosures. Pastures were stratified across animal day pasture categories (“Low,” “Medium,” “High,” and “None” or exclosure; considered a carrying capacity index). Significant relationships were found between nine of the 23 soil response variables but only one of the 11 forage response variables relative to the animal day pasture categories. Statistical analysis indicated significantly higher % soil organic carbon and forage lignin in the High animal day pasture category relative to the Low Animal Day pasture category (both p-values <0.05). No significant relationship was found between the Animal Day pasture category and forage crude protein (p = 0.3). The principal component analysis explained 98.22% (cumulative for the first two axes) of the variation of the soil health variables but was less insightful for forage quality variables (71.1% of variation explained). Soil organic carbon is a suitable indicator of animal days in pasture and may serve as a useful rangeland soil health indicator for livestock producers.
{"title":"Ranch-scale soil health, forage quality, and cattle grazing capacity linkages in a high-elevation steppe","authors":"Timmothy M. Gergeni, J. Scasta, Kristie A. Maczko, J. Tanaka","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2114117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2114117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sustainability of rangeland grazing enterprises hinges on healthy and functioning soil resources. Yet information about how rangeland soil features influence livestock production has lagged relative to agronomic crop production. We established a ranch-scale assessment in Wyoming, USA to better understand soil health and livestock production. We integrated 26 years of animal day per hectare grazing records to relate livestock production to pasture-scale soil characteristics. In 2017, we measured 23 soil variables, and 11 forage variables (for Pascopyrum smithii) of 11 grazed pastures from 68 to 146 ha and three ungrazed exclosures. Pastures were stratified across animal day pasture categories (“Low,” “Medium,” “High,” and “None” or exclosure; considered a carrying capacity index). Significant relationships were found between nine of the 23 soil response variables but only one of the 11 forage response variables relative to the animal day pasture categories. Statistical analysis indicated significantly higher % soil organic carbon and forage lignin in the High animal day pasture category relative to the Low Animal Day pasture category (both p-values <0.05). No significant relationship was found between the Animal Day pasture category and forage crude protein (p = 0.3). The principal component analysis explained 98.22% (cumulative for the first two axes) of the variation of the soil health variables but was less insightful for forage quality variables (71.1% of variation explained). Soil organic carbon is a suitable indicator of animal days in pasture and may serve as a useful rangeland soil health indicator for livestock producers.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"81 1","pages":"155 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83414621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2115952
Soufiane Lahbouki, R. Ben-Laouane, A. Outzourhit, A. Meddich
Abstract Drought is one of the major threats to food security in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, significant changes in agricultural production systems will be required to meet the challenges of food security while addressing water scarcity. Prickly pear is a drought tolerant plant, as well as a source of sustainable food and feed. Nonetheless, in dry conditions, its growth and performance are restricted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), vermicompost (Vc) or the combination of AMF + Vc on yield, growth and physio-chemical parameters of cactus grown under field drought conditions. Two irrigation regimes were applied, non-irrigated (grown under rainfed conditions) and irrigated plants (8 mm of water per week). After eight months of cultivation, the finding demonstrated that drought reduced growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of cactus. However, the application of biostimulants, especially Vc and AMF + Vc, can mitigate the negative effect of drought by increasing cladode dry weight (93% and 109%), total chlorophyll (78% and 75%), total phenolic content (83% and 81%). Those treatments are also efficient in enhancing activities of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in cactus cladodes and fruits. These results suggest that the use of these biostimulants can mitigate the challenges associated with drought, by improving the physiological and biochemical responses of cactus.
{"title":"The combination of vermicompost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves the physiological properties and chemical composition of Opuntia ficus-indica under semi-arid conditions in the field","authors":"Soufiane Lahbouki, R. Ben-Laouane, A. Outzourhit, A. Meddich","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2115952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2115952","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drought is one of the major threats to food security in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, significant changes in agricultural production systems will be required to meet the challenges of food security while addressing water scarcity. Prickly pear is a drought tolerant plant, as well as a source of sustainable food and feed. Nonetheless, in dry conditions, its growth and performance are restricted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), vermicompost (Vc) or the combination of AMF + Vc on yield, growth and physio-chemical parameters of cactus grown under field drought conditions. Two irrigation regimes were applied, non-irrigated (grown under rainfed conditions) and irrigated plants (8 mm of water per week). After eight months of cultivation, the finding demonstrated that drought reduced growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of cactus. However, the application of biostimulants, especially Vc and AMF + Vc, can mitigate the negative effect of drought by increasing cladode dry weight (93% and 109%), total chlorophyll (78% and 75%), total phenolic content (83% and 81%). Those treatments are also efficient in enhancing activities of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants in cactus cladodes and fruits. These results suggest that the use of these biostimulants can mitigate the challenges associated with drought, by improving the physiological and biochemical responses of cactus.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"284 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75014025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2104183
Hui-Qi Zhang, Yan Qin, Zi-Zhong Li, Zeng-Zhen Song
Abstract Biochar with maize straw and nitrogen application may provide better crop growth conditions with respect to soil C/N, organic carbon fractions, and available nutrients than biochar applied alone. An incubation experiment was conducted in which biochar of maize straw pyrolyzed at 500 °C was applied with maize straw and nitrogen over 150 days. The treatments consisted of three rates of biochar applied at 0 (BC), 30 (BC3), and 60 g kg−1 (BC6), two rates (0 and 2 g kg−1) of maize straw (S), and two rates (0 and 0.1 g kg−1) of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (ammonium bicarbonate). The control (CK) was blank soil unfertilized with BC, N, and S. Sampling was done at 30, 60, and 150 days, respectively. The treatments of BC3 and BC6 significantly increased the content of soil total organic carbon by 840–1735%, oxidizable organic carbon (KMnO4–C) by 151–250%, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 221–976%, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 113–274%, available phosphorus (AP) by 969–4820%, and available potassium (AK) by 715–2413% in the sandy soil. Biochar reduced the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (NH4 +–N and NO3 −–N) contents, while it increased the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) to 42. Nitrogen addition increased the contents of NH4 +–N by 395% and NO3 −–N by 661% compared with the CK after 30 days. Straw only affected the contents of DOC and MBC. The S + N treatment increased the content of MBC and available nitrogen compared with the CK. The contents of KMnO4–C, DOC, MBC, NH4 +–N, NO3 −–N, AP, and AK in the BC + N and BC + S treatments were higher than those in the BC treatments. The BC + N and BC + S treatments could decrease the high C/N that resulted from biochar alone. The contents of KMnO4–C, DOC, MBC, NH4 +–N, NO3 −–N, AP, and AK in the BC + S + N treatment were higher than those in the BC + S and BC + N treatments. Therefore, we recommend using BC6 + S + N to improve the organic carbon fractions and available nutrients in sandy soil. If straw is lacking in the field, BC6 + N is a suitable alternative.
玉米秸秆配施生物炭和施氮比单独施用生物炭在土壤C/N、有机碳组分和速效养分方面提供了更好的作物生长条件。将玉米秸秆在500℃下热解后的生物炭与玉米秸秆和氮肥一起施用150 d，进行了培养试验。这些处理包括:0 (BC)、30 (BC3)和60 g kg - 1 (BC6) 3种浓度的生物炭，2种浓度(0和2 g kg - 1)的玉米秸秆，以及2种浓度(0和0.1 g kg - 1)的氮肥(碳酸氢铵)。对照(CK)为未施肥BC、N和s的空白土壤，分别于30、60和150 d取样。BC3和BC6处理显著提高了土壤总有机碳含量840 ~ 1735%，可氧化有机碳(KMnO4-C)含量151 ~ 250%，溶解有机碳(DOC)含量221 ~ 976%，微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量113 ~ 274%，有效磷(AP)含量969 ~ 4820%，速效钾(AK)含量715 ~ 2413%。生物炭降低了铵态氮和硝态氮(NH4 + -N和NO3−-N)含量，提高了碳氮比(C/N)至42。30 d后，与对照相比，添加氮肥使土壤NH4 + -N含量提高了395%，NO3−-N含量提高了661%。秸秆仅影响DOC和MBC的含量。与对照相比，S + N处理提高了MBC含量和速效氮含量。BC + N和BC + S处理的KMnO4-C、DOC、MBC、NH4 + -N、NO3−-N、AP和AK含量均高于BC处理。BC + N和BC + S处理可以降低生物炭单独产生的高碳氮比。BC + S + N处理的KMnO4-C、DOC、MBC、NH4 + -N、NO3−-N、AP和AK含量均高于BC + S和BC + N处理。因此，我们建议使用BC6 + S + N来改善沙质土壤的有机碳组分和速效养分。如果田间缺乏秸秆，BC6 + N是合适的替代方案。
{"title":"Mixed application of biochar, maize straw, and nitrogen can improve organic carbon fractions and available nutrients of a sandy soil","authors":"Hui-Qi Zhang, Yan Qin, Zi-Zhong Li, Zeng-Zhen Song","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2104183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2104183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biochar with maize straw and nitrogen application may provide better crop growth conditions with respect to soil C/N, organic carbon fractions, and available nutrients than biochar applied alone. An incubation experiment was conducted in which biochar of maize straw pyrolyzed at 500 °C was applied with maize straw and nitrogen over 150 days. The treatments consisted of three rates of biochar applied at 0 (BC), 30 (BC3), and 60 g kg−1 (BC6), two rates (0 and 2 g kg−1) of maize straw (S), and two rates (0 and 0.1 g kg−1) of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (ammonium bicarbonate). The control (CK) was blank soil unfertilized with BC, N, and S. Sampling was done at 30, 60, and 150 days, respectively. The treatments of BC3 and BC6 significantly increased the content of soil total organic carbon by 840–1735%, oxidizable organic carbon (KMnO4–C) by 151–250%, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 221–976%, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 113–274%, available phosphorus (AP) by 969–4820%, and available potassium (AK) by 715–2413% in the sandy soil. Biochar reduced the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (NH4 +–N and NO3 −–N) contents, while it increased the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) to 42. Nitrogen addition increased the contents of NH4 +–N by 395% and NO3 −–N by 661% compared with the CK after 30 days. Straw only affected the contents of DOC and MBC. The S + N treatment increased the content of MBC and available nitrogen compared with the CK. The contents of KMnO4–C, DOC, MBC, NH4 +–N, NO3 −–N, AP, and AK in the BC + N and BC + S treatments were higher than those in the BC treatments. The BC + N and BC + S treatments could decrease the high C/N that resulted from biochar alone. The contents of KMnO4–C, DOC, MBC, NH4 +–N, NO3 −–N, AP, and AK in the BC + S + N treatment were higher than those in the BC + S and BC + N treatments. Therefore, we recommend using BC6 + S + N to improve the organic carbon fractions and available nutrients in sandy soil. If straw is lacking in the field, BC6 + N is a suitable alternative.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"117 1","pages":"115 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74349878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-09DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2106323
A. Naga Rajesh, S. Abinaya, G. Purna Durga, T. V. Lakshmi Kumar
Abstract India’s climate is semi-arid, and most of the people in this country depend on agriculture. In this article, we present the long-term relationships of the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with the rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), surface soil moisture (SSM), and the groundwater storage (GWS) during the Kharif (June–October) season of the monsoon core region (MCR) of India from the year 2000 to 2018. Results show that the NDVI could capture the stages of crop phenology and that it undergoes interannual variability characterized by the El Niño Southern Oscillation. A strong dependence of NDVI on SSM and GWS is evidenced by the statistically significant correlation coefficients of +0.89 and +0.88, respectively. A substantial negative correlation coefficient of −0.91 is observed between NDVI and LST. Wavelet coherence spectrum suggests the in-phase relation of NDVI with rainfall, SSM, GWS, and anti-phase connection with LST, with weaker correlations from 2004 to 2008. The results of this study attain significance since the studies on NDVI and hydrologic variables are much less than those on NDVI and climate variables over the MCR of India.
{"title":"Long-term relationships of MODIS NDVI with rainfall, land surface temperature, surface soil moisture and groundwater storage over monsoon core region of India","authors":"A. Naga Rajesh, S. Abinaya, G. Purna Durga, T. V. Lakshmi Kumar","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2106323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2106323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract India’s climate is semi-arid, and most of the people in this country depend on agriculture. In this article, we present the long-term relationships of the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with the rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), surface soil moisture (SSM), and the groundwater storage (GWS) during the Kharif (June–October) season of the monsoon core region (MCR) of India from the year 2000 to 2018. Results show that the NDVI could capture the stages of crop phenology and that it undergoes interannual variability characterized by the El Niño Southern Oscillation. A strong dependence of NDVI on SSM and GWS is evidenced by the statistically significant correlation coefficients of +0.89 and +0.88, respectively. A substantial negative correlation coefficient of −0.91 is observed between NDVI and LST. Wavelet coherence spectrum suggests the in-phase relation of NDVI with rainfall, SSM, GWS, and anti-phase connection with LST, with weaker correlations from 2004 to 2008. The results of this study attain significance since the studies on NDVI and hydrologic variables are much less than those on NDVI and climate variables over the MCR of India.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"25 1","pages":"51 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86659348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2087570
Saghar Chakherlou, A. Jafarzadeh, A. Ahmadi, B. Feizizadeh, F. Shahbazi, A. Darvishi Boloorani, Saham Mirzaei
Abstract Assessing variations in soil wind erosion (SWE) is critical for identifying key change areas and formulating desertification control strategies. Satellite images with an expansive spatial coverage and temporal repeatability make it possible to monitor the process of soil degradation and its consequences such as SWE. This research aims to model SWE in the eastern shoreline of Urmia Lake in the 2005–2017 period through multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Soil moisture, soil erodibility (SE), soil crust index, number of snow cover days, wind field intensity, and vegetation fraction were determined as critical factors affecting SWE. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to determine the weight of each factor. High SE and poor vegetation were the most important factors in the developed SWE model. The SE was precisely estimated (relative percent deviation (RPD)=2.01) by the support vector regression (SVR) method using Landsat-8 image. The developed SWE estimation method had an overall accuracy of 81%. Most of the eastern shoreline of Urmia Lake Region was classified in the severe SWE class. Results showed a declining erosion intensity trend from central parts with high wind erosion (47% of the region) to northern and southern parts of the region. Increasing the distance from the lake led to an increase in SWE.
{"title":"Soil wind erodibility and erosion estimation using Landsat satellite imagery and multiple-criteria decision analysis in Urmia Lake Region, Iran","authors":"Saghar Chakherlou, A. Jafarzadeh, A. Ahmadi, B. Feizizadeh, F. Shahbazi, A. Darvishi Boloorani, Saham Mirzaei","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2087570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2087570","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Assessing variations in soil wind erosion (SWE) is critical for identifying key change areas and formulating desertification control strategies. Satellite images with an expansive spatial coverage and temporal repeatability make it possible to monitor the process of soil degradation and its consequences such as SWE. This research aims to model SWE in the eastern shoreline of Urmia Lake in the 2005–2017 period through multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Soil moisture, soil erodibility (SE), soil crust index, number of snow cover days, wind field intensity, and vegetation fraction were determined as critical factors affecting SWE. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to determine the weight of each factor. High SE and poor vegetation were the most important factors in the developed SWE model. The SE was precisely estimated (relative percent deviation (RPD)=2.01) by the support vector regression (SVR) method using Landsat-8 image. The developed SWE estimation method had an overall accuracy of 81%. Most of the eastern shoreline of Urmia Lake Region was classified in the severe SWE class. Results showed a declining erosion intensity trend from central parts with high wind erosion (47% of the region) to northern and southern parts of the region. Increasing the distance from the lake led to an increase in SWE.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"71 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87547768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2086507
C. G. Monzon-Burgos, C. Morales-Nieto, P. A. Domínguez-Martínez, Raúl Corrales-Lerma, J. Ochoa-Rivero, Guadalupe N. Aguillar-Palma, Alan Álvarez-Holguín
Abstract Several studies have used chemical agents to inhibit the osmotic potentials and simulate water stress conditions in vitro, assuming that tolerance to osmotic stress is an advantage for seedling survival and establishment in the field. However, how the germination and seedling growth in the laboratory contribute to seedling emergence, survival and establishment are not well-known. We evaluate the relationship between the resistance to the in vitro osmotic stress and the emergence, establishment, and survival under field conditions in sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). The resistance to osmotic stress was evaluated in the osmotic potentials 0, −0.5, −1.0, and −1.5 MPa, simulated in the laboratory. The emergence, establishment, and survival under field conditions were evaluated in two experimental sites for two years. Results from this study revealed that the survival in the field was positively related (p < 0.05) to the inhibition of germination (R 2 = 0.68), germination speed index (R 2 = 0.69), and plumule length (R 2 = 0.68) determined in the laboratory. In other words, the genotypes most affected by the in vitro osmotic stress presented the greatest survival and establishment in the field. This information should be considered for selecting new sideoats grama genotypes of high survival and establishment capacity in natural conditions.
{"title":"Relationship between germination under osmotic stress and development in Bouteloua curtipendula genotypes: implications for restoration management","authors":"C. G. Monzon-Burgos, C. Morales-Nieto, P. A. Domínguez-Martínez, Raúl Corrales-Lerma, J. Ochoa-Rivero, Guadalupe N. Aguillar-Palma, Alan Álvarez-Holguín","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2086507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2086507","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several studies have used chemical agents to inhibit the osmotic potentials and simulate water stress conditions in vitro, assuming that tolerance to osmotic stress is an advantage for seedling survival and establishment in the field. However, how the germination and seedling growth in the laboratory contribute to seedling emergence, survival and establishment are not well-known. We evaluate the relationship between the resistance to the in vitro osmotic stress and the emergence, establishment, and survival under field conditions in sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula). The resistance to osmotic stress was evaluated in the osmotic potentials 0, −0.5, −1.0, and −1.5 MPa, simulated in the laboratory. The emergence, establishment, and survival under field conditions were evaluated in two experimental sites for two years. Results from this study revealed that the survival in the field was positively related (p < 0.05) to the inhibition of germination (R 2 = 0.68), germination speed index (R 2 = 0.69), and plumule length (R 2 = 0.68) determined in the laboratory. In other words, the genotypes most affected by the in vitro osmotic stress presented the greatest survival and establishment in the field. This information should be considered for selecting new sideoats grama genotypes of high survival and establishment capacity in natural conditions.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"66 1","pages":"92 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86855970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2087120
M. D. M. Soares, M. V. Dantas, Geovani Soares de Lima, V. K. N. Oliveira, L. A. A. Soares, H. Gheyi, P. Sousa, Luderlândio de Andrade Silva, Pedro Dantas Fernandes
Abstract In order to study the effect of salicylic acid concentrations on the mitigation of salt stress in melon plants grown on a hydroponic system an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Pombal – PB, Brazil, using an NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution—ECns (2.1—control, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.4 dS m−1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid—SA (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mM), with six replicates. Salicylic acid at the concentration of 3.2 mM attenuated the effect of nutrient solution salinity on the fresh weight of melon fruits. The saline nutrient solution impairs gas exchange and the relative water content and increases the intercellular electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of melon plants. However, salicylic acid attenuates the deleterious effects of salinity and attains a maximum yield of melon fruits of 23.82 t ha−1 with foliar application of 1.5 mM at ECns of 3.1 dS m−1. Salicylic acid stimulated the synthesis of total chlorophyll, the CO2 assimilation rate, and the instantaneous water use efficiency of hydroponic melon up to a concentration of 4.5 mM. The results obtained indicate that the responses of the hydroponic melon plant grown with saline nutrient solution and the application of salicylic acid are not yet fully elucidated.
摘要为了研究不同浓度水杨酸对水培甜瓜植株盐胁迫的影响，在巴西Pombal - PB的温室中采用NFT(营养膜技术)系统进行了试验。试验设计完全随机化，采用4 × 4因子设计，根据营养液- ecns(2.1 -对照、3.2、4.3和5.4 dS m - 1)的4个电导率水平和水杨酸- sa(0、1.5、3.0和4.5 mM)的4个浓度进行设计，共6个重复。浓度为3.2 mM的水杨酸能减弱营养液盐度对甜瓜果实鲜重的影响。盐水营养液损害了甜瓜叶片的气体交换和相对含水量，增加了叶片细胞间电解质泄漏。然而，水杨酸可以减弱盐度的有害影响，在ECns为3.1 dS m−1的条件下，叶面施用1.5 mM水杨酸，甜瓜果实产量最高可达23.82 t ha−1。4.5 mM浓度的水杨酸对水培甜瓜总叶绿素合成、CO2同化速率和瞬时水分利用效率均有显著的促进作用。结果表明，盐渍营养液和水杨酸对水培甜瓜植株的反应尚不完全清楚。
{"title":"Physiology and yield of ‘Gaúcho’ melon under brackish water and salicylic acid in hydroponic cultivation","authors":"M. D. M. Soares, M. V. Dantas, Geovani Soares de Lima, V. K. N. Oliveira, L. A. A. Soares, H. Gheyi, P. Sousa, Luderlândio de Andrade Silva, Pedro Dantas Fernandes","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2087120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2087120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to study the effect of salicylic acid concentrations on the mitigation of salt stress in melon plants grown on a hydroponic system an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Pombal – PB, Brazil, using an NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution—ECns (2.1—control, 3.2, 4.3, and 5.4 dS m−1) and four concentrations of salicylic acid—SA (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mM), with six replicates. Salicylic acid at the concentration of 3.2 mM attenuated the effect of nutrient solution salinity on the fresh weight of melon fruits. The saline nutrient solution impairs gas exchange and the relative water content and increases the intercellular electrolyte leakage in the leaf blade of melon plants. However, salicylic acid attenuates the deleterious effects of salinity and attains a maximum yield of melon fruits of 23.82 t ha−1 with foliar application of 1.5 mM at ECns of 3.1 dS m−1. Salicylic acid stimulated the synthesis of total chlorophyll, the CO2 assimilation rate, and the instantaneous water use efficiency of hydroponic melon up to a concentration of 4.5 mM. The results obtained indicate that the responses of the hydroponic melon plant grown with saline nutrient solution and the application of salicylic acid are not yet fully elucidated.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"190 1","pages":"134 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76405788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2084703
Elham Ghasemifar, M. Minaei, Mingxi Shen, M. Rezaei
Abstract Although known as the warmest deserts of the world, rainfall and integrated water of Lut and Kavir Deserts is still unknown due to insufficient weather stations. The Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission satellite created an opportunity for use to study the rainfall and vertically integrated liquid water content (LWC) and integrated non-liquid (ice) water content (IWC) using statistical and distance analyses over the two deserts during winter months (December to March) of 2015–2020. The results showed good similarity between the GPM DPR and station data with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.81. March has the highest contribution in rain amount, which is about 37% in both deserts. March also has the largest contribution of the rainy days, being about 41.4 and 37.6% in the Lut and Kavir Deserts, respectively. LWC has the highest amount in the Lut Desert, while IWC is the largest in the Kavir Desert. Distance analysis showed that there is a significant increasing trend of rainfall from west to east in the Lut Desert. Elevation does not affect rainfall distribution strongly, but rainfall is highly influenced by the atmospheric-driven large-scale parameters.
{"title":"Analysing spatio-temporal patterns in wintertime rainfall across Iran’s deserts using GMP DPR data","authors":"Elham Ghasemifar, M. Minaei, Mingxi Shen, M. Rezaei","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2084703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2084703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although known as the warmest deserts of the world, rainfall and integrated water of Lut and Kavir Deserts is still unknown due to insufficient weather stations. The Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission satellite created an opportunity for use to study the rainfall and vertically integrated liquid water content (LWC) and integrated non-liquid (ice) water content (IWC) using statistical and distance analyses over the two deserts during winter months (December to March) of 2015–2020. The results showed good similarity between the GPM DPR and station data with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.81. March has the highest contribution in rain amount, which is about 37% in both deserts. March also has the largest contribution of the rainy days, being about 41.4 and 37.6% in the Lut and Kavir Deserts, respectively. LWC has the highest amount in the Lut Desert, while IWC is the largest in the Kavir Desert. Distance analysis showed that there is a significant increasing trend of rainfall from west to east in the Lut Desert. Elevation does not affect rainfall distribution strongly, but rainfall is highly influenced by the atmospheric-driven large-scale parameters.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":"20 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87148930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2066582
H. Mozaffari, A. Moosavi, A. Sepaskhah, W. Cornelis
Abstract Soil hydraulic properties are often influenced by agricultural activities. Knowledge of such properties is needed to understand the effect of agricultural practices on the soil water regime and catchment hydrology. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three land use types including orchard field, OF (without plowing), annual cultivated field, ACF (with seasonal plowing), and perennial alfalfa field, PAF (without plowing) on the soil’s water-conducting porosity at equivalent pore radius interval a to b, ε(a, b), sorptivity at applied tension ψ, Sψ, and macroscopic capillary length at tension interval ψi to ψi+1, λ(ψi, ψi+1) of calcareous soils. The mentioned hydraulic attributes were calculated from infiltration data obtained from tension-disk infiltration measurements at six tensions of 0–15 cm at 75 experimental locations (25 replications per land use). In general, it can be concluded that more macropores are present in the soils of PAF than in those of ACF and OF land uses, probably due to high organic matter content, long-term no-till conditions, positive effects of alfalfa root systems, low machinery/livestock traffic, and low soluble sodium content. In ACF, conventional tillage and high machinery traffic, and in OF excessive use of Na-rich manure fertilizers and high livestock traffic resulted in less macropores compared to PAF.
{"title":"Long-term effects of land use type and management on sorptivity, macroscopic capillary length and water-conducting porosity of calcareous soils","authors":"H. Mozaffari, A. Moosavi, A. Sepaskhah, W. Cornelis","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2066582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2066582","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil hydraulic properties are often influenced by agricultural activities. Knowledge of such properties is needed to understand the effect of agricultural practices on the soil water regime and catchment hydrology. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three land use types including orchard field, OF (without plowing), annual cultivated field, ACF (with seasonal plowing), and perennial alfalfa field, PAF (without plowing) on the soil’s water-conducting porosity at equivalent pore radius interval a to b, ε(a, b), sorptivity at applied tension ψ, Sψ, and macroscopic capillary length at tension interval ψi to ψi+1, λ(ψi, ψi+1) of calcareous soils. The mentioned hydraulic attributes were calculated from infiltration data obtained from tension-disk infiltration measurements at six tensions of 0–15 cm at 75 experimental locations (25 replications per land use). In general, it can be concluded that more macropores are present in the soils of PAF than in those of ACF and OF land uses, probably due to high organic matter content, long-term no-till conditions, positive effects of alfalfa root systems, low machinery/livestock traffic, and low soluble sodium content. In ACF, conventional tillage and high machinery traffic, and in OF excessive use of Na-rich manure fertilizers and high livestock traffic resulted in less macropores compared to PAF.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"234 1","pages":"371 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85129512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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