Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2060149
R. Rani, J. Singh, A. Sanyal, M. Rajora, Ankita Trivedi
Abstract Lasiurus sindicus Henr. is one of the most prominent grass species, occupying 80% area of the desert grassland. Average dry forage production of L. sindicus at the mature stage is 2.5–3.5 t ha−1 (with 93% dry matter, 4.6% crude protein, 31% crude fiber, and 4.5% ash) and the carrying capacity of L. sindicus grasslands ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 active cattle units ha−1 in the normal rainfall years. A large number of diazotrophs, as well as endophytes, have been found associated with L. sindicus rhizosphere, which play a crucial role in maintaining the plant-soil ecological interaction. L. sindicus has a prominent place as a perennial component in silvo-pastural, agro-pastural, agro-silvo-pastural, and horti-pastural production systems. Considering its importance, much emphasis should be given to utilization of L. sindicus based grasslands according to their carrying capacity and to avoid overgrazing.
摘要:黄鼠狼。是最突出的草种之一，占荒漠草原面积的80%。成熟期羊草的平均干饲料产量为2.5 ~ 3.5 t ha - 1(干物质93%，粗蛋白质4.6%，粗纤维31%，灰分4.5%)，正常降雨年份羊草草地的承载能力为0.8 ~ 1.2活牛单位ha - 1。在L. sinindicus根际中发现了大量重氮营养菌和内生菌，它们在维持植物-土壤生态相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。在农牧、农牧、农牧-农牧、农牧-农牧和园牧生产系统中，L. sinindicus作为多年生植物具有突出的地位。鉴于其重要性，应根据其承载能力重视对羊草草地的利用，避免过度放牧。
{"title":"Lasiurus sindicus Henr., a key perennial fodder grass for desert ecosystem","authors":"R. Rani, J. Singh, A. Sanyal, M. Rajora, Ankita Trivedi","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2060149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2060149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lasiurus sindicus Henr. is one of the most prominent grass species, occupying 80% area of the desert grassland. Average dry forage production of L. sindicus at the mature stage is 2.5–3.5 t ha−1 (with 93% dry matter, 4.6% crude protein, 31% crude fiber, and 4.5% ash) and the carrying capacity of L. sindicus grasslands ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 active cattle units ha−1 in the normal rainfall years. A large number of diazotrophs, as well as endophytes, have been found associated with L. sindicus rhizosphere, which play a crucial role in maintaining the plant-soil ecological interaction. L. sindicus has a prominent place as a perennial component in silvo-pastural, agro-pastural, agro-silvo-pastural, and horti-pastural production systems. Considering its importance, much emphasis should be given to utilization of L. sindicus based grasslands according to their carrying capacity and to avoid overgrazing.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88733205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2042751
Javid Hayati, S. Matinkhah, H. Bashari, M. Tarkesh Esfahani, H. Karimzadeh
Abstract The present study explored the habitat suitability for an endangered species, Hedysarum criniferum, in Iran using fuzzy logic. We measured 24 environmental variables including soil, climate, and physiographic variables of eight natural habitats of H. criniferum as the predictive variables and the percent cover of the species as the response variable. The most important environmental factors influencing species distribution and the species response curves were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and the generalized linear model, respectively. The tolerance range and the optimal growth point of the studied species with respect to the environmental factors were specified, the ranges were divided into 11 classes by fuzzy value, and the fuzzy functions of the environmental factors were calculated. The species habitats were classified by the developed fuzzy model. Three regions with no H. criniferum occurrence were selected to determine their fuzzy suitability. The success in germination and shoot growth length of H. criniferum were used as the metrics of the habitat suitability in these regions. Based on the PCA, H. criniferum occurrence was most strongly affected by soil Mg, K, and Ca content, soil pH, wind speed, annual minimum temperature, slope, and altitude. The results revealed that the seedling length and germination percentage in the site with the fuzzy suitability of 0.6 differed from those in the two other sites with the fuzzy suitability of 0.5 and 0.3 significantly. The method used in this study can be employed in predicting optimal habitats for other endangered species in different ecosystems.
{"title":"Predicting habitat suitability for the endangered species Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. using a fuzzy model in the semi-arid zone in Iran","authors":"Javid Hayati, S. Matinkhah, H. Bashari, M. Tarkesh Esfahani, H. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2042751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2042751","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study explored the habitat suitability for an endangered species, Hedysarum criniferum, in Iran using fuzzy logic. We measured 24 environmental variables including soil, climate, and physiographic variables of eight natural habitats of H. criniferum as the predictive variables and the percent cover of the species as the response variable. The most important environmental factors influencing species distribution and the species response curves were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and the generalized linear model, respectively. The tolerance range and the optimal growth point of the studied species with respect to the environmental factors were specified, the ranges were divided into 11 classes by fuzzy value, and the fuzzy functions of the environmental factors were calculated. The species habitats were classified by the developed fuzzy model. Three regions with no H. criniferum occurrence were selected to determine their fuzzy suitability. The success in germination and shoot growth length of H. criniferum were used as the metrics of the habitat suitability in these regions. Based on the PCA, H. criniferum occurrence was most strongly affected by soil Mg, K, and Ca content, soil pH, wind speed, annual minimum temperature, slope, and altitude. The results revealed that the seedling length and germination percentage in the site with the fuzzy suitability of 0.6 differed from those in the two other sites with the fuzzy suitability of 0.5 and 0.3 significantly. The method used in this study can be employed in predicting optimal habitats for other endangered species in different ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"47 1","pages":"344 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90922806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2052202
S. Bibi, M. Ahmad, M. Hameed, F. Ahmad, A. Alvi, A. Kamal
Abstract The response of morpho-physiological and leaf surface attributes along with antioxidant potential of Desmostachya bipinnata L. populations collected from arid regions with 1.7–3.7 soil moisture % and =22.8–49.6 dS m−1 ECe was evaluated for adaptability to aridity. Among soil attributes, soil pH, ECe, moisture content, saturation percentage, organic matter, P, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl, NH4-N, NO3-N and plant attributes related to the morphology, physiology, antioxidant potential were studied. With increasing aridity root:shoot length ratio (0.1–0.4 cm) increased while average leaf area (12–4 cm2), shoot biomass (5–0.5 g), and root biomass (0.8–0.1g) decreased significantly. Parallel to that chlorophyll a (1–0.1 mgg−1 fresh weight) degradation was observed along with reduced carotenoid content (0.25–0.05 mgg−1 fresh weight). All other organic osmolytes decreased except for total soluble sugars which increased (0.10–0.15 μmol g−1 fresh weight) as the dryness ratio increased and more activities of the antioxidant enzymes APX (0.5–3.5 units mg pro−1), CAT (0.1–0.8 units mg pro−1), POD (0.02–0.25 units μg pro−1), and SOD (2–7 units mg pro−1) were observed. Among soluble cations, Na+ concentration increased (14–24 mg g−1 dw) in shoot as the aridity increased while shoot K+ (35–15 mgg−1 dw) and Mg2+ concentration decreased in both root and shoot tissues. Ca2+ concentration increased in root while N and P content decreased. In conclusion, aridity reduced overall vegetative growth but enhanced root growth for better absorption of water from the deeper layers with concurrent silica deposition in epidermal layers for controlling water loss.
{"title":"Morpho-physiological, biochemical, and leaf epidermal responses of Desmostachya bipinnata L. in arid habitats","authors":"S. Bibi, M. Ahmad, M. Hameed, F. Ahmad, A. Alvi, A. Kamal","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2052202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2052202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The response of morpho-physiological and leaf surface attributes along with antioxidant potential of Desmostachya bipinnata L. populations collected from arid regions with 1.7–3.7 soil moisture % and =22.8–49.6 dS m−1 ECe was evaluated for adaptability to aridity. Among soil attributes, soil pH, ECe, moisture content, saturation percentage, organic matter, P, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl, NH4-N, NO3-N and plant attributes related to the morphology, physiology, antioxidant potential were studied. With increasing aridity root:shoot length ratio (0.1–0.4 cm) increased while average leaf area (12–4 cm2), shoot biomass (5–0.5 g), and root biomass (0.8–0.1g) decreased significantly. Parallel to that chlorophyll a (1–0.1 mgg−1 fresh weight) degradation was observed along with reduced carotenoid content (0.25–0.05 mgg−1 fresh weight). All other organic osmolytes decreased except for total soluble sugars which increased (0.10–0.15 μmol g−1 fresh weight) as the dryness ratio increased and more activities of the antioxidant enzymes APX (0.5–3.5 units mg pro−1), CAT (0.1–0.8 units mg pro−1), POD (0.02–0.25 units μg pro−1), and SOD (2–7 units mg pro−1) were observed. Among soluble cations, Na+ concentration increased (14–24 mg g−1 dw) in shoot as the aridity increased while shoot K+ (35–15 mgg−1 dw) and Mg2+ concentration decreased in both root and shoot tissues. Ca2+ concentration increased in root while N and P content decreased. In conclusion, aridity reduced overall vegetative growth but enhanced root growth for better absorption of water from the deeper layers with concurrent silica deposition in epidermal layers for controlling water loss.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"445 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84021595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2045523
D. Joshi
Abstract The arid region of Rajasthan has been classified into unique agro-ecological sub-regions, zones, and sub-zones (indicated by their code number in this abstract) for which sustainable land use has been suggested based on the potentials and constraints. 2.1, 2.2 and 3.1 sub-zones need dune stabilization, silvopastural farming, and kharif cultivation in interdunes; khadin water harvesting system, as well as solar farming. 4.1 and 4.2 sub-zones need rainfed cropping under conserved moisture, agroforestry and limited irrigation, cultivation of low water requiring crops, such as mustard, cumin in rabi. In 4.3 sub-zone under conserved moisture and winter rainfall pulses and mustard are suggested. In 5.1 and 5.2 sub-zones kharif season crops and wheat, mustard, cumin, and condiments irrigated with brackish groundwater by adopting gypsum treatment are suggested. In the canal command area, the micro-irrigation system is doing well in the sandy plain and dune complex area, but in the Ned area irrigation needs to be restricted/avoided. In 5.3 and 5.4 sub-zones, rainfed irrigated crops and fruit cultivation is suggested. In 6.1 sub-zone dune stabilization is suggested; 6.2 and 6.3 sub-zones require erosion control and irrigation water management for the cultivation of cotton, paddy, groundnut, sugarcane, and kinnow.
{"title":"Agroecological sub-zone based sustainable land use in arid Rajasthan (India)","authors":"D. Joshi","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2045523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2045523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The arid region of Rajasthan has been classified into unique agro-ecological sub-regions, zones, and sub-zones (indicated by their code number in this abstract) for which sustainable land use has been suggested based on the potentials and constraints. 2.1, 2.2 and 3.1 sub-zones need dune stabilization, silvopastural farming, and kharif cultivation in interdunes; khadin water harvesting system, as well as solar farming. 4.1 and 4.2 sub-zones need rainfed cropping under conserved moisture, agroforestry and limited irrigation, cultivation of low water requiring crops, such as mustard, cumin in rabi. In 4.3 sub-zone under conserved moisture and winter rainfall pulses and mustard are suggested. In 5.1 and 5.2 sub-zones kharif season crops and wheat, mustard, cumin, and condiments irrigated with brackish groundwater by adopting gypsum treatment are suggested. In the canal command area, the micro-irrigation system is doing well in the sandy plain and dune complex area, but in the Ned area irrigation needs to be restricted/avoided. In 5.3 and 5.4 sub-zones, rainfed irrigated crops and fruit cultivation is suggested. In 6.1 sub-zone dune stabilization is suggested; 6.2 and 6.3 sub-zones require erosion control and irrigation water management for the cultivation of cotton, paddy, groundnut, sugarcane, and kinnow.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"80 1","pages":"483 - 498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81118599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Sodium metasilicate solution treatment contributes to improved plant tolerance to drought stress. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to compare the effect of sodium metasilicate solution on Malus halliana and Malus hupehensis seedlings under drought stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the effects of sodium metasilicate solutions on gas exchange, fluorescence, and physiological characteristics. Forty days after transplantation, the control (75% field capacity (FC)) and treatment 1 (50% FC) seedlings were sprayed with distilled water, and the other treatment (50% FC) seedlings were sprayed with a sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3·9H2O) solution at different concentrations. The results showed that the growth of M. halliana and M. hupehensis was inhibited when exposed to drought stress. This adverse effect was reversed by applying sodium metasilicate solution, and there was a significant concentration effect. Compared to the control, sodium metasilicate solution increased the proline (Pro) content. At the same time, the decrease in the SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (G s), transpiration rate (T r), initial fluorescence (F 0), maximum fluorescence (F m), photochemical efficiency (F v/F m), electron transfer rate (ETR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were effectively controlled. The increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was also restricted. Additionally, the PCA showed that the first principal component of M. halliana accounted for 80.42% variance, contributed by P n, T r, G s, Pro, SOD, F v/F m, and ETR. The first principal component of M. hupehensis accounted for 69.72% and mainly contained P n, SPAD, and F v/F m index information. The PCA evaluation showed that the effect of sodium metasilicate solution on M. halliana and M. hupehensis seedlings under drought stress was most significant (p < 0.05) at concentrations of 2.5 and 3.75 mM·L−1, respectively.
{"title":"Sodium metasilicate solution enhances drought stress tolerance by improving physiological characteristics in apple stocks","authors":"Desheng Zhang, Yu-xia Wu, Xia-yi Zhang, Rui Zhang, Zhong-Xing Zhang, Shuang Wang, Yanxiu Wang","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2045389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2045389","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sodium metasilicate solution treatment contributes to improved plant tolerance to drought stress. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to compare the effect of sodium metasilicate solution on Malus halliana and Malus hupehensis seedlings under drought stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the effects of sodium metasilicate solutions on gas exchange, fluorescence, and physiological characteristics. Forty days after transplantation, the control (75% field capacity (FC)) and treatment 1 (50% FC) seedlings were sprayed with distilled water, and the other treatment (50% FC) seedlings were sprayed with a sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3·9H2O) solution at different concentrations. The results showed that the growth of M. halliana and M. hupehensis was inhibited when exposed to drought stress. This adverse effect was reversed by applying sodium metasilicate solution, and there was a significant concentration effect. Compared to the control, sodium metasilicate solution increased the proline (Pro) content. At the same time, the decrease in the SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate (P n), stomatal conductance (G s), transpiration rate (T r), initial fluorescence (F 0), maximum fluorescence (F m), photochemical efficiency (F v/F m), electron transfer rate (ETR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were effectively controlled. The increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was also restricted. Additionally, the PCA showed that the first principal component of M. halliana accounted for 80.42% variance, contributed by P n, T r, G s, Pro, SOD, F v/F m, and ETR. The first principal component of M. hupehensis accounted for 69.72% and mainly contained P n, SPAD, and F v/F m index information. The PCA evaluation showed that the effect of sodium metasilicate solution on M. halliana and M. hupehensis seedlings under drought stress was most significant (p < 0.05) at concentrations of 2.5 and 3.75 mM·L−1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"67 1","pages":"428 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86086008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2039976
H. Kamiri, Daisy Mutuku, J. Ndufa, Stephen M. Kiama
Abstract Laikipia rangelands in Kenya are among the most productive ecosystems but there is concern that the traditional free grazing regimes may accelerate soil and vegetation deterioration. We investigated the distribution of soil properties in the rangelands of Ilmotiok ranch in Laikipia County where grazing is predominantly open or free and examined selected soil chemical properties and particle size distribution in three types of habitats (tree, grass and bare ground) along four transects, placed diagonally across hillslope positions. We focused our study on the hypotheses that habitat types and hillslope position had an effect on soil properties distribution along the profile. Along each identified transect, soil samples were collected at four depths 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm. Distribution of soil properties mainly carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus were influenced by hillslope position and habitat type and their contents decreased gradually with soil depth. Soil organic carbon content was high in tree habitats while in grass habitats average total phosphorus content in the profiles was slightly lower than in tree habitats. Total soil nitrogen was highest in the footslope in the tree and grass habitat and ranged between 0.81−2.17 g/kg and 1.26−2.50 g/kg, respectively. Sand was the dominant grain size fraction which accounted for 50−88%. This study demonstrated that there are soil fertility differences in the rangelands caused by vegetation cover and hillslope positions which are particularly important for future agro-pastoral use decisions.
{"title":"Exploring the distribution of soil properties across an open-grazed pastoral system in Laikipia rangelands, Kenya","authors":"H. Kamiri, Daisy Mutuku, J. Ndufa, Stephen M. Kiama","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2039976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2039976","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Laikipia rangelands in Kenya are among the most productive ecosystems but there is concern that the traditional free grazing regimes may accelerate soil and vegetation deterioration. We investigated the distribution of soil properties in the rangelands of Ilmotiok ranch in Laikipia County where grazing is predominantly open or free and examined selected soil chemical properties and particle size distribution in three types of habitats (tree, grass and bare ground) along four transects, placed diagonally across hillslope positions. We focused our study on the hypotheses that habitat types and hillslope position had an effect on soil properties distribution along the profile. Along each identified transect, soil samples were collected at four depths 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm. Distribution of soil properties mainly carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus were influenced by hillslope position and habitat type and their contents decreased gradually with soil depth. Soil organic carbon content was high in tree habitats while in grass habitats average total phosphorus content in the profiles was slightly lower than in tree habitats. Total soil nitrogen was highest in the footslope in the tree and grass habitat and ranged between 0.81−2.17 g/kg and 1.26−2.50 g/kg, respectively. Sand was the dominant grain size fraction which accounted for 50−88%. This study demonstrated that there are soil fertility differences in the rangelands caused by vegetation cover and hillslope positions which are particularly important for future agro-pastoral use decisions.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"94 3 1","pages":"465 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83875414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-12DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2032869
Chuan Wang, Wen-qian Zhao, Yongyong Zhang
Abstract Oasis degradation and terminal lake shrinkage are prevalent consequences of the disputed distribution of water resources in inland river basins, hindering regional sustainable development. The Ecological Water Diversion Project (EWDP) is regarded as an important measure to restore the desert-oasis ecosystem in inland river basins, and thus it is essential to comprehensively evaluate the response of eco-hydrological and socioeconomic systems to the EWDP. Based on multiple indicators, we used trend analysis, linear regression, partial least square regression, and structural equation model to disentangle the quantitative effects of the EWDP on the change of eco-hydrological and socioeconomic conditions in the Ejina Oasis (EO) in the lower reaches of the Heihe River in northwest China. Our results indicate that the ecological deterioration was prevalent before the execution of the EWDP, including the increase of groundwater depth, the disappearance of lakes, the decrease of NDVI. After the EWDP, runoff released to EO increased 69.15%, the mean groundwater depth decreased 0.48 m, 52.28% of the study area showed a significant increase in NDVI, areas of forest and grassland increased 20.17 and 25.65 km2, respectively. The EWDP improved the hydrological regime and prompted the recovery of the oasis. Besides, socioeconomic development was facilitated under the restoration of the eco-hydrological conditions, characterized by the expansion of farmland and the thrive of the tourism industry. The hydrological variables promoted the improvement of the ecological condition with a direct strength of 0.93 and facilitated the development of the socioeconomic conditions in EO with an indirect strength of 0.84. Runoff was the most important positive contributor both to the NDVI and GDP in EO. This comprehensive evaluation framework can offer valuable insight for water resources management and sustainable development in the inland river basin of arid areas.
绿洲退化和终端湖泊萎缩是内陆河流域水资源分配争议的普遍后果，阻碍了区域的可持续发展。生态调水工程是内陆河流域恢复荒漠绿洲生态系统的重要措施，因此综合评价生态水文和社会经济系统对生态调水工程的响应是十分必要的。基于多指标分析，采用趋势分析、线性回归、偏最小二乘回归和结构方程模型等方法，揭示了EWDP对黑河下游额济纳绿洲生态水文和社会经济条件变化的定量影响。结果表明:在实施EWDP之前，生态环境的恶化是普遍的，包括地下水深度增加、湖泊消失、NDVI下降。EWDP后，向EO释放的径流量增加了69.15%，地下水平均深度减少了0.48 m, 52.28%的研究区NDVI显著增加，森林和草地面积分别增加了20.17和25.65 km2。EWDP改善了水文状况，促进了绿洲的恢复。生态水文条件的恢复促进了社会经济的发展，主要表现为耕地面积的扩大和旅游业的繁荣。水文变量促进生态条件改善的直接强度为0.93，促进EO地区社会经济条件发展的间接强度为0.84。径流是EO对NDVI和GDP最重要的正向贡献者。该综合评价框架可为干旱区内陆河流域水资源管理和可持续发展提供有价值的见解。
{"title":"Runoff controls the development of eco-hydrological and economic conditions in an arid oasis of the downstream inland river basin","authors":"Chuan Wang, Wen-qian Zhao, Yongyong Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2032869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2032869","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oasis degradation and terminal lake shrinkage are prevalent consequences of the disputed distribution of water resources in inland river basins, hindering regional sustainable development. The Ecological Water Diversion Project (EWDP) is regarded as an important measure to restore the desert-oasis ecosystem in inland river basins, and thus it is essential to comprehensively evaluate the response of eco-hydrological and socioeconomic systems to the EWDP. Based on multiple indicators, we used trend analysis, linear regression, partial least square regression, and structural equation model to disentangle the quantitative effects of the EWDP on the change of eco-hydrological and socioeconomic conditions in the Ejina Oasis (EO) in the lower reaches of the Heihe River in northwest China. Our results indicate that the ecological deterioration was prevalent before the execution of the EWDP, including the increase of groundwater depth, the disappearance of lakes, the decrease of NDVI. After the EWDP, runoff released to EO increased 69.15%, the mean groundwater depth decreased 0.48 m, 52.28% of the study area showed a significant increase in NDVI, areas of forest and grassland increased 20.17 and 25.65 km2, respectively. The EWDP improved the hydrological regime and prompted the recovery of the oasis. Besides, socioeconomic development was facilitated under the restoration of the eco-hydrological conditions, characterized by the expansion of farmland and the thrive of the tourism industry. The hydrological variables promoted the improvement of the ecological condition with a direct strength of 0.93 and facilitated the development of the socioeconomic conditions in EO with an indirect strength of 0.84. Runoff was the most important positive contributor both to the NDVI and GDP in EO. This comprehensive evaluation framework can offer valuable insight for water resources management and sustainable development in the inland river basin of arid areas.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"265 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80551701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-12DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2037787
S. Ouledali, E. Lumini, V. Bianciotto, H. Khemira, M. Ennajeh
Abstract Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a fundamental role in the development and survival of plant species in arid regions. The objectives of the present research were (1) to characterize the native AMF communities in olive orchard soils collected from arid regions of southern Tunisia and (2) to study the AMF-host specificity hypothesis. AMF spores were extracted from soil-root samples collected from orchards planted with two indigenous olive cultivars (Chemlali and Zarrazi) and located at three sites (Matmata, Zarzis and Tataouine) along an aridity gradient. First, the abundance of AMF spores was determined; then the AMF spores were grouped into several morpho-types and molecularly characterized by 18S rDNA nested-PCR approach. AMF abundance and diversity varied among cultivars and sites. Olive orchard soil of Zarzis site had the highest spore density (140 spores/100g soil), while the Tataouine site had the lowest density (100 spore/100 g soil). Pooled data of morpho-typing and sequence-driven analyses allowed the identification of 10 AMF taxa with the dominance of Glomeraceae family, represented by Glomus, Rhizophagus and Funneliformis genera, followed by Diversisporaceae family. The less arid site (Matmata) exhibited the highest AMF diversity, while the most arid-site (Tataouine) showed the lowest one. The cultivar Zarrazi displayed a higher ability to associate with AMF than Chemlali. For all analyzed sequences, five AMF taxa were associated with Chemlali and eight were associated with Zarrazi.
{"title":"Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in olive orchard soils in arid regions of Southern Tunisia","authors":"S. Ouledali, E. Lumini, V. Bianciotto, H. Khemira, M. Ennajeh","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2037787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2037787","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) play a fundamental role in the development and survival of plant species in arid regions. The objectives of the present research were (1) to characterize the native AMF communities in olive orchard soils collected from arid regions of southern Tunisia and (2) to study the AMF-host specificity hypothesis. AMF spores were extracted from soil-root samples collected from orchards planted with two indigenous olive cultivars (Chemlali and Zarrazi) and located at three sites (Matmata, Zarzis and Tataouine) along an aridity gradient. First, the abundance of AMF spores was determined; then the AMF spores were grouped into several morpho-types and molecularly characterized by 18S rDNA nested-PCR approach. AMF abundance and diversity varied among cultivars and sites. Olive orchard soil of Zarzis site had the highest spore density (140 spores/100g soil), while the Tataouine site had the lowest density (100 spore/100 g soil). Pooled data of morpho-typing and sequence-driven analyses allowed the identification of 10 AMF taxa with the dominance of Glomeraceae family, represented by Glomus, Rhizophagus and Funneliformis genera, followed by Diversisporaceae family. The less arid site (Matmata) exhibited the highest AMF diversity, while the most arid-site (Tataouine) showed the lowest one. The cultivar Zarrazi displayed a higher ability to associate with AMF than Chemlali. For all analyzed sequences, five AMF taxa were associated with Chemlali and eight were associated with Zarrazi.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"411 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89745465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-22DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2027570
F. Masoudi, M. Shirvani, H. Shariatmadari, M. Sabzalian
Abstract The selection of an appropriate soil nutrient-availability index, exhibiting high correlations with crop responses, is the first step in a soil-testing program. This study aimed to test if the quantity and rate of zinc (Zn) release from calcareous soils by two new extracting ligands provide suitable Zn availability indices for maize (Zea mays L.) or not. To this end, Zn extraction from diverse calcareous soils by three concentrations (0.005, 0.05, and 0.1 mol L−1) of glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) ligands with different shaking times were studied. A greenhouse pot experiment was also conducted to determine how Zn absorption by maize plants is correlated to the quantity and rate of Zn release from the soils. The result showed that the initial Zn release rates from the soils were significantly (r = 0.77 to 0.94, P < 0.05) correlated to plant Zn uptake. The results of the greenhouse correlation study also revealed that Zn uptake by maize represented the highest correlations with the amount of Zn extracted from soils by 0.05 M GLDA for 2 h (r = 0.87, P < 0.05), 0.05 M MGDA for 1 h (r = 0.86, P < 0.05), and 0.005 M MGDA for 0.5 h (r = 0.84, P < 0.05). These correlations were stronger than those obtained between the DTPA-extractable soil Zn and plant Zn uptake (r = 0.77, P < 0.05). Based on the finding of this study, both quantity and rate of Zn release from the soil by MGDA and GLDA ligands could be satisfactorily considered as Zn availability indices for maize in calcareous soils.
摘要选择与作物反应高度相关的土壤养分有效性指数是土壤试验的第一步。本研究旨在考察两种新型提取配体对钙质土壤锌的释放量和释放速率是否为玉米锌有效度提供了合适的指标。为此，研究了三种浓度(0.005、0.05和0.1 mol L−1)的谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸(GLDA)和甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA)配体在不同摇摇次数下对不同钙质土壤锌的提取。通过温室盆栽试验确定了玉米植株对锌的吸收与土壤中锌的释放量和速率之间的关系。结果表明，土壤锌的初始释放速率与植物锌吸收呈显著相关(r = 0.77 ~ 0.94, P < 0.05)。温室相关研究结果还表明，玉米对锌的吸收量与0.05 M GLDA处理2 h (r = 0.87, P < 0.05)、0.05 M MGDA处理1 h (r = 0.86, P < 0.05)和0.005 M MGDA处理0.5 h (r = 0.84, P < 0.05)的土壤锌吸收量相关性最高。这种相关性强于土壤锌与植物锌吸收量之间的相关性(r = 0.77, P < 0.05)。基于本研究结果，MGDA和GLDA配体从土壤中释放Zn的数量和速率都可以作为钙质土壤中玉米锌有效性的指标。
{"title":"Efficiency of MGDA and GLDA ligands in extracting plant-available Zn from calcareous soils: kinetics and optimization of extraction conditions","authors":"F. Masoudi, M. Shirvani, H. Shariatmadari, M. Sabzalian","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2027570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2027570","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The selection of an appropriate soil nutrient-availability index, exhibiting high correlations with crop responses, is the first step in a soil-testing program. This study aimed to test if the quantity and rate of zinc (Zn) release from calcareous soils by two new extracting ligands provide suitable Zn availability indices for maize (Zea mays L.) or not. To this end, Zn extraction from diverse calcareous soils by three concentrations (0.005, 0.05, and 0.1 mol L−1) of glutamic acid N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA) and methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) ligands with different shaking times were studied. A greenhouse pot experiment was also conducted to determine how Zn absorption by maize plants is correlated to the quantity and rate of Zn release from the soils. The result showed that the initial Zn release rates from the soils were significantly (r = 0.77 to 0.94, P < 0.05) correlated to plant Zn uptake. The results of the greenhouse correlation study also revealed that Zn uptake by maize represented the highest correlations with the amount of Zn extracted from soils by 0.05 M GLDA for 2 h (r = 0.87, P < 0.05), 0.05 M MGDA for 1 h (r = 0.86, P < 0.05), and 0.005 M MGDA for 0.5 h (r = 0.84, P < 0.05). These correlations were stronger than those obtained between the DTPA-extractable soil Zn and plant Zn uptake (r = 0.77, P < 0.05). Based on the finding of this study, both quantity and rate of Zn release from the soil by MGDA and GLDA ligands could be satisfactorily considered as Zn availability indices for maize in calcareous soils.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"398 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2022.2026531
Amal El Hamdi, Moad Morarech, Yousra El Mouine, Amediaz Rachid, Abderhamene El Ghmari, S. Yameogo, K. Chalikakis, Hasna Yachou, I. Kacimi, A. Zouahri, H. Dakak, T. Bouramtane, V. Vallès, L. Barbiero
Abstract The origins and spatial variability of salinity within irrigated plots are a constraint to good long-term field management. Regional depletion of groundwater resources, as well as soil salinization, have been reported in the Tadla plain, a key production area in Morocco. In the northwestern part, water supply is provided only by the local water table, whose evolution in level and salinity over the last 24 years has been analyzed. A mapping of 17 plots was carried out by electromagnetic induction (ECa) after calibration of the measurements with salinity (R 2 = 0.94). These plots are cultivated with different crops (wheat, olive, sugar beet, alfalfa, carrots) with little or no crop rotation, or left fallow. The results highlight two main factors of salinization. On the one hand, the type of crop leads to salinization that increases according to water needs, which are rarely satisfied, thus favoring the accumulation of salts in the upper part of the soil profile. This first factor explained 80 to 85% of the variance in ECa measurements. On the other hand, the gravity irrigation method associated with numerous leaks is responsible for an unequal distribution of water within the plots, associated with 15–20% of the variance. These results confirm the current unsustainable management of this hydro cultural system and highlight the need for better access to quality water and improved irrigation technology. A development proposal is briefly presented.
{"title":"Sources of spatial variability of soil salinity: the case of Beni Amir irrigated command areas in the Tadla Plain, Morocco","authors":"Amal El Hamdi, Moad Morarech, Yousra El Mouine, Amediaz Rachid, Abderhamene El Ghmari, S. Yameogo, K. Chalikakis, Hasna Yachou, I. Kacimi, A. Zouahri, H. Dakak, T. Bouramtane, V. Vallès, L. Barbiero","doi":"10.1080/15324982.2022.2026531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2026531","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The origins and spatial variability of salinity within irrigated plots are a constraint to good long-term field management. Regional depletion of groundwater resources, as well as soil salinization, have been reported in the Tadla plain, a key production area in Morocco. In the northwestern part, water supply is provided only by the local water table, whose evolution in level and salinity over the last 24 years has been analyzed. A mapping of 17 plots was carried out by electromagnetic induction (ECa) after calibration of the measurements with salinity (R 2 = 0.94). These plots are cultivated with different crops (wheat, olive, sugar beet, alfalfa, carrots) with little or no crop rotation, or left fallow. The results highlight two main factors of salinization. On the one hand, the type of crop leads to salinization that increases according to water needs, which are rarely satisfied, thus favoring the accumulation of salts in the upper part of the soil profile. This first factor explained 80 to 85% of the variance in ECa measurements. On the other hand, the gravity irrigation method associated with numerous leaks is responsible for an unequal distribution of water within the plots, associated with 15–20% of the variance. These results confirm the current unsustainable management of this hydro cultural system and highlight the need for better access to quality water and improved irrigation technology. A development proposal is briefly presented.","PeriodicalId":8380,"journal":{"name":"Arid Land Research and Management","volume":"147 1","pages":"245 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82934550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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