Archivum veterinarium Polonicum最新文献

Twenty-day administration of ochratoxin A (OA) at a dose of 1 mg/kg b.w. to one-day-old male chickens caused degenerative lesions in the epithelial cells of renal tubules and an advanced atrophy of bursal follicles which led to a marked reduction in the size of both bursal plicae and the whole organ. Moreover, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity in the brush border and an increase in acid phosphatase activity in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of renal tubules were found histochemically. An increase in acid phosphatase reaction in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the hepatic intracellular spaces along with glycogen degeneration of hepatocytes was observed. However, a long-term (20 weeks) administration of 0.2 mg of OA/kg in feed caused no histopathological lesions indicating mycotoxin intoxication. In addition, no detectable (> 0.0005 mg/kg) ochratoxin residues were found in the kidneys, liver, and thigh and pectoral muscles.

Male Wistar rats were given for 14 days folic acid as an addition to standard LSM food at the doses of 0.22 mg (group II), 2.2 mg (group III), 2.6 mg (group IV), 11 mg (group V) and 16.5 mg (group VI) per day/rat. In the beginning a decrease in body weight was observed and from the 7th day the weight started to increase to reach control value in all groups on the 14th day. Food intake was deteriorating with the acid concentration. The increased glucose and decreased insuline level in rat blood serum which were highly significant for groups IV and V as compared to control for the former parameter and significant for group V as compared to groups I and II for insuline indicate an effect of the excess of vitamin on endocrine function of pancreas. Increase in the muscle glicogen may result from intensified glicogenesis and gliconeogenesis processes due to folic acid.

It has been found that administering rabbit anti-bursa serum (ABS) to chickens, like neonatal bursectomy, brings about a decreased acid phosphatase (APh) reaction in germinal centres type I and II, and in the periellipsoidal lymphatic tissue (PEL) of the spleen. It has turned out, that following a stimulation with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in the blood serum of the ABS-treated chickens appear traces of specific anti-SRBC agglutinins, while in bursectomized chickens there is only a slight decrease in the titre of those antibodies. The results may serve as a base for further studies on the role and participation of the spleen structures in chicken immunological response.

60 bladders of American minks were dissected according to conventional method. Biometrical analysis with the use of digital image analysis system was applied to the triangles of the bladders. It was found that these triangles differ both in shape (narrow, broad) and symmetry (considerable asymmetry). The ureteral orifices also showed a variety in shape (five types) and number (double orifices).

Uptake1, Uptake2 and the release 3H-noradrenaline in ovarian artery (Oa) and in subovarian veno-arterial network (Sn) of pigs were studied on days 0, 1-2, 13-14 and 16-18 of the ovarian cycle. It was found that Uptake1 in Oa and in Sn was the lowest on the day of ovulation (day 0 = 100%) and then it increased in Sn by 59.9% (p < 0.05) on days 1-2, and was the highest on days 13-14 in Oa = 166.6% (p < 0.05) and in Sn = 208.8% (p < 0.01) and next it decreased on days 16-18 in Oa to 101.5% and in Sn to 136.0% (p < 0.05) in comparison with the day 0. Uptake2 in Oa and Sn was the lowest on the day 0 (100%) and the similarly low on days 16-18 of the estrous cycle, whereas it was markedly higher (p < 0.05) on days 1-2 by 56.2% and by 57.9% in Oa and Sn, and on days 13-14 by 34.1% and by 34.7% in Oa and Sn respectively. The spontaneous release of neuronal radioactivity in Oa was markedly higher only on days 16-18 (by 40.2-53.4%; p < 0.05), whereas release of extraneuronal radioactivity in Oa was the highest on the day O, and significantly lower (p < 0.05) on days 1-2 by 46.6-50.5%, on days 13-14 by 45.0-55.0%, and on days 16-18 by 58.5-61.7%. The spontaneous release of neuronal radioactivity in Sn was the highest on the day O and on days 16-18, whereas it was lower (p < 0.05) on days 1-2 by 53.7-55.6% and on days 13-14 by 36.0-46.4%. It seems that Uptake1 increase and simultaneously the decrease of NA neuronal release in subovarian veno-arterial network during luteal phase can be one of condition mechanisms leading to diminution of ovarian vessels tension and rise of ovarian blood flow.

Histopathological and ultrastructural examinations of muscles in broilers, receiving tiamulin and ionophoric anticoccidials were carried out. Myo- and cardiomyopathies, originating from primary mitochondria lesions were followed by ATP deficiency, oedema, degeneration and necrosis of myocytes. This process is reversible and manifested by slow regeneration of muscles.

The effects of synthetic and natural beta-carotene as well as vitamins A and E supplementation on the fertility of sows and number of piglets in a litter were the subject of our studies. The sows fed beta-carotene had from 2 to 4 more piglets in a litter. Vitamin E had a harmful influence on beta-carotene action. It was found that synthetic beta-carotene and vitamin A increased the number of viable embryos and yellow bodies in the sows slaughtered on the 28th day of gestation, moreover beta-carotene subsequently improved the fertility of sows in the next reproductive cycle.

The experiments were carried out with Peking breed female ducklings which on their second day of life were administered into the crop a single dose of 1.5 micrograms of aflatoxin B1. On the 14th and 15th day from administration of aflatoxin B1 the ducklings were intravenously injected a single dose of ACTH at 1 i.u. per 100 g bodyweight. Disturbances in the ducklings, initiated by aflatoxin and then increased by ACTH, manifested themselves by a change in the intensity of acid phosphatase reaction in the lymphatic organs tested. The occurrence of differentiated APh reaction (but intensified differently as compared to that in control ducklings) within bursa Fabricii and in periellipsoidal lymphatic tissue of the spleen was the expression of unevenly changed reactivity of respective tissues in those organs due to the action of aflatoxin B1. These results seem to present an interesting starting point for further multidirectional experiments, first of all in the range of immunological reactivity in birds.

Factor VIII level in horse, cattle, sheep and pig plasma was estimated by the use of synthetic chromogenic substrate S-2222 (benzoyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl-glycyl-arginyl-p-nitronilide). The highest level of this factor was stated in pig, the lowest one in sheep plasma.

200 g of fat in the form of greased wheat bran, was given cows during pasture feeding. For winter feeding on hay and silages the amount was 400 g of greased wheat bran or 400 g of oil in ground rapeseed per day and per animal. Influence of the fat addition on the yield and milk composition was observed in the case of pasture experiment. No such influence was observed in the winter feeding. Addition of fat advantageously influenced the chemical constituents in the cow blood in both experiments.