Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00676-x
Domenico Ribatti
Mast cells are involved in tumor growth and their mediators exert both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles in different human cancers. The identification of defined immunosuppressive pathways that are present in the tumor microenvironment has pointed therapeutic strategies that may promote inflammation and/or innate immune activation in this context. Mast cells can contribute to the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and may also enhance anti-tumor responses. This review article is focused on the analysis of the mechanisms of the role of mast cells in resistance to immunotherapy in cancer.
{"title":"Mast Cells and Resistance to Immunotherapy in Cancer","authors":"Domenico Ribatti","doi":"10.1007/s00005-023-00676-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00005-023-00676-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mast cells are involved in tumor growth and their mediators exert both pro- and anti-tumorigenic roles in different human cancers. The identification of defined immunosuppressive pathways that are present in the tumor microenvironment has pointed therapeutic strategies that may promote inflammation and/or innate immune activation in this context. Mast cells can contribute to the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and may also enhance anti-tumor responses. This review article is focused on the analysis of the mechanisms of the role of mast cells in resistance to immunotherapy in cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8389,"journal":{"name":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00005-023-00676-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9282408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, playing a role in the inflammatory process development and resolution, presenting two main phenotypes, pro-inflammatory M1, and anti-inflammatory M2. Therapies affecting the microglia phenotype may be beneficial in treating inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. In our experiments, we used the animal multiple sclerosis model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Rats were treated during the pre- or symptomatic phase of the disease with cyclophosphamide, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with/without post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Our study aimed to analyze the microglia phenotype in animals subjected to this treatment. The number of M1 cells in the spinal cord, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in the brain were similar in all experimental groups. The differences were observed in M2 cells number and arginase 1 (Arg1) levels, which were decreased in EAE animals, and increased after treatment in the symptomatic phase of EAE, and in the pre-symptomatic phase, but only with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Analysis of gene expression in the brain showed decreased iNOS expression in EAE animals treated in the symptomatic phase of EAE and no differences in Arg1 expression. Results indicate that treatment applied to experimental animals influences the microglia phenotype, promoting differentiation towards M2 cells.
{"title":"Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide on the Microglia Phenotype in Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis","authors":"Kaja Kasarełło, Martyna Seta, Dorota Sulejczak, Emilian Snarski, Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska","doi":"10.1007/s00005-023-00675-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00005-023-00675-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, playing a role in the inflammatory process development and resolution, presenting two main phenotypes, pro-inflammatory M1, and anti-inflammatory M2. Therapies affecting the microglia phenotype may be beneficial in treating inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases. In our experiments, we used the animal multiple sclerosis model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Rats were treated during the pre- or symptomatic phase of the disease with cyclophosphamide, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with/without post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Our study aimed to analyze the microglia phenotype in animals subjected to this treatment. The number of M1 cells in the spinal cord, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in the brain were similar in all experimental groups. The differences were observed in M2 cells number and arginase 1 (Arg1) levels, which were decreased in EAE animals, and increased after treatment in the symptomatic phase of EAE, and in the pre-symptomatic phase, but only with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide. Analysis of gene expression in the brain showed decreased <i>iNOS</i> expression in EAE animals treated in the symptomatic phase of EAE and no differences in <i>Arg1</i> expression. Results indicate that treatment applied to experimental animals influences the microglia phenotype, promoting differentiation towards M2 cells.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8389,"journal":{"name":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00005-023-00675-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9186865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00674-z
Jagoda Siemaszko, Aleksandra Marzec-Przyszlak, Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
The interest in NK cells and their cytotoxic activity against tumour, infected or transformed cells continuously increases as they become a new efficient and off-the-shelf agents in immunotherapies. Their actions are balanced by a wide set of activating and inhibitory receptors, recognizing their complementary ligands on target cells. One of the most studied receptors is the activating CD94/NKG2C molecule, which is a member of the C-type lectin-like family. This review is intended to summarise latest research findings on the clinical relevance of NKG2C receptor and to examine its contribution to current and potential therapeutic strategies. It outlines functional characteristics and molecular features of CD94/NKG2C, its interactions with HLA-E molecule and presented antigens, pointing out a key role of this receptor in immunosurveillance, especially in the human cytomegalovirus infection. Additionally, the authors attempt to shed some light on receptor’s unique interaction with its ligand which is shared with another receptor (CD94/NKG2A) with rather opposite properties.
{"title":"Activating NKG2C Receptor: Functional Characteristics and Current Strategies in Clinical Applications","authors":"Jagoda Siemaszko, Aleksandra Marzec-Przyszlak, Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik","doi":"10.1007/s00005-023-00674-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00005-023-00674-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interest in NK cells and their cytotoxic activity against tumour, infected or transformed cells continuously increases as they become a new efficient and off-the-shelf agents in immunotherapies. Their actions are balanced by a wide set of activating and inhibitory receptors, recognizing their complementary ligands on target cells. One of the most studied receptors is the activating CD94/NKG2C molecule, which is a member of the C-type lectin-like family. This review is intended to summarise latest research findings on the clinical relevance of NKG2C receptor and to examine its contribution to current and potential therapeutic strategies. It outlines functional characteristics and molecular features of CD94/NKG2C, its interactions with HLA-E molecule and presented antigens, pointing out a key role of this receptor in immunosurveillance, especially in the human cytomegalovirus infection. Additionally, the authors attempt to shed some light on receptor’s unique interaction with its ligand which is shared with another receptor (CD94/NKG2A) with rather opposite properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8389,"journal":{"name":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00005-023-00674-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9451071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00672-1
Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust, Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi, Tania Dehesh, Nima Taefehshokr, Adel Sadeghdoust, Katarzyna Kotfis, Amirhossein Hashemiattar, Amir Ravandi, Neda Aligolighasemabadi, Omid Vakili, Beniamin Grabarek, Rafał Staszkiewicz, Marek J. Łos, Pooneh Mokarram, Saeid Ghavami
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore the effect of statins on long-term respiratory symptoms and pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients were recruited from three tertiary hospitals, categorized into Statin or Non-statin groups, and assessed on days 0, 28, and 90 after symptoms onset to record the duration of symptoms. Pulmonary fibrosis was scored at baseline and follow-up time points by high-resolution computed tomography scans. Each group comprised 176 patients after propensity score matching. Data analysis revealed that the odds of having cough and dyspnea were significantly higher in the Non-statin group compared to the Statin group during the follow-up period. Overall, there was no significant difference in the change in pulmonary fibrosis score between groups. However, Non-statin patients with > 5 years of DM were more likely to exhibit a significantly higher fibrosis score during the follow-up period as compared to their peers in the Statin group. Our results suggest that the use of statins is associated with a lower risk of developing chronic cough and dyspnea in diabetic patients with COVID-19, and may reduce pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19 in patients with long-term (> 5 years) DM.