Mardan A. Pirdawood, Shadman R. Kareem, Dashne Ch. Zahir
Digital information, especially multimedia and its applications, has grown exponentially in recent years. It is important to strengthen sophisticated encryption algorithms due to the security needs of these innovative systems. The security of real-time audio applications is ensured in the present study through a framework for encryption. The design framework protects the confidentiality and integrity of voice communications by encrypting audio applications. A modern method of securing communication and protecting data is cryptography. Using cryptography is one of the most important techniques for protecting data and ensuring the security of messaging. The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel encryption scheme that can be used in real-time audio applications. We encrypt the sound using a combination of an infinite series of hyperbolic functions and the Laplace transform, and then decrypt it using the inverse Laplace transform. The modular arithmetic rules are used to generate the key for the coefficients acquired from the transformation. There is no loss of data or noise in the decryption sound. We also put several sound examples to the test
{"title":"Audio Encryption Framework Using the Laplace Transformation","authors":"Mardan A. Pirdawood, Shadman R. Kareem, Dashne Ch. Zahir","doi":"10.14500/aro.11165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11165","url":null,"abstract":"Digital information, especially multimedia and its applications, has grown exponentially in recent years. It is important to strengthen sophisticated encryption algorithms due to the security needs of these innovative systems. The security of real-time audio applications is ensured in the present study through a framework for encryption. The design framework protects the confidentiality and integrity of voice communications by encrypting audio applications. A modern method of securing communication and protecting data is cryptography. Using cryptography is one of the most important techniques for protecting data and ensuring the security of messaging. The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel encryption scheme that can be used in real-time audio applications. We encrypt the sound using a combination of an infinite series of hyperbolic functions and the Laplace transform, and then decrypt it using the inverse Laplace transform. The modular arithmetic rules are used to generate the key for the coefficients acquired from the transformation. There is no loss of data or noise in the decryption sound. We also put several sound examples to the test","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75634081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Influenza viruses pose a serious threat to public health, with severe cases often characterized by lung damage and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the essential role of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets (PLTs) in influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Conducted at the Department of Rare Respiratory Diseases, Cystic Fibrosis, and Pulmonology, Nord University Hospital, Marseille, France, the study collected seventy blood samples between October 2018 and March 2019. Samples were obtained from healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with IAV. Messenger RNA was extracted from isolated PLTs and subjected to quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction using sets of primers targeting immune marker genes. Western blot analysis was also performed for confirmation, focusing on Fas Ligand (FasL). Results showed that PLTs from IAV-infected individuals expressed the FasL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and Granulysin (GNLY) receptors when activated. Furthermore, an in vitro assay revealed the presence of FasL receptors on infected CMK cell lines. In vivo investigations demonstrated that activated MKs and PLTs in mice also expressed FasL. Interestingly, none of the immune receptors under investigation were found in both MKs and PLTs in mouse model studies. In conclusion, MKs and PLTs play a significant role in influencing immune responses that may help prevent viral spread during infection. However, further examination of their mechanisms of action is warranted. Understanding the involvement of these cells in influenza pathogenesis could offer valuable insights for developing potential therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Immunological Role of Megakaryocytes and Platelets during Influenza A Virus Infection","authors":"Fryad M. Rahman","doi":"10.14500/aro.11197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11197","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza viruses pose a serious threat to public health, with severe cases often characterized by lung damage and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the essential role of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets (PLTs) in influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Conducted at the Department of Rare Respiratory Diseases, Cystic Fibrosis, and Pulmonology, Nord University Hospital, Marseille, France, the study collected seventy blood samples between October 2018 and March 2019. Samples were obtained from healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with IAV. Messenger RNA was extracted from isolated PLTs and subjected to quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction using sets of primers targeting immune marker genes. Western blot analysis was also performed for confirmation, focusing on Fas Ligand (FasL). Results showed that PLTs from IAV-infected individuals expressed the FasL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and Granulysin (GNLY) receptors when activated. Furthermore, an in vitro assay revealed the presence of FasL receptors on infected CMK cell lines. In vivo investigations demonstrated that activated MKs and PLTs in mice also expressed FasL. Interestingly, none of the immune receptors under investigation were found in both MKs and PLTs in mouse model studies. In conclusion, MKs and PLTs play a significant role in influencing immune responses that may help prevent viral spread during infection. However, further examination of their mechanisms of action is warranted. Understanding the involvement of these cells in influenza pathogenesis could offer valuable insights for developing potential therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74881879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, energy-level schemes and reduced electric transition strengths of neutron-rich Tin isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn (Z=50) are studied using collective models, that is, particle-particle Tamm-Dancoff Approximation and particle-particle Random Phase Approximation. According to these models, the excited states of closed-core A+2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of particle-particle pairs. In our investigation, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn are described by acting two-particle operators on a correlated core 100Sn, 108Sn, 114Sn, 118Sn, and 120Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron interaction and modified surface delta interaction. The calculated values are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. Our calculated results are compared to the available experimental data, and these comparisons led to reasonable agreements. Effective charges are also used to account for the core polarization effect.
{"title":"Particle-Particle Collective Excitations of Sn isotopes","authors":"A. Taqi, Fahema A. Saber","doi":"10.14500/aro.11153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11153","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, energy-level schemes and reduced electric transition strengths of neutron-rich Tin isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn (Z=50) are studied using collective models, that is, particle-particle Tamm-Dancoff Approximation and particle-particle Random Phase Approximation. According to these models, the excited states of closed-core A+2 systems with multipolarity J and isospin T can be described as a linear combination of particle-particle pairs. In our investigation, the low-lying states of the investigated isotopes 102, 110, 116, 120, 122Sn are described by acting two-particle operators on a correlated core 100Sn, 108Sn, 114Sn, 118Sn, and 120Sn, respectively. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized within the model space include {1g7/2, 2d5/2, 2d3/2, 3s1/2 and 1h11/2} orbits, using the matrix elements of neutron-neutron interaction and modified surface delta interaction. The calculated values are checked by using the resultant eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the excitation energies and reduced electric transition strengths. Our calculated results are compared to the available experimental data, and these comparisons led to reasonable agreements. Effective charges are also used to account for the core polarization effect.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77285606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A seismic fragility curve is a visual representation that illustrates the likelihood of a structure surpassing a particular damage or performance limit state caused by an earthquake with a specific intensity or ground motion level. This curve is typically generated using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and structural reliability analysis methods. It is based on statistical models that rely on past earthquake data and simulations of future earthquake scenarios to predict the structure or system’s behavior under seismic forces. In this study, the seismic performance of 30 stories of 95 m height dual system reinforced concrete buildings located in Erbil is evaluated by analyzing three distinct ground motions. A non-linear platform is used to simulate and analyze data, followed by the generation of seismic inter-story drift fragility curves using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. The buildings’ seismic structural performance is assessed based on five different performance levels, including operational phase, immediate occupancy, damage control, life safety, and collapse prevention (CP). Each level is associated with different levels of damage and corresponding degrees of functionality and safety. The fragility curves show that the building has a 50% chance of achieving or exceeding the (CP) level with highly intense ground vibrations with peak ground acceleration = 1.6 g. In addition, these curves can be beneficial in creating future local design codes and provide significant support in evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings.
{"title":"Seismic Fragility Curves for Reinforced Concrete Dual System Buildings","authors":"Sarwar S. Ismael, Faris R. Ahmed","doi":"10.14500/aro.11172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11172","url":null,"abstract":"A seismic fragility curve is a visual representation that illustrates the likelihood of a structure surpassing a particular damage or performance limit state caused by an earthquake with a specific intensity or ground motion level. This curve is typically generated using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and structural reliability analysis methods. It is based on statistical models that rely on past earthquake data and simulations of future earthquake scenarios to predict the structure or system’s behavior under seismic forces. In this study, the seismic performance of 30 stories of 95 m height dual system reinforced concrete buildings located in Erbil is evaluated by analyzing three distinct ground motions. A non-linear platform is used to simulate and analyze data, followed by the generation of seismic inter-story drift fragility curves using Incremental Dynamic Analysis. The buildings’ seismic structural performance is assessed based on five different performance levels, including operational phase, immediate occupancy, damage control, life safety, and collapse prevention (CP). Each level is associated with different levels of damage and corresponding degrees of functionality and safety. The fragility curves show that the building has a 50% chance of achieving or exceeding the (CP) level with highly intense ground vibrations with peak ground acceleration = 1.6 g. In addition, these curves can be beneficial in creating future local design codes and provide significant support in evaluating the seismic performance of existing buildings.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85631538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overshot gate is a commonly used adjustable overflow weir for regulating the upstream water level in open channels. The amount of gate movement is proportional to the water level change. However, to effectively manage the water flow, it is also important for operators to accurately measure the flow rate in the channel. This study examines an overshot gate installed at the end of a laboratory flume to estimate the flow rate under various free flow conditions. This study investigates different gate angles ranging from 9.6° to 90° to evaluate their impact on the flow properties and the discharge coefficient. The analysis of the results indicates that the maximum flow rate values can be achieved with gate inclinations from 15.5° to 47.2° with relatively lower head; the inclined alignment of the gate decreases the effective gate height which consequently increases the gate efficiency. The use of the overshot gate is advantageous over the normal gate when channel depth is limited and higher discharge is required at relatively lower head. In this study, at the highest gate inclinations, the water surface is significantly stable having the lowest values of the approach Froude number. In addition, the head to gate height ratio decreases with raising the gate due to the reduced vertical contraction of the channel. Finally, this paper proposes an empirical equation for estimating the discharge coefficient based on the gate inclination, which demonstrates good accuracy in the specified range.
{"title":"The Overshot Gate as a Flow-Measuring Device","authors":"Jihan M. Qasim","doi":"10.14500/aro.11170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11170","url":null,"abstract":"The overshot gate is a commonly used adjustable overflow weir for regulating the upstream water level in open channels. The amount of gate movement is proportional to the water level change. However, to effectively manage the water flow, it is also important for operators to accurately measure the flow rate in the channel. This study examines an overshot gate installed at the end of a laboratory flume to estimate the flow rate under various free flow conditions. This study investigates different gate angles ranging from 9.6° to 90° to evaluate their impact on the flow properties and the discharge coefficient. The analysis of the results indicates that the maximum flow rate values can be achieved with gate inclinations from 15.5° to 47.2° with relatively lower head; the inclined alignment of the gate decreases the effective gate height which consequently increases the gate efficiency. The use of the overshot gate is advantageous over the normal gate when channel depth is limited and higher discharge is required at relatively lower head. In this study, at the highest gate inclinations, the water surface is significantly stable having the lowest values of the approach Froude number. In addition, the head to gate height ratio decreases with raising the gate due to the reduced vertical contraction of the channel. Finally, this paper proposes an empirical equation for estimating the discharge coefficient based on the gate inclination, which demonstrates good accuracy in the specified range.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84700150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corrosion is one of the disasters attacking the drilling tools, particularly the drill pipes. Drilling fluid is the corrosive that increase the rate of corrosion in the pipes. In this study, it is intended to reduce the corrosivity of drilling fluid using a Prosopis farcta powder material. A natural, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly additive is added to the fluid in different particle sizes and amounts to obtain the lowest corrosion rate. Experiments are conducted in a well-like environment (high pressure high temperature filter press) over a wide range of parameters including pressure, temperature, and properties of the drilling fluid under dynamic conditions. The aim is to eliminate or reduce the corrosivity of the mud as well as to control the losses. The results showed a lower corrosion rate, 0.0029 mm/year, using P. farcta material in comparison with those obtained by researchers in the previous studies.
{"title":"Drilling Pipe Corrosion Reduction Using Natural, Biodegradable, and Environmentally Friendly Additive to the Drilling Fluid","authors":"P. Jaf, Jafari Ali, A. Razzaq","doi":"10.14500/aro.11148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11148","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion is one of the disasters attacking the drilling tools, particularly the drill pipes. Drilling fluid is the corrosive that increase the rate of corrosion in the pipes. In this study, it is intended to reduce the corrosivity of drilling fluid using a Prosopis farcta powder material. A natural, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly additive is added to the fluid in different particle sizes and amounts to obtain the lowest corrosion rate. Experiments are conducted in a well-like environment (high pressure high temperature filter press) over a wide range of parameters including pressure, temperature, and properties of the drilling fluid under dynamic conditions. The aim is to eliminate or reduce the corrosivity of the mud as well as to control the losses. The results showed a lower corrosion rate, 0.0029 mm/year, using P. farcta material in comparison with those obtained by researchers in the previous studies.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87750424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The usability and scalability of Internet of things (IoT) technology are expanding in such a way that they facilitate human living standards. However, they increase the vulnerabilities and attack vectors over IoT networks as well. Thus, more security challenges could be expected and encountered, and more security services and solutions should be provided. Although many security techniques propose and promise good solutions for that intrusion detection systems IDSs still considered the best. Many works proposed machine learning (ML)-based IDSs for IoT attack detection and classification. Nevertheless, they suffer from two main gaps. First, few of the works utilized or could analyze an up-to-date version of IoT-based attack behaviors. Second, few of the works can be considered as multi-class attack detection and classification. Therefore, this work proposes an intelligent IDS (IIDS) by exploiting the ability of ML algorithms to classify and identify malicious from benign behaviors among IoT network packets. Three ML classifier algorithms are investigated, which are K-Nearest Neighbor, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. The developed models have been trained and tested as binary and multi-class classifiers against 15 types of attacks and benign. This work employs an up-to-date dataset known as IoT23, which covers millions of malicious and benign behaviors of IoT-connected devices. The process of developing the proposed IIDSs goes under different preprocessing phases and methods, such as null value solving, SMOTE method for the imbalanced datasets, data normalization, and feature selections. The results present IIDSs as good binary and multi-class classifiers even for zero-day attacks.
{"title":"An Intelligent Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things Attack Detection and Identification Using Machine Learning","authors":"Trifa S. Othman, Saman M. Abdullah","doi":"10.14500/aro.11124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11124","url":null,"abstract":"The usability and scalability of Internet of things (IoT) technology are expanding in such a way that they facilitate human living standards. However, they increase the vulnerabilities and attack vectors over IoT networks as well. Thus, more security challenges could be expected and encountered, and more security services and solutions should be provided. Although many security techniques propose and promise good solutions for that intrusion detection systems IDSs still considered the best. Many works proposed machine learning (ML)-based IDSs for IoT attack detection and classification. Nevertheless, they suffer from two main gaps. First, few of the works utilized or could analyze an up-to-date version of IoT-based attack behaviors. Second, few of the works can be considered as multi-class attack detection and classification. Therefore, this work proposes an intelligent IDS (IIDS) by exploiting the ability of ML algorithms to classify and identify malicious from benign behaviors among IoT network packets. Three ML classifier algorithms are investigated, which are K-Nearest Neighbor, support vector machine, and artificial neural network. The developed models have been trained and tested as binary and multi-class classifiers against 15 types of attacks and benign. This work employs an up-to-date dataset known as IoT23, which covers millions of malicious and benign behaviors of IoT-connected devices. The process of developing the proposed IIDSs goes under different preprocessing phases and methods, such as null value solving, SMOTE method for the imbalanced datasets, data normalization, and feature selections. The results present IIDSs as good binary and multi-class classifiers even for zero-day attacks.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78251449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new structure of microstrip-based low-pass filter with wide stopband and sharp roll-off is introduced, in this paper. In the proposed topology, resonators with T and modified L Shapes have been used. To improve the suppression factor and relative stopband bandwidth, the second resonator has been added to the first resonator. The designed filter has been fabricated on a 20 mm thickness RO4003 substrate, which has a loss tangent of 0.0021 and a relative dielectric constant equal to 3.38. All parameters including roll of rate, stopband, bandwidth, return loss, insertion loss, and figure of merit have significant coefficients. Simulation has been ran using advanced design system software. The 3dB cutoff frequency is appropriate. The value of the insertion loss parameter is <0.1 dB and the S11 parameter is −22 dB at this point. The stopband is extended from 2.42 up to 24 GHz, which shows an ultra-stopband. The results of the simulation and experiment are almost similar, which indicates a proper performance of the designed structure.
{"title":"A Miniaturized wide Stopband Low-pass Filter using T and Modified L Shapes Resonators","authors":"M. D. Fadaee, F. Shama, M. S. Feali, M. S. Gilan","doi":"10.14500/aro.11157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11157","url":null,"abstract":"A new structure of microstrip-based low-pass filter with wide stopband and sharp roll-off is introduced, in this paper. In the proposed topology, resonators with T and modified L Shapes have been used. To improve the suppression factor and relative stopband bandwidth, the second resonator has been added to the first resonator. The designed filter has been fabricated on a 20 mm thickness RO4003 substrate, which has a loss tangent of 0.0021 and a relative dielectric constant equal to 3.38. All parameters including roll of rate, stopband, bandwidth, return loss, insertion loss, and figure of merit have significant coefficients. Simulation has been ran using advanced design system software. The 3dB cutoff frequency is appropriate. The value of the insertion loss parameter is <0.1 dB and the S11 parameter is −22 dB at this point. The stopband is extended from 2.42 up to 24 GHz, which shows an ultra-stopband. The results of the simulation and experiment are almost similar, which indicates a proper performance of the designed structure.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74072073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines the measurements of radiation detection and heavy metals in blood samples of leukemia and health groups using CR-39 nuclear track detectors and X-ray fluorescence. The results show that the minimum and maximum values of uranium contents found in leukemia blood samples of male (18 years) and female (55 years) patients, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Ni) and radium contents is higher in leukemia blood samples, as compared with their concentration in healthy blood samples.
{"title":"Radiation Detection and Heavy Metals Measurements in Powdered Blood Sample of Leukemia Patients","authors":"Z. Hussein","doi":"10.14500/aro.11136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11136","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the measurements of radiation detection and heavy metals in blood samples of leukemia and health groups using CR-39 nuclear track detectors and X-ray fluorescence. The results show that the minimum and maximum values of uranium contents found in leukemia blood samples of male (18 years) and female (55 years) patients, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Ni) and radium contents is higher in leukemia blood samples, as compared with their concentration in healthy blood samples.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90795469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barham K. Rahim, Peshawa O. Amin, F. Muhammadsharif, S. Saeed, Kamal A. Ketuly
In this work, the optical properties and optoelectronics parameters of binary and ternary composite films made of two electron acceptors, poly(L-Tryptophane) and poly(5-hydroxy-L-Tryptophane), with an electron donor, P(TER-CO-TRI), doped with Sudan dyes, are comprehensively investigated. The films with different volumetric ratios of the components were deposited onto the glass substrates using spin coating technique. Results showed that with the help of dye doping into the binary systems of poly(L-Tryptophane):P(TRI-co-TER) (1:2) and poly(5-hydroxy-L-Tryptophane):P(TRI-co-TER)(1:2), the refractive index was increased from 2.01 to 2.32. The nature of the electronic transition in the studied films was found to be a direct allowed transition, which was derived from Tauc’s equation. The combination of Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique and absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the molecular energy levels, HOMO and LUMO of the polymer samples. It was seen that the mixture of poly(L-Tryptophane):P(TRI-co-TER):Sudan dye (1:2:2) has led to increase the energy gap to 2.95 eV and the real optical conductivity ( ) to about 433.11 S.cm-1. According to the findings, the investigated polymers can have a great potential for semitransparent organic solar cells.
本文研究了由两个电子受体聚(l -色氨酸)和聚(5-羟基- l -色氨酸)与一个电子给体P(TER-CO-TRI)掺杂苏丹红染料组成的二元和三元复合薄膜的光学性质和光电学参数。采用自旋镀膜技术在玻璃基板上制备了不同体积比组分的薄膜。结果表明，将染料掺杂到聚(l -色氨酸):P(TRI-co-TER)(1:2)和聚(5-羟基- l -色氨酸):P(TRI-co-TER)(1:2)二元体系中，折射率由2.01提高到2.32。研究发现薄膜中的电子跃迁性质为直接允许跃迁，由Tauc方程导出。采用循环伏安法(CV)和吸收光谱相结合的方法测定了聚合物样品的分子能级、HOMO和LUMO。结果表明，poly(l - tryptophan):P(TRI-co-TER):Sudan dye(1:2:2)的混合物能隙提高到2.95 eV，实际光导率()约为433.11 S.cm-1。根据研究结果，所研究的聚合物在半透明有机太阳能电池中具有很大的潜力。
{"title":"Optical and Optoelectronic Studies of Binary and Ternary Films of Poly(L-Tryptophane), Poly(5-hydroxy-L-tryptophane), and P(TER-CO-TRI) Doped with Sudan Dye","authors":"Barham K. Rahim, Peshawa O. Amin, F. Muhammadsharif, S. Saeed, Kamal A. Ketuly","doi":"10.14500/aro.11103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14500/aro.11103","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the optical properties and optoelectronics parameters of binary and ternary composite films made of two electron acceptors, poly(L-Tryptophane) and poly(5-hydroxy-L-Tryptophane), with an electron donor, P(TER-CO-TRI), doped with Sudan dyes, are comprehensively investigated. The films with different volumetric ratios of the components were deposited onto the glass substrates using spin coating technique. Results showed that with the help of dye doping into the binary systems of poly(L-Tryptophane):P(TRI-co-TER) (1:2) and poly(5-hydroxy-L-Tryptophane):P(TRI-co-TER)(1:2), the refractive index was increased from 2.01 to 2.32. The nature of the electronic transition in the studied films was found to be a direct allowed transition, which was derived from Tauc’s equation. The combination of Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique and absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the molecular energy levels, HOMO and LUMO of the polymer samples. It was seen that the mixture of poly(L-Tryptophane):P(TRI-co-TER):Sudan dye (1:2:2) has led to increase the energy gap to 2.95 eV and the real optical conductivity ( ) to about 433.11 S.cm-1. According to the findings, the investigated polymers can have a great potential for semitransparent organic solar cells.","PeriodicalId":8398,"journal":{"name":"ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74114046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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