Arthritis and rheumatism最新文献

Objective: Meniscal tears and osteoarthritis (OA) frequently coexist, but to our knowledge, no data exist to identify who will benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) versus nonoperative management. Our objective was to evaluate the capability of preoperative information to predict APM outcomes in OA.

Methods: Using a mathematical model and published data, we combined 2 clinical (mechanical symptoms and pain pattern) and 2 magnetic resonance imaging (tear type and bone marrow lesions) indicators into 36 possible combinations and ranked each combination according to the likelihood of having primarily tear- versus OA-related pain in individuals ages 45-65 years with knee pain, OA, and meniscal tears. By considering alternative thresholds for performing APM, we identified the cutoff rank that maximized the overall population International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (0-100 scale).

Results: Rank 1 (e.g., displaced tear, locking, increased pain, no bone marrow lesions) represented the highest likelihood of APM benefit; rank 36 (e.g., oblique tear, no mechanical symptoms, static pain, severe bone marrow lesions) represented the lowest likelihood of APM benefit. Indeterminate middle ranks included individuals with mixed findings (i.e., 2 findings consistent with high and 2 with low likelihood of APM benefit). APM thresholds between ranks 17 and 23 resulted in >82% of the population receiving treatment producing the greatest possible IKDC improvement, with mean incremental gains in IKDC score of >24 points. Findings were robust across a broad range of indicator assumptions, but were sensitive to outcome assumptions.

Conclusion: Among individuals with degenerative meniscal tears and OA, easily obtainable clinical information can differentiate those who are more likely to benefit from APM.

Objective: To compare clinical evaluation and ultrasonography (US) in the assessment of joint synovitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods: Thirty-two patients underwent clinical evaluation of 52 joints by 2 pediatric rheumatologists. Joints were assessed for swelling, tenderness/pain on motion, and restricted motion. The same joints were scanned independently by an experienced sonographer for synovial hyperplasia, joint effusion, and power Doppler (PD) signal.

Results: In total, 1,664 joints were assessed both clinically and with US. On clinical examination, 98 joints (5.9%) were swollen, 59 joints (3.5%) were tender, and 40 joints (2.4%) had restricted motion. On US evaluation, 125 joints (7.5%) had synovial hyperplasia, 153 joints (9.2%) had joint effusion, and 53 joints (3.2%) had PD signal. A total of 104 (6.3%) and 167 (10%) joints had clinical and US synovitis, respectively. Of the 1,560 clinically normal joints, 86 (5.5%) had subclinical synovitis (i.e., had synovitis on US). US led to classifying 5 patients as having polyarthritis who were classified as having oligoarthritis or were found to have no synovitis on clinical evaluation. US variables were moderately correlated with clinical measures of joint swelling, but poorly correlated with those of joint tenderness/pain on motion and restricted motion. Overall, correlations were lower for PD signal than for synovial hyperplasia and joint effusion.

Conclusion: We found that subclinical synovitis as detected by US is common in children with JIA. This finding may have important implications for patient classification and may affect the choice of the optimal therapeutic strategy in individual patients.

Objective: Within the UK, differences exist between physical therapists' use of exercise for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and recent exercise recommendations. This may be explained by their underlying attitudes and beliefs. We aimed to describe UK physical therapists' attitudes and beliefs regarding exercise and knee OA, and understand and explain them.

Methods: A survey was mailed to 2,000 UK-based chartered physical therapists that included 23 attitude statements derived from recently published recommendations. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of questionnaire respondents (n = 24), and were recorded and analyzed thematically.

Results: The questionnaire response rate was 58% (n = 1,152); 538 respondents reported treating a patient with knee OA in the last 6 months. The survey highlighted uncertainty about potential benefits of exercise for knee OA: only 56% largely/totally agreed that knee problems are improved by local exercise. Although exercise adherence was deemed important, it was seen as the patient's, not the therapist's, responsibility. Interviews revealed an underlying biomedical model of care of knee pain, with knee OA viewed as a progressive degenerative condition. A paternalistic treatment approach was evident. Health care systems presented a number of barriers to best practice, including limited opportunity to provide followup.

Conclusion: Although the attitudes and beliefs of physical therapists may help to explain differences between current practice and recent exercise recommendations, the wider health care system also plays a part. Further research is needed to support meaningful shifts in physical therapy care in line with the best practice recommendations.

Objective: By magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), subchondral bone attrition (SBA) can be seen in early osteoarthritis (OA), but the significance of this is unknown. We therefore evaluated whether SBA was associated with cartilage loss within the same subregion of the knee.

Methods: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a cohort of individuals who have or are at high risk for knee OA. At baseline and 30 months, participants' knee MRIs were graded using the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score in the 10 subregions of the tibiofemoral joint for cartilage morphology and SBA. We conducted analyses within a knee to eliminate between-person confounding, using an M:N (cases:controls) matched case-control approach with the 10 subregions of a person's knee forming a matched set. Cases within a knee were defined as subregions with cartilage loss, while controls were subregions in that same knee without cartilage loss. We evaluated the association of cartilage loss over 30 months with the presence of baseline SBA in the same subregion within that knee using conditional logistic regression.

Results: SBA was associated with an odds ratio of 7.5 (95% confidence interval 5.6-9.9, P < 0.0001) for cartilage loss in the same subregion compared with subregions without any baseline SBA in our sample of 459 knees from participants, 64% of whom were women, with a mean age of 63 years and a mean body mass index of 30.5 kg/m(2).

Conclusion: SBA is strongly associated with cartilage loss within the same subregion of a knee. SBA may directly influence overlying cartilage loss or serve as a marker of an area undergoing great compressive stress and in which cartilage loss is inevitable.

Objective: To study the usefulness of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) for response prediction and monitoring of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.

Methods: Patients were included consecutively before starting etanercept or infliximab treatment. ASsessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS) response, defined as a 50% improvement or an absolute improvement of 2 points of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI; 0-10 scale), was assessed at 3 months. Inflammatory markers and the BASDAI were collected at baseline and 1 and 3 months. Longitudinal data analysis was performed to compare associations between inflammatory markers and the BASDAI over time by calculating standardized betas. Predictive values of baseline levels of inflammatory markers for ASAS response were calculated.

Results: In total, 155 patients were included, of whom, after 3 months of treatment, 70% in the etanercept cohort and 71% in the infliximab cohort responded. All markers, notably SAA, decreased significantly (P < 0.0001). Standardized betas were 0.49 for ESR, 0.43 for CRP, and 0.39 for SAA. Normal baseline levels of CRP and SAA were significantly associated with nonresponse. A combination of elevated CRP and SAA levels at baseline revealed the highest predictive value (81%) for ASAS response.

Conclusion: ESR, CRP, and SAA were significantly associated with the BASDAI over 3 months, and the association with ESR was the strongest. Elevated baseline CRP and SAA levels revealed the highest predictive value for response. Together, this study demonstrates that inflammatory markers, and notably CRP and SAA, may facilitate patient selection and monitoring of efficacy of anti-TNF treatment in AS, and could be added to response criteria.

Objective: To examine factors associated with pain among Latinos with arthritis, identify common coping strategies and potentially effective interventions, and determine whether pain levels affect the level of interest in potentially useful programs.

Methods: Using a convenience sampling approach and a combination of face-to-face and telephone surveys, 588 Latino adults in Oregon with arthritis were interviewed. The intensity of pain during a typical day was assessed using a scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). A score of >or=7 was defined as severe pain.

Results: More than 60% of Latinos reported severe pain. Results from an ordinary least square regression indicated that among Latinos with arthritis, women, those with lower levels of education, and those reporting poor or fair self-rated health and functional limitations had higher levels of pain, after controlling for confounders. Those with severe pain were more likely than those with lower levels of pain to use over the counter medicine and home remedies to manage their arthritis. In addition, Latinos with greater pain were more likely to be interested in arthritis management programs.

Conclusion: These findings have important implications for public health policy. The strong interest of Latinos in various arthritis and joint pain management programs could prove to be an important avenue for supporting a population with high levels of arthritic pain and lack of health insurance. These pain management programs are all the more appealing, given the availability of a number of evidence-based, low-cost interventions.

Objective: Work disability is a serious consequence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted a 6-month, prospective randomized controlled trial comparing assessments of function, work, coping, and disease activity in employed patients with RA receiving occupational therapy intervention versus usual care.

Methods: Employed patients with RA with increased perceived work disability risk were identified by the RA Work Instability Scale (WIS; score >or=10). Patients were stratified into medium- (score >or=10 and <17) and high-risk (>or=17) groups, then randomized into occupational therapy or usual care groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), a standardized patient self-report of function. Other outcomes included the disability index (DI) of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ); Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28); RA WIS; EuroQol Index; visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, work satisfaction, and work performance; and days missed/month. Independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used.

Results: We recruited 32 employed patients with RA. At baseline the groups were well matched. At 6 months the improvement in the occupational therapy group was significantly greater than that in the usual care group for all functional outcomes (COPM performance P < 0.001, COPM satisfaction P < 0.001, HAQ DI P = 0.02) and most work outcomes (RA WIS [P = 0.04], VAS work satisfaction [P < 0.001], VAS work performance [P = 0.01]). Additionally, Arthritis Helplessness Index (P = 0.02), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales II pain subscale (P = 0.03), VAS pain (P = 0.007), EuroQol Index (P = 0.02), EuroQol global (P = 0.02), and DAS28 (P = 0.03) scores significantly improved.

Conclusion: Targeted, comprehensive occupational therapy intervention improves functional and work-related outcomes in employed RA patients at risk of work disability.

Objective: Clinical trials in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) involve assessment of the skin and joints. This study aimed to determine whether assessment of the skin and joints in patients with PsA by rheumatologists and dermatologists is reproducible.

Methods: Ten rheumatologists and 9 dermatologists from 7 countries met for a combined physical examination exercise to assess 20 PsA patients (11 men, mean age 51 years, mean PsA duration 11 years). Each physician assessed 10 patients according to a modified Latin square design that enabled the assessment of patient, assessor, and order effect. Tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), dactylitis, physician's global assessment (PGA) of PsA disease activity (PGA-PsA), psoriasis body surface area (BSA), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Lattice System Physician's Global Assessment of psoriasis (LS-PGA), National Psoriasis Foundation Psoriasis Score (NPF-PS), modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI), number of fingernails with nail changes (NN), and PGA of psoriasis activity (PGA-Ps) were assessed. Variance components analyses were carried out to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), adjusted for the order of measurements.

Results: There is excellent agreement (ICC >/=0.80) on the mNAPSI, substantial agreement (0.6 >/= ICC < 0.80) on the TJC, PASI, and NN, moderate agreement (0.4 >/= ICC < 0.60) on the PGA-Ps, LS-PGA, NPF-PS, and BSA, and fair agreement (0.2 >/= ICC < 0.40) on the SJC, dactylitis, and PGA-PsA. The only measure that showed a significant difference between dermatologists and rheumatologists was dactylitis (P = 0.0005).

Conclusion: There is substantial to excellent agreement on the TJC, PASI, NN, and mNAPSI among rheumatologists and dermatologists.