Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.6.361
Sh Lee, S. Kang
Inflammatory bowel disease includes two major types of disease: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide, including in Korea. This chronic disease progresses gradually, with cycles of improvement and exacerbation. Therefore, a quick diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary. In this review, we discuss the clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as diagnostic methods.
{"title":"Abdominal Pain over 6 Months","authors":"Sh Lee, S. Kang","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.6.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.6.361","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammatory bowel disease includes two major types of disease: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide, including in Korea. This chronic disease progresses gradually, with cycles of improvement and exacerbation. Therefore, a quick diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary. In this review, we discuss the clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as diagnostic methods.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75938177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.6.368
R. Heo
Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function is essential, especially in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines were released in 2016. Four principal parameters were used to assess left ventricular diastolic function. However, there are grey areas; the situation is complex. Recently, various other indicators have been employed to explore left ventricular diastolic function.
{"title":"Evaluation of Diastolic Dysfunction and the Role Thereof in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","authors":"R. Heo","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.6.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.6.368","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function is essential, especially in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging guidelines were released in 2016. Four principal parameters were used to assess left ventricular diastolic function. However, there are grey areas; the situation is complex. Recently, various other indicators have been employed to explore left ventricular diastolic function.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78417123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.303
Jongchan Lee
Appropriate management strategies are required to establish, maintain, and promote the growth the hospitalist system. Herein, we discuss strategies for the successful operation of the hospitalist system from the business point of view, particularly in terms of human resources and organizational management. Hospital executives should establish the vision, mission, value, and key value drivers of the hospitalist system from its inception, as well as decide its size and operation pattern according to the situation of each medical institution. Hospitalists are employed through the process of recruitment to increase the number of applicants and allow the selection of suitable candidates. Once the hospitalist system is constructed and operational, the focus must shift toward its growth. The goals and strategies for growth should be decided, leaders must be selected, and assistants must be employed. In the future, the hospitalist system is expected to play an essential role in improving the quality of medical care. Therefore, medical institutions should strategically introduce, maintain, and promote the growth of the hospitalist system.
{"title":"Management Strategies for the Successful Establishment and Growth of the Hospitalist System","authors":"Jongchan Lee","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.303","url":null,"abstract":"Appropriate management strategies are required to establish, maintain, and promote the growth the hospitalist system. Herein, we discuss strategies for the successful operation of the hospitalist system from the business point of view, particularly in terms of human resources and organizational management. Hospital executives should establish the vision, mission, value, and key value drivers of the hospitalist system from its inception, as well as decide its size and operation pattern according to the situation of each medical institution. Hospitalists are employed through the process of recruitment to increase the number of applicants and allow the selection of suitable candidates. Once the hospitalist system is constructed and operational, the focus must shift toward its growth. The goals and strategies for growth should be decided, leaders must be selected, and assistants must be employed. In the future, the hospitalist system is expected to play an essential role in improving the quality of medical care. Therefore, medical institutions should strategically introduce, maintain, and promote the growth of the hospitalist system.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78627654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.328
Dong Kang, Hanbi Lee, B. Chung, B. Choi, Chul-woo Yang, E. Ko
Perioperative anticoagulation in a kidney transplant recipient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is challenging due to paradoxical hypercoagulability. A 49-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease and a previous stroke history was referred for living donor kidney transplantation. After the fifth dialysis session, the platelet count decreased to 10,000/μL, and heparin was immediately discontinued. Five days later, pulmonary thromboembolism with deep vein thrombosis was identified. Anti-heparin PF4 antibody, elevated serum homocysteine, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutations were discovered. Subsequent coronary angiography revealed three-vessel disease. Apixaban, folate, aspirin, and clopidogrel were administered and an inferior vena cava filter was implanted. Thereafter, coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed using argatroban-bridging without complications. Kidney transplantation was performed 3 months later using the argatroban protocol. The graft kidney functioned well without any complications. In conclusion, we successfully conducted kidney transplantation in a thrombophilic patient with a methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia by establishing an individualized perioperative anticoagulation protocol.
{"title":"Successful Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in a Patient with MTHFR Deficiency and Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report","authors":"Dong Kang, Hanbi Lee, B. Chung, B. Choi, Chul-woo Yang, E. Ko","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.328","url":null,"abstract":"Perioperative anticoagulation in a kidney transplant recipient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is challenging due to paradoxical hypercoagulability. A 49-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease and a previous stroke history was referred for living donor kidney transplantation. After the fifth dialysis session, the platelet count decreased to 10,000/μL, and heparin was immediately discontinued. Five days later, pulmonary thromboembolism with deep vein thrombosis was identified. Anti-heparin PF4 antibody, elevated serum homocysteine, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutations were discovered. Subsequent coronary angiography revealed three-vessel disease. Apixaban, folate, aspirin, and clopidogrel were administered and an inferior vena cava filter was implanted. Thereafter, coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed using argatroban-bridging without complications. Kidney transplantation was performed 3 months later using the argatroban protocol. The graft kidney functioned well without any complications. In conclusion, we successfully conducted kidney transplantation in a thrombophilic patient with a methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia by establishing an individualized perioperative anticoagulation protocol.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81952513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.323
JiWung Ryu, jung-Sun Kim, Ji-Sun Seo
We present a case of recurrent ischemic stroke in a 68-year-old man with a linear foreign body in the right atrium and ventricle and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). The patient developed atrial fibrillation despite taking warfarin at a therapeutic dose and had a third acute stroke. We planned left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion via the PFO, followed by PFO closure and foreign body removal. The percutaneous LAA occlusion and PFO closure were successful. However, it was difficult to remove the radiolucent foreign body. We inserted an Omni™ catheter via the right jugular vein to contact the foreign body in the right atrium directly, grasped its distal end with a snare, and successfully extracted it. The patient was followed-up in the outpatient clinic and had no recurrent stroke.
{"title":"Percutaneous Treatment of Recurrent Stroke Caused by a Cardiac Foreign Body: A Case Report","authors":"JiWung Ryu, jung-Sun Kim, Ji-Sun Seo","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.323","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case of recurrent ischemic stroke in a 68-year-old man with a linear foreign body in the right atrium and ventricle and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). The patient developed atrial fibrillation despite taking warfarin at a therapeutic dose and had a third acute stroke. We planned left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion via the PFO, followed by PFO closure and foreign body removal. The percutaneous LAA occlusion and PFO closure were successful. However, it was difficult to remove the radiolucent foreign body. We inserted an Omni™ catheter via the right jugular vein to contact the foreign body in the right atrium directly, grasped its distal end with a snare, and successfully extracted it. The patient was followed-up in the outpatient clinic and had no recurrent stroke.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83592654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.308
Young-Uk Cho
Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are heterogeneous hematologic neoplasms characterized by myeloblast or promyelocyte proliferation without normal differentiation. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies AMLs on the basis of chromosomal and genetic aberrations, with different prognoses for each subtype. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and classification of AMLs is critical for timely and appropriate treatment. Initial diagnostic workup includes morphologic assessment of the bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsies, immunophenotyping using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry stains, chromosomal analysis using the G-banding technique or fluorescence in situ hybridization, and mutation analysis using polymerase chain reaction, direct sequencing, or next-generation sequencing. The present study provides an algorithm for AML diagnosis and classification based on the WHO criteria and describes different clinicopathological stages of the workup.
{"title":"Diagnostic Approach for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on the World Health Organization Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms","authors":"Young-Uk Cho","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.308","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are heterogeneous hematologic neoplasms characterized by myeloblast or promyelocyte proliferation without normal differentiation. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies AMLs on the basis of chromosomal and genetic aberrations, with different prognoses for each subtype. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and classification of AMLs is critical for timely and appropriate treatment. Initial diagnostic workup includes morphologic assessment of the bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsies, immunophenotyping using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry stains, chromosomal analysis using the G-banding technique or fluorescence in situ hybridization, and mutation analysis using polymerase chain reaction, direct sequencing, or next-generation sequencing. The present study provides an algorithm for AML diagnosis and classification based on the WHO criteria and describes different clinicopathological stages of the workup.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75380988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.319
Soohyeon Lee
Due to rapid technical advances, steeply declining sequencing costs, and the ever-increasing number of targeted therapies, it is expected that extensive tumor DNA or RNA sequencing will be applied in standard of care. Clinicians will thus be confronted with increasingly complex genetic information and multiple test-platforms to choose from. General medical training, meanwhile, can hardly keep up with the pace of innovation. Consequently, there is a rapidly growing gap between clinical knowledge and genetic potential in cancer care. Multidisciplinary Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs) have been suggested as a means to address this disparity, as a multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. MTBs are designated to interpret these data and provide clinical recommendations. Not all patients with cancer have access to advice of an MTB. We aimed to determine the current status, opportunities, and challenges of the organization of MTBs in the Korea.
{"title":"Clinical Implication of Molecular Tumor Board","authors":"Soohyeon Lee","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.319","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rapid technical advances, steeply declining sequencing costs, and the ever-increasing number of targeted therapies, it is expected that extensive tumor DNA or RNA sequencing will be applied in standard of care. Clinicians will thus be confronted with increasingly complex genetic information and multiple test-platforms to choose from. General medical training, meanwhile, can hardly keep up with the pace of innovation. Consequently, there is a rapidly growing gap between clinical knowledge and genetic potential in cancer care. Multidisciplinary Molecular Tumor Boards (MTBs) have been suggested as a means to address this disparity, as a multidisciplinary approach to keep pace with the growing knowledge of complex molecular alterations in patients with advanced solid cancer. MTBs are designated to interpret these data and provide clinical recommendations. Not all patients with cancer have access to advice of an MTB. We aimed to determine the current status, opportunities, and challenges of the organization of MTBs in the Korea.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"87 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84029031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.292
S. Jung
The rate of detection of thyroid nodules and carcinomas has increased with the widespread use of ultrasonography (US), which is the primary imaging modality for the detection and risk stratification of thyroid nodules. The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) published consensus recommendations for US-based management of thyroid nodules in 2011 and revised them in 2016. These guidelines have been used as the standard guidelines in Korea. However, recent advances in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules have necessitated the revision of the original recommendations. The task force of the KSThR has revised the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and recommendations for US lexicon, biopsy criteria, US criteria of extrathyroidal extension, optimal thyroid computed tomography protocol, and US follow-up of thyroid nodules before and after biopsy. The biopsy criteria were revised to reduce unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity for the detection of malignant tumors. The goal of these recommendations is to provide the optimal scientific evidence and expert opinion consensus regarding US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.
{"title":"2021 Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (2021-K-TIRADS) and Imaging-Based Management of Thyroid Nodules: Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus Statement and Recommendations","authors":"S. Jung","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.292","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of detection of thyroid nodules and carcinomas has increased with the widespread use of ultrasonography (US), which is the primary imaging modality for the detection and risk stratification of thyroid nodules. The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) published consensus recommendations for US-based management of thyroid nodules in 2011 and revised them in 2016. These guidelines have been used as the standard guidelines in Korea. However, recent advances in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules have necessitated the revision of the original recommendations. The task force of the KSThR has revised the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System and recommendations for US lexicon, biopsy criteria, US criteria of extrathyroidal extension, optimal thyroid computed tomography protocol, and US follow-up of thyroid nodules before and after biopsy. The biopsy criteria were revised to reduce unnecessary biopsies for benign nodules while maintaining an appropriate sensitivity for the detection of malignant tumors. The goal of these recommendations is to provide the optimal scientific evidence and expert opinion consensus regarding US-based diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83535729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.277
Y. Choi
Emerging infectious diseases are increasing recently and globally. We have a long list of infectious disease epidemic in the 21th century followed by SARS, MERS, Ebola virus disease, and Zika virus infection. COVID-19 is a still ongoing pandemic. What will be the next pandemic agent? The World Health Organization proposed a research and development blueprint regarding global pandemic in 2016. The United Kingdom maintains a list of high consequence infectious diseases and is monitoring them. The Republic of Korea designates Class 1 infectious diseases capable of causing outbreak or epidemic. This article briefly describes several infectious diseases and its causative pathogen that should receive special attention.
{"title":"Post COVID-19 Emerging Infectious Diseases: What is the Next Pandemic Agent?","authors":"Y. Choi","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.277","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging infectious diseases are increasing recently and globally. We have a long list of infectious disease epidemic in the 21th century followed by SARS, MERS, Ebola virus disease, and Zika virus infection. COVID-19 is a still ongoing pandemic. What will be the next pandemic agent? The World Health Organization proposed a research and development blueprint regarding global pandemic in 2016. The United Kingdom maintains a list of high consequence infectious diseases and is monitoring them. The Republic of Korea designates Class 1 infectious diseases capable of causing outbreak or epidemic. This article briefly describes several infectious diseases and its causative pathogen that should receive special attention.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82852078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.284
J. Cha
Although acute COVID-19 usually lasts for 12 weeks from the onset of symptoms, some patients experience variable persistent symptoms. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is defined as persistent symptoms and/or long-term complications that appear during or after COVID-19, persist for more than 12 weeks, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. The common symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome include general, pulmonary, hematological, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, renal, endocrine, gastroenterological, and dermatological symptoms. As the natural course and pathophysiology of COVID-19 are not yet clear, close monitoring is needed for various sequelae in multiple organs that occur in post-COVID-19 syndrome. In particular, patients who have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit or who have recovered from severe COVID-19 require close monitoring for the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to provide integrated outpatient care for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.
{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Syndrome","authors":"J. Cha","doi":"10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2022.97.5.284","url":null,"abstract":"Although acute COVID-19 usually lasts for 12 weeks from the onset of symptoms, some patients experience variable persistent symptoms. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is defined as persistent symptoms and/or long-term complications that appear during or after COVID-19, persist for more than 12 weeks, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. The common symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome include general, pulmonary, hematological, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, renal, endocrine, gastroenterological, and dermatological symptoms. As the natural course and pathophysiology of COVID-19 are not yet clear, close monitoring is needed for various sequelae in multiple organs that occur in post-COVID-19 syndrome. In particular, patients who have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit or who have recovered from severe COVID-19 require close monitoring for the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to provide integrated outpatient care for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.","PeriodicalId":84452,"journal":{"name":"Chungang uihak = The Korean central journal of medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81333402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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