Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-16-21
N. Selyanskaya, S. Titova, E. Menshikova, V. D. Kruglikov, M. I. Yezhova
The ability of Vibrio cholerae to form biofilms may cause ineffectiveness of cholera treatment and prevention. The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of V.cholerae in biofilms. Material and methods. Sensitivity to 11 antibacterial agents was determined for biofilms of 10 strains of V.cholerae of different serogroups isolated from humans and from water obtained for 48 hours at 37°C on plastic plates in vials with autoclaved tap water infected with a suspension of 104 V.cholerae microbial cells. For this purpose the plates were washed three times in physiological solution and transferred into penicillin vials with double dilutions of antibacterial agents in liquid nutrient medium (Martin's broth, pH 7.7). After 24 hours of cultivation in the thermostat (37°C), the biofilms were imprinted and 0.1 ml of plankton culture was seeded onto plates with Marten's agar (pH 7.7). After 24 hours in the thermostat (37°C), the biofilms were imprinted and 0.1 ml of plankton culture was sown on plates with Marten's agar (pH 7.7). The result was counted after 24 h, determining the minimum suppressive concentrations of preparations by the presence or absence of V.cholerae growth. Results. The strains studied in biofilm communities, in contrast to the planktonic form, were highly resistant to all antibacterial drugs taken in the study, except for ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of cholera and other infections whose causative agents are cholera vibrio, it is necessary to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of V.cholerae biofilms.
{"title":"Sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of biofilms formed by strains of vibrio cholerae of various serogroups.","authors":"N. Selyanskaya, S. Titova, E. Menshikova, V. D. Kruglikov, M. I. Yezhova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-16-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-16-21","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of Vibrio cholerae to form biofilms may cause ineffectiveness of cholera treatment and prevention. The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of V.cholerae in biofilms. Material and methods. Sensitivity to 11 antibacterial agents was determined for biofilms of 10 strains of V.cholerae of different serogroups isolated from humans and from water obtained for 48 hours at 37°C on plastic plates in vials with autoclaved tap water infected with a suspension of 104 V.cholerae microbial cells. For this purpose the plates were washed three times in physiological solution and transferred into penicillin vials with double dilutions of antibacterial agents in liquid nutrient medium (Martin's broth, pH 7.7). After 24 hours of cultivation in the thermostat (37°C), the biofilms were imprinted and 0.1 ml of plankton culture was seeded onto plates with Marten's agar (pH 7.7). After 24 hours in the thermostat (37°C), the biofilms were imprinted and 0.1 ml of plankton culture was sown on plates with Marten's agar (pH 7.7). The result was counted after 24 h, determining the minimum suppressive concentrations of preparations by the presence or absence of V.cholerae growth. Results. The strains studied in biofilm communities, in contrast to the planktonic form, were highly resistant to all antibacterial drugs taken in the study, except for ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of cholera and other infections whose causative agents are cholera vibrio, it is necessary to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of V.cholerae biofilms.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90768294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-22-26
A. B. S. Hmidet, A. Yasenyavskaya, A. Tsibizova, I. Tyurenkov, A. Ozerov, M. Samotrueva
The study is devoted to the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae of the pyrimidine compound 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H)-one under in vivo conditions in a model of generalized infection. The experiment was performed on 40 CBA line mice, which were divided into four groups: Group 1, control animals that received intraperitoneal injection water in an equivalent volume (control I); Group 2, infected animals that received no treatment (control II); Group 3, mice with generalized infection that received ceftriaxone at a dose of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days as treatment; Group 4, infected animals that received the study compound at a dose of 31 mg/kg (1/10 of the molecular weight) for 7 days. Generalized infection was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of Cl. pneumoniae at a dose of 3×106 in a volume of 0.5 ml. In the course of the experiment, animal survival rate was evaluated. After the mice were removed from the experiment, the blood, liver, spleen and lungs were calculated, and the total number of leukocytes, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were determined. The compound under study was found to increase the survival rate of laboratory animals under conditions of generalized Klebsiella infection, as well as to decrease the insemination index, the total number of leukocytes and the level of markers of generalized infection. Thus, the pyrimidine derivative 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one exhibits antibacterial activity comparable to that of the reference drug — ceftriaxone against Klebsiella pneumoniae under experimental infection.
{"title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of pyrimidine compound 3-(2-benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H)-oh in relation to Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"A. B. S. Hmidet, A. Yasenyavskaya, A. Tsibizova, I. Tyurenkov, A. Ozerov, M. Samotrueva","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-22-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-22-26","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae of the pyrimidine compound 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H)-one under in vivo conditions in a model of generalized infection. The experiment was performed on 40 CBA line mice, which were divided into four groups: Group 1, control animals that received intraperitoneal injection water in an equivalent volume (control I); Group 2, infected animals that received no treatment (control II); Group 3, mice with generalized infection that received ceftriaxone at a dose of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 7 days as treatment; Group 4, infected animals that received the study compound at a dose of 31 mg/kg (1/10 of the molecular weight) for 7 days. Generalized infection was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of Cl. pneumoniae at a dose of 3×106 in a volume of 0.5 ml. In the course of the experiment, animal survival rate was evaluated. After the mice were removed from the experiment, the blood, liver, spleen and lungs were calculated, and the total number of leukocytes, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were determined. The compound under study was found to increase the survival rate of laboratory animals under conditions of generalized Klebsiella infection, as well as to decrease the insemination index, the total number of leukocytes and the level of markers of generalized infection. Thus, the pyrimidine derivative 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one exhibits antibacterial activity comparable to that of the reference drug — ceftriaxone against Klebsiella pneumoniae under experimental infection.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74843723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-4-10
О. Guliy, B. Zaitsev, A. Alsowaidi, О. Karavaeva, A. Semyonov, I. Borodina
The possibility of express analysis of the effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a sensor system based on a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field with an operating frequency range of 6–7 MHz is shown. E.coli strains, both sensitive and resistant to kanamycin were used for the experiments. During evaluating the kanamycin effect on bacteria, the change in the electrical impedance modulus of the resonator was used as an analitical signal. It has been established that the criterion for the antibiotic bacteria sensitivity is the change in the modulus of the sensor electrical impedance after antibiotic exposure on bacteria at any frequency near the resonance. The sensor is highly sensitive and allows diagnosing the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria within 7–9 minutes.
{"title":"Rapid analysis of the effect of aminoglycosides on bacteria by using a sensor system based on a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field","authors":"О. Guliy, B. Zaitsev, A. Alsowaidi, О. Karavaeva, A. Semyonov, I. Borodina","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-1-2-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of express analysis of the effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics on bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a sensor system based on a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field with an operating frequency range of 6–7 MHz is shown. E.coli strains, both sensitive and resistant to kanamycin were used for the experiments. During evaluating the kanamycin effect on bacteria, the change in the electrical impedance modulus of the resonator was used as an analitical signal. It has been established that the criterion for the antibiotic bacteria sensitivity is the change in the modulus of the sensor electrical impedance after antibiotic exposure on bacteria at any frequency near the resonance. The sensor is highly sensitive and allows diagnosing the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria within 7–9 minutes.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87992576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-36-45
M. Suvorova, I. Sychev, O. Ignatenko, E. Burmistrova, S. S. Mirzakhamidova, L. Fedina, R. Vakolyuk, S. Yakovlev
Background. The difficulties of antibacterial therapy of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria are associated with limited options for adequate therapy since, in addition to resistance to carbapenems and other beta-lactams, these microorganisms are often characterized by associated resistance to other classes of antibiotics, including polymyxins. In vitro data support the idea of combined use of inhibitor-protected cephalosporins with aztreonam for the treatment of such infections. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cefepime/sulbactam (FEP/SB) in combination with aztreonam (ATM) in infections caused by class B and D carbapenemase producers.Methods. A prospective observational study evaluated the effectiveness of the combination of FEP/SB + ATM in ICU patients with nosocomial infections complicated by sepsis or septic shock caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens with documented production of class B or D carbapenemase. The ineffectiveness of previous treatment and the absence of other options for adequate therapy were used as inclusion criteria. Microbiological, clinical efficacy, and 30-day mortality were indicators of therapy evaluation.Results. The study included 25 patients with nosocomial infection (76% of them was VAP), with sepsis (60%) or septic shock (40%) and an average SOFA score of 6 points caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23 patients) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2) producing carbapenemases OXA-48 (56%), NDM (20%), NDM + OXA-48 (16%), and class B carbapenemase in two strains of P. aeruginosa. The average daily dose of FEP/SB and ATM was 6.6 g, the duration of therapy was 9.9 days. As a result of the treatment, eradication was achieved in 68% of patients, clinical efficacy was 72%, and the 30-day mortality rate was 28%.Conclusion. Our results show good clinical and bacteriological efficacy of the combination of FEP/SB and ATM in infections caused by extremely resistant K. pneumoniae, non-susceptible to carbapenems and producing class B or D carbapenemase.
{"title":"The First Experience of Combined Use of Cefepime/Sulbactam and Aztreonam in ICU Patients with Nosocomial Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Microorganisms Producing Class B and D Carbapenemases","authors":"M. Suvorova, I. Sychev, O. Ignatenko, E. Burmistrova, S. S. Mirzakhamidova, L. Fedina, R. Vakolyuk, S. Yakovlev","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-36-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-36-45","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The difficulties of antibacterial therapy of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria are associated with limited options for adequate therapy since, in addition to resistance to carbapenems and other beta-lactams, these microorganisms are often characterized by associated resistance to other classes of antibiotics, including polymyxins. In vitro data support the idea of combined use of inhibitor-protected cephalosporins with aztreonam for the treatment of such infections. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cefepime/sulbactam (FEP/SB) in combination with aztreonam (ATM) in infections caused by class B and D carbapenemase producers.Methods. A prospective observational study evaluated the effectiveness of the combination of FEP/SB + ATM in ICU patients with nosocomial infections complicated by sepsis or septic shock caused by carbapenem-resistant pathogens with documented production of class B or D carbapenemase. The ineffectiveness of previous treatment and the absence of other options for adequate therapy were used as inclusion criteria. Microbiological, clinical efficacy, and 30-day mortality were indicators of therapy evaluation.Results. The study included 25 patients with nosocomial infection (76% of them was VAP), with sepsis (60%) or septic shock (40%) and an average SOFA score of 6 points caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23 patients) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2) producing carbapenemases OXA-48 (56%), NDM (20%), NDM + OXA-48 (16%), and class B carbapenemase in two strains of P. aeruginosa. The average daily dose of FEP/SB and ATM was 6.6 g, the duration of therapy was 9.9 days. As a result of the treatment, eradication was achieved in 68% of patients, clinical efficacy was 72%, and the 30-day mortality rate was 28%.Conclusion. Our results show good clinical and bacteriological efficacy of the combination of FEP/SB and ATM in infections caused by extremely resistant K. pneumoniae, non-susceptible to carbapenems and producing class B or D carbapenemase.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74131667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-46-50
V. Kolomiets, A. Kovalenko, A. Petrov, E. Pavlenko, E. Talikova
The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of remaxol inclusion in treatment regimens designed for patients with comorbid tuberculosis and hepatotoxic response to etiotropic therapy.Materials and Methods. Case histories of 25 patients (21 men and 4 women) with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and hepatotoxic reactions to etiotropic treatment were analyzed. Of these, 9 patients had a comorbid (TB/HIV) pathology and 16 patients had TB/HIV with concomitant diseases. To stop the signs of hepatotoxicity, all patients were prescribed with remaxol: 400 ml intravenously on alternate days (course No. 5), then 1 time per week (course No. 4). In addition to the standard clinical and laboratory examination, all patients underwent follow-up (before and after the course of remaxol) examination of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in the blood, as well as the levels of interleukin production (1β, 4, 6 and 10) and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α and TNF-γ). Standard regimens were used when conducting anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.Results. It was noted that the presence of a comorbidity aggravates the course of tuberculosis and reduces the effectiveness of etiotropic therapy due to the development of hepatotoxicity. The inclusion of remaxol contributed to a decrease in the severity of hepatotoxic reactions and made it possible to avoid the correction of the main treatment course. The revealed positive dynamic in cytokine profile indicators can be regarded as a mediated immunological effect of the drug and requires further research.
{"title":"Some Peculiarities of Modern Comorbid Tuberculosis Therapy","authors":"V. Kolomiets, A. Kovalenko, A. Petrov, E. Pavlenko, E. Talikova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-46-50","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of remaxol inclusion in treatment regimens designed for patients with comorbid tuberculosis and hepatotoxic response to etiotropic therapy.Materials and Methods. Case histories of 25 patients (21 men and 4 women) with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis infection and hepatotoxic reactions to etiotropic treatment were analyzed. Of these, 9 patients had a comorbid (TB/HIV) pathology and 16 patients had TB/HIV with concomitant diseases. To stop the signs of hepatotoxicity, all patients were prescribed with remaxol: 400 ml intravenously on alternate days (course No. 5), then 1 time per week (course No. 4). In addition to the standard clinical and laboratory examination, all patients underwent follow-up (before and after the course of remaxol) examination of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in the blood, as well as the levels of interleukin production (1β, 4, 6 and 10) and tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α and TNF-γ). Standard regimens were used when conducting anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.Results. It was noted that the presence of a comorbidity aggravates the course of tuberculosis and reduces the effectiveness of etiotropic therapy due to the development of hepatotoxicity. The inclusion of remaxol contributed to a decrease in the severity of hepatotoxic reactions and made it possible to avoid the correction of the main treatment course. The revealed positive dynamic in cytokine profile indicators can be regarded as a mediated immunological effect of the drug and requires further research.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76600731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-22-28
M. S. Dolov, L. Fishgoit, P. Sobolev, E. P. Tkach
The basis for conducting bioequivalence studies is the determination of the bioavailability of the active substance of the drug at its place of action by establishing the concentration of the drug in biological fluids using sensitive analytical techniques. The bioanalytical technique used should provide reliable results which would lead to satisfactory level of interpretation. To investigate the bioequivalence of rivastigmine preparations, an 8 times more sensitive method (compared to the data in the available literature) for the quantitative determination of rivastigmine in human blood plasma by HPLC-MS/MS was developed. Rivastigmine is extracted from plasma by precipitation of plasma proteins with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation of rivastigmine and the internal standard was carried out on a YMC Triart C18. 50×2.0 mm (1.9 µm) column in a gradient elution mode with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. A 0.1% solution of ammonium hydroxide and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases. The lower limit of the quantitative determination of the method was 25 pg/ml.
{"title":"Development of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) Method to Determine the Presence of Rivastigmine in Human Plasma in Clinical Studies of Comparative Pharmacokinetics","authors":"M. S. Dolov, L. Fishgoit, P. Sobolev, E. P. Tkach","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-22-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-22-28","url":null,"abstract":"The basis for conducting bioequivalence studies is the determination of the bioavailability of the active substance of the drug at its place of action by establishing the concentration of the drug in biological fluids using sensitive analytical techniques. The bioanalytical technique used should provide reliable results which would lead to satisfactory level of interpretation. To investigate the bioequivalence of rivastigmine preparations, an 8 times more sensitive method (compared to the data in the available literature) for the quantitative determination of rivastigmine in human blood plasma by HPLC-MS/MS was developed. Rivastigmine is extracted from plasma by precipitation of plasma proteins with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation of rivastigmine and the internal standard was carried out on a YMC Triart C18. 50×2.0 mm (1.9 µm) column in a gradient elution mode with a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. A 0.1% solution of ammonium hydroxide and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases. The lower limit of the quantitative determination of the method was 25 pg/ml.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76822588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-56-63
A. Daudova, R. O. Abdrakhmanova, A. Yasenyavskaya, Ju. Z. Demina, M. Rubalsky, O. V. Rubalsky, M. Samotrueva, O. Bashkina
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global medical and socioeconomic problem. Nosocomial infections occupy one of the leading places among the causes of death in the Russian Federation. About 60–70% of all nosocomial infections are associated with the use of medical implants of various profiles. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, various types of streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and representatives of the genus Acinetobacter are highly likely to be found in biofilms of medical supplies. A distinctive feature of microbes that cause HAIs is poly- or even pan-resistance of microbes to recommended antimicrobials. The search for methods and means to overcome is a priority task of modern medicine. Phage therapy seems to be one of the logical and promising ways to combat bacteria that are resistant to conventional therapy. The article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of phage therapy, provides an overview of the successful use of mono- and combined preparations of bacteriophages in the experiment and clinic, as well as modern directions for the use of bacteriophages not only for therapeutic, but also for prophylactic purposes, based on the latest achievements of genetic engineering and biotechnology.
{"title":"Prospects for Phagоtherapy of Bacterial Infections Associated with the Provision of Medical Care","authors":"A. Daudova, R. O. Abdrakhmanova, A. Yasenyavskaya, Ju. Z. Demina, M. Rubalsky, O. V. Rubalsky, M. Samotrueva, O. Bashkina","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-56-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-56-63","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global medical and socioeconomic problem. Nosocomial infections occupy one of the leading places among the causes of death in the Russian Federation. About 60–70% of all nosocomial infections are associated with the use of medical implants of various profiles. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, various types of streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and representatives of the genus Acinetobacter are highly likely to be found in biofilms of medical supplies. A distinctive feature of microbes that cause HAIs is poly- or even pan-resistance of microbes to recommended antimicrobials. The search for methods and means to overcome is a priority task of modern medicine. Phage therapy seems to be one of the logical and promising ways to combat bacteria that are resistant to conventional therapy. The article outlines the advantages and disadvantages of phage therapy, provides an overview of the successful use of mono- and combined preparations of bacteriophages in the experiment and clinic, as well as modern directions for the use of bacteriophages not only for therapeutic, but also for prophylactic purposes, based on the latest achievements of genetic engineering and biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78711252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-10-15
S. Loginova, V. N. Schukina, S. Savenko, R. V. Sakharov, S. Borisevich
Сhikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family. It belongs to the zoonotic arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In humans, this flavivirus causes a disease known as Сhikungunya fever, etymologically related to yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, and Zika. There is no specific treatment for Сhikungunya fever, as there is no vaccine or preventive measures to date. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs, interferon inducers and two classes of interferon α-, β-, and γ-showed that interferon drugs effectively inhibit the reproduction of CHIKV in the Vero cell culture in a wide range of concentrations. Chemotherapy drugs Triazavirin® and Ingavirin® did not affect the reproduction of CHIKV strain FN198/66 in Vero cell culture. Ribavirin® at a concentration of 100 µg/ml almost completely suppressed the reproduction of the CHIKV virus when the drug was introduced into the culture medium both before and after infection.
{"title":"Study of the Activity of Antiviral Drugs Against the Causative Agent of Chikungunya Fever in Cell Culture","authors":"S. Loginova, V. N. Schukina, S. Savenko, R. V. Sakharov, S. Borisevich","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-10-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-10-15","url":null,"abstract":"Сhikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family. It belongs to the zoonotic arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In humans, this flavivirus causes a disease known as Сhikungunya fever, etymologically related to yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, and Zika. There is no specific treatment for Сhikungunya fever, as there is no vaccine or preventive measures to date. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs, interferon inducers and two classes of interferon α-, β-, and γ-showed that interferon drugs effectively inhibit the reproduction of CHIKV in the Vero cell culture in a wide range of concentrations. Chemotherapy drugs Triazavirin® and Ingavirin® did not affect the reproduction of CHIKV strain FN198/66 in Vero cell culture. Ribavirin® at a concentration of 100 µg/ml almost completely suppressed the reproduction of the CHIKV virus when the drug was introduced into the culture medium both before and after infection.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79066897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-16-21
E. V. Karpova, D. Tapalski
Background. The spread of extensive drug-resistance among gram-negative bacteria calls for the search for antimicrobics with new mechanisms of actions.The aim was to assess susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains to cefiderocol and other new inhibitor-protected β-lactams, and to determine genetic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.Methods. This study included 30 extensively drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains collected in 2016–2021 from 4 regions of Belarus. Carbapenemase genes were detected by real-time PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for cefiderocol and other new antibiotics were assessed by microdilution method using the Sensititre system. Whole genome sequencing was performed for 2 resistant and 3 cefiderocol-susceptible strains. Genome assemblies and annotation were performed using UGENE v. 37.0 software. Nucleotide sequences were translated using CLC Sequence Viewer v. 8.0 (QIAGEN) package. The PROVEAN software was used to assess amino asides substitutions and their influence on the functional activity of proteins.Results. KPC carbapenemase-producers were 4 strains, OXA-48 — 17, KPC+OXA-48 — 1, NDM — 7, OXA-48 + NDM — 1. All KPC-producers were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was noted in all NDM producers and OXA-48+NDM co-producer. The study has identified 9 cefiderocol-resistant strains. These were NDM and OXA-48-producers isolated from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection from 3 regions of Belarus. Resistant strains had functionally significant nonsynonymous substitutions in the genes of TonB-dependent receptors for catecholate siderophores FepA (F472V, P64S) and Fiu (T92S).Conclusion. The study has shown high efficacy of new inhibitor-protected carbapenems and cephalosporins against certain types of carbapenemase-producers. Strains with mutational resistance to cefiderocol, an antibiotic not previously used in Belarus, have been identified.
{"title":"Activity of Cefiderocol and Other New Antibiotics Against Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains","authors":"E. V. Karpova, D. Tapalski","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-16-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-16-21","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The spread of extensive drug-resistance among gram-negative bacteria calls for the search for antimicrobics with new mechanisms of actions.The aim was to assess susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains to cefiderocol and other new inhibitor-protected β-lactams, and to determine genetic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.Methods. This study included 30 extensively drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains collected in 2016–2021 from 4 regions of Belarus. Carbapenemase genes were detected by real-time PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for cefiderocol and other new antibiotics were assessed by microdilution method using the Sensititre system. Whole genome sequencing was performed for 2 resistant and 3 cefiderocol-susceptible strains. Genome assemblies and annotation were performed using UGENE v. 37.0 software. Nucleotide sequences were translated using CLC Sequence Viewer v. 8.0 (QIAGEN) package. The PROVEAN software was used to assess amino asides substitutions and their influence on the functional activity of proteins.Results. KPC carbapenemase-producers were 4 strains, OXA-48 — 17, KPC+OXA-48 — 1, NDM — 7, OXA-48 + NDM — 1. All KPC-producers were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was noted in all NDM producers and OXA-48+NDM co-producer. The study has identified 9 cefiderocol-resistant strains. These were NDM and OXA-48-producers isolated from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection from 3 regions of Belarus. Resistant strains had functionally significant nonsynonymous substitutions in the genes of TonB-dependent receptors for catecholate siderophores FepA (F472V, P64S) and Fiu (T92S).Conclusion. The study has shown high efficacy of new inhibitor-protected carbapenems and cephalosporins against certain types of carbapenemase-producers. Strains with mutational resistance to cefiderocol, an antibiotic not previously used in Belarus, have been identified.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84852589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-4-9
V. Dolgikh, L. P’yanova, A. V. Lavrenov, E. V. Naumkina, A. V. Sedanova, M. S. Delyagina, D. N. Ogurtsova
The aim of the work was to study the biological activity of modifiers and carbon sorbent samples modified by them in relation to some types of microorganisms.Material and methods. The carbon sorbent under study and the modified samples were obtained at the Center of New Chemical Technologies BIC. Glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, and glutamic acid were used as modifiers. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae 418, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans (clinical strain) were used as test cultures. The test sample was placed in the wells of a sterile plate, then a working suspension of the test culture was added in the amount of 2.0 ml until completely wet 1:1. The survival of microorganisms was determined by quantitative inoculation from each well of the «sample — microorganism» mixture on Petri dishes with simple nutrient agar using the sector crop method (Gold). The culture species were confirmed by studying their cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties.Results. The conducted studies have demonstrated high antibacterial and antimycotic activity of carbon sorbent samples modified with hydroxyl acids in relation to the most common opportunistic pathogens of pyoinflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal nature in comparison with the initial sorbent sample. The carbon sorbent modified with lactic acid oligomer showed the highest antibacterial and antimycotic activity.Conclusion. High antibacterial and antimycotic activity of carbon sorbent samples modified with hydroxy acids and amino acids in relation to the most common opportunistic pathogens of pyoinflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal nature was established in comparison with the initial sample of the sorbent. The carbon sorbent sample modified with amino acids has a pronounced antibacterial effect against all studied bacterial test strains, but exhibits weak antimycotic properties. The use of modified carbon sorbents is a promising direction for the application therapy of pyoinflammatory infections.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antimycotic Properties of Modified Carbon Sorbents","authors":"V. Dolgikh, L. P’yanova, A. V. Lavrenov, E. V. Naumkina, A. V. Sedanova, M. S. Delyagina, D. N. Ogurtsova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-4-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-4-9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to study the biological activity of modifiers and carbon sorbent samples modified by them in relation to some types of microorganisms.Material and methods. The carbon sorbent under study and the modified samples were obtained at the Center of New Chemical Technologies BIC. Glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, and glutamic acid were used as modifiers. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae 418, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans (clinical strain) were used as test cultures. The test sample was placed in the wells of a sterile plate, then a working suspension of the test culture was added in the amount of 2.0 ml until completely wet 1:1. The survival of microorganisms was determined by quantitative inoculation from each well of the «sample — microorganism» mixture on Petri dishes with simple nutrient agar using the sector crop method (Gold). The culture species were confirmed by studying their cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties.Results. The conducted studies have demonstrated high antibacterial and antimycotic activity of carbon sorbent samples modified with hydroxyl acids in relation to the most common opportunistic pathogens of pyoinflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal nature in comparison with the initial sorbent sample. The carbon sorbent modified with lactic acid oligomer showed the highest antibacterial and antimycotic activity.Conclusion. High antibacterial and antimycotic activity of carbon sorbent samples modified with hydroxy acids and amino acids in relation to the most common opportunistic pathogens of pyoinflammatory diseases of bacterial and fungal nature was established in comparison with the initial sample of the sorbent. The carbon sorbent sample modified with amino acids has a pronounced antibacterial effect against all studied bacterial test strains, but exhibits weak antimycotic properties. The use of modified carbon sorbents is a promising direction for the application therapy of pyoinflammatory infections.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"115 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90235162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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