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Maximum Entropy Bi-Objective Model and its Evolutionary Algorithm for Portfolio Optimization 投资组合优化的最大熵双目标模型及其进化算法
Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500142
Chun-an Liu, Qian Lei, H. Jia
Diversification of investment is a well-established practice for reducing the total risk of investing. Portfolio optimization is an effective way for investors to disperse investment risk and increase portfolio return. Under the assumption of no short selling, a bi-objective minimizing portfolio optimization model, in which the first objective is a semi-absolute deviation mean function used to measure the portfolio risk, and the second objective is a maximum entropy smooth function used to measure the portfolio return, is given in this paper. Also, a maximum entropy multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is designed to solve the bi-objective portfolio optimization model. In order to obtain a sufficient number of uniformly distributed portfolio Pareto optimal solutions located on the true Pareto frontier and fully exploit the useful asset combination modes which can lead the search process toward the frontier direction quickly in the objective space, a subspace multi-parent uniform crossover operator and a subspace decomposition mutation operator are given. Furthermore, a normalization method to deal with the tight constraint and the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm are also discussed. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by five benchmark investment optimization problems. The performance evaluations and results analyses illustrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of identifying good Pareto solutions and maintaining adequate diversity of the evolution population. Also, the proposed algorithm can obtain faster and better convergence to the true portfolio Pareto frontier compared with the three state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. The result can also provide optimal portfolio plan and investment strategy for investors to allocate and manage asset effectively.
分散投资是一种行之有效的做法,可以减少投资的总风险。投资组合优化是投资者分散投资风险、提高投资组合收益的有效途径。在不卖空的假设下,给出了一个双目标最小化投资组合优化模型,其中第一目标是用于度量投资组合风险的半绝对偏差均值函数,第二目标是用于度量投资组合收益的最大熵平滑函数。同时,设计了一种最大熵多目标进化算法来求解双目标投资组合优化模型。为了获得足够数量的分布在真Pareto边界上的均匀分布组合Pareto最优解,并充分利用在目标空间中使搜索过程快速向边界方向移动的有用资产组合模式,给出了子空间多父一致交叉算子和子空间分解变异算子。此外,还讨论了处理紧约束的归一化方法和算法的收敛性分析。最后,通过五个基准投资优化问题验证了所提算法的性能。性能评估和结果分析表明,该算法能够识别出良好的Pareto解,并保持进化种群的足够多样性。同时,与现有的三种多目标进化算法相比,该算法能够更快更好地收敛于真组合Pareto边界。研究结果还可以为投资者有效配置和管理资产提供最优的投资组合计划和投资策略。
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引用次数: 0
Scheduling High Multiplicity Jobs on Parallel Multi-Purpose Machines with Setup Times and Machine Available Times 具有设置时间和机器可用时间的并行多用途机器上的高多重作业调度
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500129
Caixia Jing, Wanzhen Huang, Lei Zhang, Heng Zhang
In this paper, we consider the scheduling of high multiplicity jobs on parallel multi-purpose machines with setup times and machine available times, with the objective of minimizing makespan. High multiplicity means that jobs are partitioned into several groups and in each group all jobs are identical. Whenever there is a switch from processing a job of one group to a job of another group, a setup time is needed. Multi-purpose machine implies that each job can only be processed by a specific subset of all the machines, called processing set. A mixed integer programming is formulated for this NP-hard problem. A heuristic is proposed to solve the problem. Lower bounds are developed to evaluate the heuristic algorithm. Extensive numerical computations are performed and the results show that the heuristic generates solutions with makespan within 2% above the lower bounds in average, and outperforms CPLEX 12.6 for large scale and complex problems.
本文考虑了具有设置时间和机器可用时间的并行多用途机器上的高多重作业的调度问题,其目标是最小化完工时间。高多重性意味着作业被划分为几个组,每个组中的所有作业都是相同的。每当从处理一个组的作业切换到处理另一个组的作业时,都需要设置时间。多用途机器意味着每个作业只能由所有机器的特定子集来处理,称为加工集。对于这个np困难问题,给出了一个混合整数规划。提出了一种启发式算法来解决这一问题。给出了评估启发式算法的下界。大量的数值计算结果表明,启发式算法生成的解的makespan平均在下界以上2%以内,对于大规模和复杂的问题,其性能优于CPLEX 12.6。
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引用次数: 0
An Output-Space Based Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for Sum-of-Linear-Ratios Problem 线性比率和问题的基于输出空间的分支定界算法
Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500105
Bo Zhang, Yuelin Gao
Founded on the idea of subdividing the [Formula: see text]-dimensional output space, a branch-and-bound algorithm for solving the sum-of-linear-ratios(SLR) problem is proposed. First, a two-stage equivalent transformation method is adopted to obtain an equivalent problem(EP) for the problem SLR. Second, by dealing with all nonlinear constraints and bilinear terms in EP and its sub-problems, a corresponding convex relaxation subproblem is obtained. Third, all redundant constraints in each convex relaxation subproblem are eliminated, which leads to a linear programming problem with smaller scale and fewer constraints. Finally, the theoretical convergence and computational complexity of the algorithm are demonstrated, and a series of numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
基于对[公式:见文本]维输出空间进行细分的思想,提出了求解线性比和问题的分支定界算法。首先,采用两阶段等效变换方法,得到单反问题的等效问题(EP);其次,通过处理EP及其子问题中的所有非线性约束和双线性项,得到相应的凸松弛子问题;第三,消除了每个凸松弛子问题中的所有冗余约束,得到了一个规模更小、约束更少的线性规划问题。最后,对该算法的理论收敛性和计算复杂度进行了论证,并通过一系列数值实验验证了该算法的有效性和可行性。
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引用次数: 3
Multiobjective Symmetric Duality in Higher-Order Fractional Variational Programming 高阶分数阶变分规划中的多目标对称对偶性
Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500087
Arshpreet Kaur, M. K. Sharma, I. Ahmad
We introduce new classes of higher-order functional, termed higher-order [Formula: see text]convex and higher-order [Formula: see text]convex functionals. These classes are illustrated by nontrivial examples. A pair of higher-order multiobjective symmetric fractional variational programs with cone constraints and fixed boundary conditions is formulated. Appropriate duality results are discussed utilizing the aforementioned assumptions. The results in this paper are generalizations of the results already existing in literature.
我们引入了新的高阶泛函类,称为高阶[公式:见文]凸泛函和高阶[公式:见文]凸泛函。这些类通过一些重要的例子来说明。构造了具有锥约束和固定边界条件的一对高阶多目标对称分数变分规划。利用上述假设讨论了适当的对偶结果。本文的结果是对已有文献结果的概括。
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引用次数: 0
Online Batch Scheduling of Incompatible Job Families with Variable Lookahead Interval 可变前瞻间隔不兼容作业族的在线批调度
Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922400127
Wenhua Li, Libo Wang, Hang Yuan
We consider online parallel-batch scheduling of [Formula: see text] incompatible unit-length job families with variable lookahead interval to minimize the maximum completion time, where [Formula: see text] is the number of job families which is known in advance. Incompatible job family means that a batch only contains the jobs from the same job family. At any time [Formula: see text], an online algorithm can foresee the information of the jobs arriving in the time interval [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is variable. When the batch capacity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we provide a best possible online algorithm with competitive ratio [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a positive root of [Formula: see text]. When the batch capacity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we give an online algorithm with competitive ratio [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and prove that it is the best possible for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
考虑[公式:见文]不兼容的单位长度作业族具有可变超前间隔的在线并行批调度,以最小化最大完成时间,其中[公式:见文]为事先已知的作业族数量。不兼容的作业族意味着一个批处理只包含来自相同作业族的作业。在任何时刻[公式:见文],在线算法都可以预测在[公式:见文]时间间隔内到达的作业信息,其中[公式:见文]是可变的。当批量容量[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]时,我们为[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]提供了一个具有竞争比[公式:见文]的最佳在线算法,其中[公式:见文]是[公式:见文]的正根。当批量容量[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]时,给出了[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]具有竞争比[公式:见文]的在线算法,并证明了它是[公式:见文]和[公式:见文]的最佳算法。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Interactive Risks in Project Portfolios from the Life Cycle Perspective 从生命周期角度看项目组合中的关键交互风险
Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500075
L. Bai, Jiale Liu, Ning Huang, Kanyin Zheng, Tingting Hao
The need for enterprises to manage project portfolio risks over the life cycle has become increasingly prominent. It is essential to evaluate and manage them to achieve project portfolios and organizations’ success. Unlike project risk, project portfolio risk is more complex and uncertain due to risk interactions. Risk management is unsatisfactory in project portfolios due to the lack of awareness of risk interactions and the life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical risks of project portfolios over the life cycle considering risk interactions. We primarily verified 20 identified risks through a questionnaire survey and an expert interview method and evaluated the interactions among them using the Delphi method. Furthermore, risk interactions were analyzed using the social network analysis (SNA) methodology to determine the important risks. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of important risks was carried out to identify critical risks according to the evaluation principles. The results identified six critical portfolio risks, two key risk contagion paths and revealed risk characteristics of different life cycle phases. This research considerably contributes to the body of knowledge pertaining to project portfolio management that will enable organizations that implement project portfolios and similar multi projects to emphasize critical risks.
企业在整个生命周期中管理项目组合风险的需求日益突出。评估和管理它们以实现项目组合和组织的成功是必要的。与项目风险不同,由于风险的相互作用,项目组合风险更加复杂和不确定。由于缺乏对风险相互作用和生命周期的认识,项目组合中的风险管理不能令人满意。本文的目的是在考虑风险相互作用的生命周期中识别项目组合的关键风险。通过问卷调查法和专家访谈法对20个已识别的风险进行初步验证,并采用德尔菲法评价风险之间的相互作用。此外,使用社会网络分析(SNA)方法分析风险相互作用,以确定重要风险。最后,根据评价原则对重要风险进行综合评价,识别关键风险。结果确定了6个关键投资组合风险,2个关键风险传染路径,揭示了不同生命周期阶段的风险特征。这项研究在很大程度上为项目投资组合管理的知识体系做出了贡献,这将使实施项目投资组合和类似多项目的组织能够强调关键风险。
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引用次数: 0
Location Problems with Cutoff 有切断的位置问题
Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500452
Raoul Müller, A. Schöbel, Dominic Schuhmacher
In this paper we study a generalized version of the Weber problem of finding a point that minimizes the sum of its distances to a finite number of given points. In our setting these distances may be $cut$ $off$ at a given value $C>0$, and we allow for the option of an $empty$ solution at a fixed cost $C'$. We analyze under which circumstances these problems can be reduced to the simpler Weber problem, and also when we definitely have to solve the more complex problem with cutoff. We furthermore present adaptions of the algorithm of [Drezner et al., 1991, $Transportation$ $Science$ 25(3), 183--187] to our setting, which in certain situations are able to substantially reduce computation times as demonstrated in a simulation study. The sensitivity with respect to the cutoff value is also studied, which allows us to provide an algorithm that efficiently solves the problem simultaneously for all $C>0$.
在本文中,我们研究了韦伯问题的一个一般化版本,即求一个点与有限个给定点的距离之和最小。在我们的设置中,这些距离可以在给定值C>0时被截断,并且我们允许以固定成本C选择一个空的解决方案。我们分析了在哪些情况下这些问题可以简化为更简单的韦伯问题,以及在什么情况下我们必须用截止来解决更复杂的问题。我们进一步提出了[Drezner et al., 1991, $Transportation$ Science$ 25(3), 183—187]的算法,以适应我们的设置,这在某些情况下能够大大减少计算时间,如模拟研究所示。研究了对截止值的敏感性,从而提供了一种算法,可以有效地同时解决所有C>0的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Scalarization and Optimality Conditions of E-Globally Proper Efficient Solution for Set-Valued Equilibrium Problems 集值平衡问题e -全局固有有效解的标化及最优性条件
Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922500099
Zhiang Zhou, Min Kuang
In this paper, our purpose is to use the improvement set to investigate the scalarization and optimality conditions of [Formula: see text]-globally proper efficient solution for the set-valued equilibrium problems with constraints. First, the notion of [Formula: see text]-globally proper efficient solution for set-valued equilibrium problems with constraints is introduced in locally convex Hausdorff topological spaces. Second, the linear scalarization theorems of [Formula: see text]-globally proper efficient solution are derived. Finally, under the assumption of nearly [Formula: see text]-subconvexlikeness, the Kuhn–Tucker and Lagrange optimality conditions for set-valued equilibrium problems with constraints are obtained in the sense of [Formula: see text]-globally proper efficiency. Meanwhile, we give some examples to illustrate our results. The results obtained in this paper improve and generalize some known results in the literature.
在本文中,我们的目的是利用改进集来研究[公式:见文]-具有约束的集值平衡问题的全局适当有效解的标化和最优性条件。首先,在局部凸Hausdorff拓扑空间中引入了具有约束的集值平衡问题的全局固有有效解的概念。其次,导出了[公式:见文]全局固有有效解的线性标化定理。最后,在近似[公式:见文]-次凸似的假设下,在[公式:见文]-全局固有效率的意义上,得到了带约束的集值均衡问题的Kuhn-Tucker和Lagrange最优性条件。同时,我们给出了一些例子来说明我们的结果。本文的结果改进和推广了文献中一些已知的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Parallel-Machine Scheduling with Step-Deteriorating Jobs to Minimize the Total (Weighted) Completion Time 具有逐步退化作业的并行机器调度以最小化总(加权)完成时间
Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922400115
Cuixia Miao, Fanyu Kong, Juan Zou, Ran Ma, Yujia Huo
In this paper, we consider the parallel-machine scheduling with step-deteriorating jobs. The actual processing time of each job deteriorates as a step function if its starting time is beyond a given deteriorating date. We focus on the case of the common job deteriorating date. For the minimization problem of total completion time, we first show that the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. Then we propose one property of any optimal schedule. Furthermore, we prove that two special cases of common normal processing time or common penalty are polynomially solvable. For the minimization problem of total weighted completion time, we analyze the NP-hardness and present a polynomial time optimal algorithm for the case of common normal processing time and common penalty.
本文研究了具有阶跃退化作业的并行机器调度问题。如果每个作业的开始时间超过给定的恶化日期,则每个作业的实际处理时间作为阶跃函数恶化。我们重点讨论了常见的工作恶化日期的情况。对于总完工时间的最小化问题,我们首先证明了该问题在强意义上是np困难的。然后给出了任意最优调度的一个性质。进一步证明了共同正常处理时间或共同处罚的两种特殊情况是多项式可解的。针对总加权完成时间的最小化问题,分析了np -硬度问题,提出了一种常见正常处理时间和常见处罚情况下的多项式时间优化算法。
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引用次数: 0
Effective Heuristic Techniques for Combined Robust Clustering Problem 组合鲁棒聚类问题的有效启发式技术
Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1142/s0217595922400097
Yunhe Xu, Chenchen Wu, Ling Gai, Lu Han
Clustering is one of the most important problems in the fields of data mining, machine learning, and biological population division, etc. Moreover, robust variant for [Formula: see text]-means problem, which includes [Formula: see text]-means with penalties and [Formula: see text]-means with outliers, is also an active research branch. Most of these problems are NP-hard even the most classical problem, [Formula: see text]-means problem. For the NP-hard problems, the heuristic algorithm is a powerful method. When the quality of the output can be guaranteed, the algorithm is called an approximation algorithm. In this paper, combining two types of robust settings, we consider [Formula: see text]-means problem with penalties and outliers ([Formula: see text]-MPO). In the [Formula: see text]-MPO, we are given an [Formula: see text]-point set [Formula: see text], a penalty cost [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text], an integer [Formula: see text], and an integer [Formula: see text]. The target is to find a center subset [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], a penalty subset [Formula: see text] and an outlier subset [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], such that the sum of the total costs, including the connection cost and the penalty cost, is minimized. We offer an approximation algorithm using a heuristic local search scheme. Based on a single-swap manipulation, we obtain [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm.
聚类是数据挖掘、机器学习、生物种群划分等领域的重要问题之一。此外,[公式:见文]均值问题的鲁棒变体,包括[公式:见文]-带惩罚的均值和[公式:见文]-带异常值的均值,也是一个活跃的研究分支。这些问题中的大多数都是np困难问题,即使是最经典的问题,[公式:见文本]-均值问题。对于np困难问题,启发式算法是一种强有力的方法。当能保证输出的质量时,该算法称为近似算法。在本文中,结合两种类型的鲁棒设置,我们考虑[公式:见文本]-具有惩罚和异常值([公式:见文本]-MPO)的均值问题。在[公式:见文本]-MPO中,我们得到一个[公式:见文本]-点集[公式:见文本],每个[公式:见文本]的惩罚成本[公式:见文本],一个整数[公式:见文本]和一个整数[公式:见文本]。目标是用[公式:见文]找到一个中心子集[公式:见文],一个惩罚子集[公式:见文]和一个离群子集[公式:见文],使包括连接成本和惩罚成本在内的总成本之和最小。我们提出了一种使用启发式局部搜索方案的近似算法。基于单交换操作,我们得到[公式:见文本]-近似算法。
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引用次数: 0
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Asia Pac. J. Oper. Res.
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