SUBMITTED 6 October 2020 REVISED 8 April 2021 ACCEPTED 15 April 2021 ABSTRACT Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar, is situated near the Sagaing Fault (the major fault in Myanmar). In the Mandalay region, the number of low-rise buildings is much greater than that of high-rise buildings. As such, seismic safety assessments of low-rise buildings play an important role in developing Mandalay as a smart city. In this study, the rapid visual screening (RVS) and preliminary evaluation for 26 numbers of threeto eight-story RC buildings were investigated with three different RVS and preliminary evaluation methods. Based on the RVS methods, the FEMA P154 Level 1 and 2 results gave the highest risk. With the Bangladesh method, the higher the story, the more vulnerable the building. Meanwhile, the Indianmethod showed amedium risk status. According to the preliminary evaluation, the assessed buildings need a detailed seismic evaluation, except for one building in the Indian method. Similarly, all buildings need a detailed evaluation in the Bangladesh method. The most convenient RVS and preliminary evaluation can be derived from these results for buildings in Mandalay, Myanmar. Moreover, a method can be developed for seismic safety assessments in other ASEAN countries with subsequent research.
{"title":"Seismic Safety Assessment of Existing Low-rise RC Buildings with Rapid Visual Screenings and Preliminary Evaluation Methods","authors":"M. M. Aung, Mya Nan Aye","doi":"10.29037/AJSTD.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/AJSTD.649","url":null,"abstract":"SUBMITTED 6 October 2020 REVISED 8 April 2021 ACCEPTED 15 April 2021 ABSTRACT Mandalay, the second largest city in Myanmar, is situated near the Sagaing Fault (the major fault in Myanmar). In the Mandalay region, the number of low-rise buildings is much greater than that of high-rise buildings. As such, seismic safety assessments of low-rise buildings play an important role in developing Mandalay as a smart city. In this study, the rapid visual screening (RVS) and preliminary evaluation for 26 numbers of threeto eight-story RC buildings were investigated with three different RVS and preliminary evaluation methods. Based on the RVS methods, the FEMA P154 Level 1 and 2 results gave the highest risk. With the Bangladesh method, the higher the story, the more vulnerable the building. Meanwhile, the Indianmethod showed amedium risk status. According to the preliminary evaluation, the assessed buildings need a detailed seismic evaluation, except for one building in the Indian method. Similarly, all buildings need a detailed evaluation in the Bangladesh method. The most convenient RVS and preliminary evaluation can be derived from these results for buildings in Mandalay, Myanmar. Moreover, a method can be developed for seismic safety assessments in other ASEAN countries with subsequent research.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45939619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of Yogyakarta has made city development increase. This construction continues to expand the reach of impervious surfaces. As a result, surface runoff and maximum discharge have increased, overflowing up to urban drainage. This study aimed to analyze the maximum discharge of the watershed based on design storms with 2, 5, 10, and 25-year return periods, used for flood control considerations. The urban flood was modelled using HEC-HMS. The results showed that the contribution of discharge flow in each segment is influenced by the dominance of land use, in which the segment dominated by dense settlements has a high contribution to the maximum discharge. The flow contribution is due to the high curve number value, which corresponds to the high surface runoff. The peak discharge of watersheds with return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years are 8 m3/s, 20.1 m3/s, 29.9 m3/s, and 44.1 m3/s, respectively.
{"title":"HEC-HMS Model for Urban Flood Analysis in Belik River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"S. Suprayogi, Rifa’i, R. Latifah","doi":"10.29037/AJSTD.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/AJSTD.643","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of Yogyakarta has made city development increase. This construction continues to expand the reach of impervious surfaces. As a result, surface runoff and maximum discharge have increased, overflowing up to urban drainage. This study aimed to analyze the maximum discharge of the watershed based on design storms with 2, 5, 10, and 25-year return periods, used for flood control considerations. The urban flood was modelled using HEC-HMS. The results showed that the contribution of discharge flow in each segment is influenced by the dominance of land use, in which the segment dominated by dense settlements has a high contribution to the maximum discharge. The flow contribution is due to the high curve number value, which corresponds to the high surface runoff. The peak discharge of watersheds with return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years are 8 m3/s, 20.1 m3/s, 29.9 m3/s, and 44.1 m3/s, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work from home (WFH) has gradually become more popular since COVID-19 started its transmission in Myanmar during the first quarter of 2020. Its consequence was a re-evaluation of the culture of workplaces and a significant change has occurred to the pattern of daytime employment distribution. In this paper, the network distribution model was built with three constraints, Distribution Bias 1, 2, and 3. These biases were determined through questionnaires, survey data collections of responses from Yangonites, and geographical data of urban employment cores. These percentile biases influenced the amount of employed population per distribution times and gave rise to two results. One was the ordinary daytime employed population and another was the improved daytime employed distribution (considering WFH). These two results were compared and contrasted with coefficient of variations, t-tests, and other correlation methods to determine the effect of WFH on the daytime employed population. With survey data, it was clarified that majorities in Yangon do favor work from home as an alternative option for future employment. Subsequently, the compared results revealed that work from home significantly decreased the amount of employment distribution and the amount of such decrements were more consistent and had less variations, hence reducing cramming during daytime distribution.
{"title":"Investigation of the Distribution of the Daytime Employed Population of Yangon, Myanmar, with and without the Impact of Work from Home","authors":"Y. Aung, S. Myint","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.652","url":null,"abstract":"Work from home (WFH) has gradually become more popular since COVID-19 started its transmission in Myanmar during the first quarter of 2020. Its consequence was a re-evaluation of the culture of workplaces and a significant change has occurred to the pattern of daytime employment distribution. In this paper, the network distribution model was built with three constraints, Distribution Bias 1, 2, and 3. These biases were determined through questionnaires, survey data collections of responses from Yangonites, and geographical data of urban employment cores. These percentile biases influenced the amount of employed population per distribution times and gave rise to two results. One was the ordinary daytime employed population and another was the improved daytime employed distribution (considering WFH). These two results were compared and contrasted with coefficient of variations, t-tests, and other correlation methods to determine the effect of WFH on the daytime employed population. With survey data, it was clarified that majorities in Yangon do favor work from home as an alternative option for future employment. Subsequently, the compared results revealed that work from home significantly decreased the amount of employment distribution and the amount of such decrements were more consistent and had less variations, hence reducing cramming during daytime distribution.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"7–14-7–14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saida Zainurossalamia Za, Siti Amalia, D. Darma, M. Azis
Happiness, human development, level of competitiveness, and capacity in innovation all play an important role in spurring long-term sustainable economic growth. This study presents the relationship between these factors—happiness, human development, competitiveness, and innovation in the ASEAN region—in how they influence economic growth. To date, there has been a lack of research on this specific issue, and thus it is an interesting and little-known one to study. Panel data were used comprising a combination of time series and cross-sections. The object of the study was ASEAN member countries using the multiple linear regression method. For the years of 2013–2019, we found that overall economic growth had a real impact. The results showed that human development and global innovation are two-way related to economic growth (positive and significant). Conversely, there was an insignificant influence of happiness and competitiveness on economic growth. Competitiveness, in particular, can reduce the level of economic growth. The policy considerations pursued by countries in ASEAN are through the respective governments’ strategic steps to improve the productivity of their populations, because human resources are needed not only as objects but actors in economic activities themselves in managing development.
{"title":"Spurring Economic Growth in Terms of Happiness, Human Development, Competitiveness and Global Innovation: the ASEAN Case","authors":"Saida Zainurossalamia Za, Siti Amalia, D. Darma, M. Azis","doi":"10.29037/AJSTD.653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/AJSTD.653","url":null,"abstract":"Happiness, human development, level of competitiveness, and capacity in innovation all play an important role in spurring long-term sustainable economic growth. This study presents the relationship between these factors—happiness, human development, competitiveness, and innovation in the ASEAN region—in how they influence economic growth. To date, there has been a lack of research on this specific issue, and thus it is an interesting and little-known one to study. Panel data were used comprising a combination of time series and cross-sections. The object of the study was ASEAN member countries using the multiple linear regression method. For the years of 2013–2019, we found that overall economic growth had a real impact. The results showed that human development and global innovation are two-way related to economic growth (positive and significant). Conversely, there was an insignificant influence of happiness and competitiveness on economic growth. Competitiveness, in particular, can reduce the level of economic growth. The policy considerations pursued by countries in ASEAN are through the respective governments’ strategic steps to improve the productivity of their populations, because human resources are needed not only as objects but actors in economic activities themselves in managing development.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"1–6-1–6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to propose a simple and efficient image processing algorithm for estimating the size and centroid of partially occluded round fruits. In the proposed method, the size and centroid of partially occluded fruit were estimated based on the mathematical properties of the arc-radius. The experimental tests were conducted in a laboratory with orange, Sunkist, apple, and tomato fruits by setting different occlusion conditions. The occlusion percentage was varied between 0% and 90%. The accuracy and processing time of the proposed method were compared with that of the widely-used conic-section circle fitting method. The results showed that the proposed method resulted in an overall accuracy of 95.1% and processing time of 0.66 s, as opposed to 60.2% and 0.68 s, respectively, using the conic-section equation. Compared with the conic-section equation, the proposed method was able to give a more robust prediction, even for low resolution images.
{"title":"Vision-based Size Estimation and Centroid Positioning of Partially Occluded Fruits","authors":"Mya Thin Kyu Kyu, Nay Zar Aung","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.636","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to propose a simple and efficient image processing algorithm for estimating the size and centroid of partially occluded round fruits. In the proposed method, the size and centroid of partially occluded fruit were estimated based on the mathematical properties of the arc-radius. The experimental tests were conducted in a laboratory with orange, Sunkist, apple, and tomato fruits by setting different occlusion conditions. The occlusion percentage was varied between 0% and 90%. The accuracy and processing time of the proposed method were compared with that of the widely-used conic-section circle fitting method. The results showed that the proposed method resulted in an overall accuracy of 95.1% and processing time of 0.66 s, as opposed to 60.2% and 0.68 s, respectively, using the conic-section equation. Compared with the conic-section equation, the proposed method was able to give a more robust prediction, even for low resolution images.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"101–108-101–108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47828117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Prayitno, R. Puspitasari, Suppakarn Jandang, K. Triana, E. Taufiqurrahman, Lestari, Afdal, I. Wulandari, Harmesa, H. Meirinawati, Suci Lastrini, M. T. Kaisupy, A. J. Wahyudi
The emission of greenhouse gases, including high CO2 and other materials, initiates global warming and climate change. Atmospheric CO2 that affects the carbonate system of seawater causes ocean acidification (OA). OA affects marine organisms directly, as well as humans economically and ecologically. Considering the high impact of OA and following the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, systematic research and monitoring of OA is necessary in Indonesia, whose seas play an important role in this emerging phenomenon. This review discusses the urgency of OA monitoring systems and suggests carbonate system monitoring, as well as carbon biogeochemistry. OA significantly affects marine production and alters ecosystem services, and it is likely to have an impact on habitats shifting from calcified to non-calcified and reducing benthic complexity. Its effect on calcifying organisms can also be found, i.e., coral calcification and/or dissolution of CaCO3 of calcifying organisms. Acidity (pH), as well as the carbonate system variables of seawater, fluctuate, especially with variations in space and time. Coastal ecosystems that are directly affected by terrestrial input will have carbonate system variables that fluctuate more. The annual rate of decreasing seawater pH, especially over an open and large spatial scale, may indicate OA. Therefore, a monitoring system must be implemented to obtain systematic and comprehensive information on OA. Here, we also introduce a biogeochemical monitoring initiative for OA in Lombok with the established protocols. Improvement of many aspects, including analysis instruments, analysis methods, sample treatment, and sampling frequency will provide new insight into further research and monitoring of OA.
{"title":"Establishing an Ocean Acidification Monitoring System for the Tropical Waters of Indonesia Facing Regional Climate Variability","authors":"H. Prayitno, R. Puspitasari, Suppakarn Jandang, K. Triana, E. Taufiqurrahman, Lestari, Afdal, I. Wulandari, Harmesa, H. Meirinawati, Suci Lastrini, M. T. Kaisupy, A. J. Wahyudi","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.638","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of greenhouse gases, including high CO2 and other materials, initiates global warming and climate change. Atmospheric CO2 that affects the carbonate system of seawater causes ocean acidification (OA). OA affects marine organisms directly, as well as humans economically and ecologically. Considering the high impact of OA and following the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, systematic research and monitoring of OA is necessary in Indonesia, whose seas play an important role in this emerging phenomenon. This review discusses the urgency of OA monitoring systems and suggests carbonate system monitoring, as well as carbon biogeochemistry. OA significantly affects marine production and alters ecosystem services, and it is likely to have an impact on habitats shifting from calcified to non-calcified and reducing benthic complexity. Its effect on calcifying organisms can also be found, i.e., coral calcification and/or dissolution of CaCO3 of calcifying organisms. Acidity (pH), as well as the carbonate system variables of seawater, fluctuate, especially with variations in space and time. Coastal ecosystems that are directly affected by terrestrial input will have carbonate system variables that fluctuate more. The annual rate of decreasing seawater pH, especially over an open and large spatial scale, may indicate OA. Therefore, a monitoring system must be implemented to obtain systematic and comprehensive information on OA. Here, we also introduce a biogeochemical monitoring initiative for OA in Lombok with the established protocols. Improvement of many aspects, including analysis instruments, analysis methods, sample treatment, and sampling frequency will provide new insight into further research and monitoring of OA.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"123–133-123–133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44504258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural wastes are very diverse in type and have low nutrient values, especially in lignin and cellulose, which are difficult to digest. One way of overcoming this problem is by biological treatment using microorganisms, also known as silage. The availability of bio-activators that are both cost-efficient and easy to make further suggests that using local microorganisms may be an effective possible solution. This study focused on processing food crop waste (corn leaves) into silage using local microorganisms as the bio-activators. Research took place in the Agrotechnology Laboratory, University of Jember. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: Treatment 1 (rumen), Treatment 2 (rumen + banana humps), Treatment 3 (rumen + petung bamboo shoots), and Treatment 4 (rumen + gamal leaves). The parameters tested were local microorganism quality (pH, total microbial, and organoleptic) and silage quality (nutrient composition, pH, and organoleptic). After three weeks, the organoleptic local microorganism test results in all treatments showed clear colors, an acidic aroma, small number of fungi, and normal pH (3–5). In terms of silage quality, the resulting local microorganisms could be used as a bio-activator in the silage fermentation process, with the maturity level indicated by a color change (green to brownish green), sweet and acidic aroma, softer tape and texture, and pH of 4–6. The proximate test results of this silage feed showed better nutrient content in the addition of formulations in the manufacture of local microorganisms. Petung bamboo shoots, gamal leaves, and banana humps can increase the nutrient content, mainly the protein. We therefore conclude that local microorganisms from the rumen and local materials can be used as activator materials in making silage from corn leaves with an increase in the value of waste nutrients.
{"title":"Exploration of Local Microorganisms from Rumen and Their Potential to Make Silage from Agricultural Waste","authors":"L. Purnamasari, H. Purnomo, H. Setyawan","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.642","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural wastes are very diverse in type and have low nutrient values, especially in lignin and cellulose, which are difficult to digest. One way of overcoming this problem is by biological treatment using microorganisms, also known as silage. The availability of bio-activators that are both cost-efficient and easy to make further suggests that using local microorganisms may be an effective possible solution. This study focused on processing food crop waste (corn leaves) into silage using local microorganisms as the bio-activators. Research took place in the Agrotechnology Laboratory, University of Jember. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments: Treatment 1 (rumen), Treatment 2 (rumen + banana humps), Treatment 3 (rumen + petung bamboo shoots), and Treatment 4 (rumen + gamal leaves). The parameters tested were local microorganism quality (pH, total microbial, and organoleptic) and silage quality (nutrient composition, pH, and organoleptic). After three weeks, the organoleptic local microorganism test results in all treatments showed clear colors, an acidic aroma, small number of fungi, and normal pH (3–5). In terms of silage quality, the resulting local microorganisms could be used as a bio-activator in the silage fermentation process, with the maturity level indicated by a color change (green to brownish green), sweet and acidic aroma, softer tape and texture, and pH of 4–6. The proximate test results of this silage feed showed better nutrient content in the addition of formulations in the manufacture of local microorganisms. Petung bamboo shoots, gamal leaves, and banana humps can increase the nutrient content, mainly the protein. We therefore conclude that local microorganisms from the rumen and local materials can be used as activator materials in making silage from corn leaves with an increase in the value of waste nutrients.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"109–114-109–114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41545888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea level changes play an important role as an indicator of climate change. However, without climate change, sea level itself shows strong regional patterns, both in space and time, that could deviate significantly from global averages. The spatial variability of sea level changes in Indonesia can be divided based on the drivers, i.e., climatic and seasonal weather-driven and non-climatic and geological-driven. Seasonally, sea level in Indonesia is generally high in northwest monsoon and low in southeast monsoon. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of extreme natural phenomenon influences that generate anomalies and thermosteric process that also affects the sea level. On the non-climatic and geological theory, the uniqueness of the tectonic setting in Indonesia will create spatial variation in regional sea levels both as static and dynamic changes in a long period of time. Land subsidence is also often regarded as a significant contributor to the rise of relative sea level in coastal environments. Combined with the rise of sea level, land subsidence will escalate the coastal flooding risk, contribute to shoreline retreat, and further aggravated by anthropogenic forces such as groundwater extraction and land development. This scientific review will summarize the spatial variation of sea level rise in Indonesia, examines the underlying drivers that control it, and provides an overview of combined sea level rise and land subsidence as a significant threat in Indonesia.
{"title":"Sea Level Rise in Indonesia: The Drivers and the Combined Impacts from Land Subsidence","authors":"K. Triana, A. J. Wahyudi","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.627","url":null,"abstract":"Sea level changes play an important role as an indicator of climate change. However, without climate change, sea level itself shows strong regional patterns, both in space and time, that could deviate significantly from global averages. The spatial variability of sea level changes in Indonesia can be divided based on the drivers, i.e., climatic and seasonal weather-driven and non-climatic and geological-driven. Seasonally, sea level in Indonesia is generally high in northwest monsoon and low in southeast monsoon. Nevertheless, there is a possibility of extreme natural phenomenon influences that generate anomalies and thermosteric process that also affects the sea level. On the non-climatic and geological theory, the uniqueness of the tectonic setting in Indonesia will create spatial variation in regional sea levels both as static and dynamic changes in a long period of time. Land subsidence is also often regarded as a significant contributor to the rise of relative sea level in coastal environments. Combined with the rise of sea level, land subsidence will escalate the coastal flooding risk, contribute to shoreline retreat, and further aggravated by anthropogenic forces such as groundwater extraction and land development. This scientific review will summarize the spatial variation of sea level rise in Indonesia, examines the underlying drivers that control it, and provides an overview of combined sea level rise and land subsidence as a significant threat in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42386872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biogeochemical cycle of trace metals is very likely affected by the global change in the ocean, especially due to the increasing of sea surface temperature and acidity. Thus, assessing biogeochemical cycle of trace metals will beneficial in elucidating the potential impact of climate change as well as ocean acidification. The assessment of the biogeochemical cycle of trace metals can be performed by measuring trace metals fluxes crossing the sediment–water interface. The main challenge in this measurement is the difficulty of measuring metal concentrations at trace levels due to either physical factors or biological factors that can affect the total flux. Sediment porewater profile and in situ benthic incubation are the two most commonly used methods for measuring trace metals fluxes from sediment to the overlying water or vice versa. The coefficient of diffusion and gradient of concentration are the two most important values in the sediment porewater profile method, while the constant volume involved in the container during the experiment is an important part of the in situ benthic incubation method. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of both measurement methods deeply and predict the challenges faced in its implementation in Indonesia.
{"title":"Two Approaches to Measure Trace Metals Fluxes at the Sediment–Water Interface: Sediment Porewater Profile and Benthic Incubation","authors":"Harmesa, A. J. Wahyudi","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.617","url":null,"abstract":"The biogeochemical cycle of trace metals is very likely affected by the global change in the ocean, especially due to the increasing of sea surface temperature and acidity. Thus, assessing biogeochemical cycle of trace metals will beneficial in elucidating the potential impact of climate change as well as ocean acidification. The assessment of the biogeochemical cycle of trace metals can be performed by measuring trace metals fluxes crossing the sediment–water interface. The main challenge in this measurement is the difficulty of measuring metal concentrations at trace levels due to either physical factors or biological factors that can affect the total flux. Sediment porewater profile and in situ benthic incubation are the two most commonly used methods for measuring trace metals fluxes from sediment to the overlying water or vice versa. The coefficient of diffusion and gradient of concentration are the two most important values in the sediment porewater profile method, while the constant volume involved in the container during the experiment is an important part of the in situ benthic incubation method. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of both measurement methods deeply and predict the challenges faced in its implementation in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"135–143-135–143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49532254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Khandeparker, D. Desai, S. Sawant, V. Krishnamurthy, A. C. Anil
The ecological health of port environments, which are dynamic and hotspots of anthropogenic activities, can be analyzed using specific pathogenic bacteria as they provide definite evidence and source of pollution. The influence of seasons and environmental settings on total bacterial count (TBC), distribution of fecal indicators, and Vibrio spp. was explored in Visakhapatnam port, located along the east coast of India. South-west monsoon had a significant influence on TBC, fecal indicators, and Vibrio spp., and the abundance was influenced by the eutrophic environment in the inner harbour. Fecal indicators were one order higher in sub-surface water when compared with sediment, indicating their inoculation due to turbulent conditions in south-west monsoon. The abundance of V. cholerae was influenced by salinity, temperature, and SPM, and was positively correlated to plankton; relating their distribution with disease dynamics and ecosystem functioning is a step ahead. Such an assessment is important from the perspective of human health and marine bioinvasion.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal Variations in Bacterial Abundance with an Emphasis on Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Vibrio spp. in and around Visakhapatnam Port, East Coast of India","authors":"L. Khandeparker, D. Desai, S. Sawant, V. Krishnamurthy, A. C. Anil","doi":"10.29037/ajstd.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.619","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological health of port environments, which are dynamic and hotspots of anthropogenic activities, can be analyzed using specific pathogenic bacteria as they provide definite evidence and source of pollution. The influence of seasons and environmental settings on total bacterial count (TBC), distribution of fecal indicators, and Vibrio spp. was explored in Visakhapatnam port, located along the east coast of India. South-west monsoon had a significant influence on TBC, fecal indicators, and Vibrio spp., and the abundance was influenced by the eutrophic environment in the inner harbour. Fecal indicators were one order higher in sub-surface water when compared with sediment, indicating their inoculation due to turbulent conditions in south-west monsoon. The abundance of V. cholerae was influenced by salinity, temperature, and SPM, and was positively correlated to plankton; relating their distribution with disease dynamics and ecosystem functioning is a step ahead. Such an assessment is important from the perspective of human health and marine bioinvasion.","PeriodicalId":8479,"journal":{"name":"Asean Journal on Science and Technology for Development","volume":" 3","pages":"91–99-91–99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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