In the present study, the researchers attempt to assess the Role Stress of primary school teachers of East Delhi. For the present study, 200 primary school teachers were randomly selected from various primary Schools of East Delhi. Role/Occupational Stress Questionnaire. By Samuel H. Osipow and Arnold R. Spokane (1987) was used. For data analysis, Mean, S.D., and t-test were used. Results show that primary school teachers were found to have varied stress on different dimensions of role stress.
在本研究中，研究者试图评估东德里小学教师的角色压力。在本研究中，从东德里的各个小学随机抽取了200名小学教师。角色/职业压力问卷。作者:Samuel H. Osipow和Arnold R. Spokane(1987)。数据分析采用Mean、sd和t检验。结果发现，小学教师在角色压力的不同维度上存在压力差异。
{"title":"Study of Role Stress among Primary School Teachers of East Delhi","authors":"S. Sharma, G. Kandpal, Narendra Kumar","doi":"10.29070/31/57455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57455","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the researchers attempt to assess the Role Stress of primary school teachers of East Delhi. For the present study, 200 primary school teachers were randomly selected from various primary Schools of East Delhi. Role/Occupational Stress Questionnaire. By Samuel H. Osipow and Arnold R. Spokane (1987) was used. For data analysis, Mean, S.D., and t-test were used. Results show that primary school teachers were found to have varied stress on different dimensions of role stress.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79139283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial Property of Peach Leaves Against Washing","authors":"S. Padma Rani, V. Singh","doi":"10.29070/31/57438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89577689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Money is necessary for human being to fulfil their basic needs such as food, cloth and shelter irrespective of their gender. Money can be earned by choosing any mode of earning out of available income opportunities. Male and female can choose earning method on the basis of their education and talent. This study is focused to study gender bias for available income opportunities for villagers’ living in vicinity of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project. Required information has been gathered through survey of villagers living in villages Devri, Motipura, Nimoda, Singhania and Undal. a structured questionnaire was filled during survey. Convenience and judgemental sampling method were used for selection of villagers. Frequency, percentage, simple arithmetic mean and ANOVA are the statistical tools used for the analysis. The study revealed that there is no biasing of gender for availing available income opportunities for villagers living in vicinity of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project.
{"title":"Gender Bias for Income Opportunities in Villages : A Study of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project","authors":"Reeta Karra, P. Jain, P. N. Mishra","doi":"10.29070/31/57453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57453","url":null,"abstract":"Money is necessary for human being to fulfil their basic needs such as food, cloth and shelter irrespective of their gender. Money can be earned by choosing any mode of earning out of available income opportunities. Male and female can choose earning method on the basis of their education and talent. This study is focused to study gender bias for available income opportunities for villagers’ living in vicinity of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project. Required information has been gathered through survey of villagers living in villages Devri, Motipura, Nimoda, Singhania and Undal. a structured questionnaire was filled during survey. Convenience and judgemental sampling method were used for selection of villagers. Frequency, percentage, simple arithmetic mean and ANOVA are the statistical tools used for the analysis. The study revealed that there is no biasing of gender for availing available income opportunities for villagers living in vicinity of Kalisindh Thermal Power Project.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77829169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents analysis of the optimal task design problem for intrinsically motivated workers within a firm with an incomplete contract theory. The authors study the control problem in the context of a search for projects and the interplay between optimal task design and intrinsic motivation. Our model is based on that reported by Bao and Wang (Journal of Economics 107 81-96, 2012), where optimal organization structure is discussed. Bao and Wang (2012) report that, because workers exert maximum effort to discover a project’s information to implement their favorite project, firms invariably choose integration without bargaining. The main result of this paper is the observation that when intrinsic motivation is sufficiently high, the firm might choose separation, in contrast to results reported by Bao and Wang. The higher a worker’s intrinsic motivation is, the higher the probability of choosing the firm management’s favorite project becomes. Consequently, although intrinsic motivation increases the firm’s profit, it decreases the worker’s incentive to exert effort to be informed.
本文利用不完全契约理论分析了企业内部内在激励员工的最优任务设计问题。作者研究了项目搜索情境下的控制问题，以及最优任务设计与内在动机的相互作用。我们的模型基于Bao和Wang (Journal of Economics 107 81-96, 2012)的报告，其中讨论了最优组织结构。Bao和Wang(2012)报告说，由于工人尽最大努力去发现项目的信息来实施他们喜欢的项目，企业总是选择整合而不讨价还价。本文的主要结果是观察到当内在动机足够高时，企业可能会选择分离，这与Bao和Wang报告的结果相反。员工的内在动机越高，选择企业管理层最喜欢的项目的可能性就越大。因此，尽管内在动机增加了公司的利润，但它降低了员工努力获得信息的动机。
{"title":"Optimal Task Design for Intrinsically Motivated Workers with an Incomplete Contract","authors":"Keiki Kumagae","doi":"10.29070/31/57434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57434","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents analysis of the optimal task design problem for intrinsically motivated workers within a firm with an incomplete contract theory. The authors study the control problem in the context of a search for projects and the interplay between optimal task design and intrinsic motivation. Our model is based on that reported by Bao and Wang (Journal of Economics 107 81-96, 2012), where optimal organization structure is discussed. Bao and Wang (2012) report that, because workers exert maximum effort to discover a project’s information to implement their favorite project, firms invariably choose integration without bargaining. The main result of this paper is the observation that when intrinsic motivation is sufficiently high, the firm might choose separation, in contrast to results reported by Bao and Wang. The higher a worker’s intrinsic motivation is, the higher the probability of choosing the firm management’s favorite project becomes. Consequently, although intrinsic motivation increases the firm’s profit, it decreases the worker’s incentive to exert effort to be informed.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73936121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Training and development programs are the basic structural and functional foundations for the development of employees in any industry. In today’s competitive business, training is the most important tool to improve workers’ skills, knowledge and their attitude towards work. The purpose of the current study was to find out the need of the respondents for training to improve their skill sets, impart training on identified gap areas and evaluate the effect of training on employee’s job performance and understanding of the work. The data was collected from 375 respondents in production department selected from twenty five knitwear industries of Ludhiana. The result shows that the training was very effective and 70% respondents were satisfied with the training content in meeting their specific needs. More than half of the respondents showed increased motivation to work and 70-90% of them reported that there is enhancement in their existing skill sets. Demonstration was chosen as the most liked training method used by the expert and more than 80% of the respondents demanded more training in the near future.
{"title":"Impact of Need Based Training on Production Workforce of Ludhiana Knitwear Industry","authors":"Pawandeep Kaur, S. Mahajan, H. Saini","doi":"10.29070/31/57454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57454","url":null,"abstract":"Training and development programs are the basic structural and functional foundations for the development of employees in any industry. In today’s competitive business, training is the most important tool to improve workers’ skills, knowledge and their attitude towards work. The purpose of the current study was to find out the need of the respondents for training to improve their skill sets, impart training on identified gap areas and evaluate the effect of training on employee’s job performance and understanding of the work. The data was collected from 375 respondents in production department selected from twenty five knitwear industries of Ludhiana. The result shows that the training was very effective and 70% respondents were satisfied with the training content in meeting their specific needs. More than half of the respondents showed increased motivation to work and 70-90% of them reported that there is enhancement in their existing skill sets. Demonstration was chosen as the most liked training method used by the expert and more than 80% of the respondents demanded more training in the near future.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"382 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72437042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, impeding the right of women to participate fully in society. Violence against women is considered a major violation of human rights. It is also a major public health problem. A wide range of physical, mental, sexual and reproductive and maternal health problems can result from violence against women. Violence against women is associated with sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancies, gynecological problems, induced abortions, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, low birth weight and fetal death. The age old cultural beliefs and tradition have identified various issues of gender-based violence that over the period of time has become a major cause of harassment faced by the women. The present paper has three objectives : first,to clarify the meaning of violence against women; Second, to examine global or international as well as national efforts made so far to combat violence against women; and lastly, suggest ways and means to improve the situation. Naturally, the sources and material used in such an analysis are mainly secondary in nature and this paper is no exception to it.
{"title":"Combating Violence against Women in India","authors":"R. Agarwal","doi":"10.29070/31/57447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57447","url":null,"abstract":"Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in all socio-economic and educational classes. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, impeding the right of women to participate fully in society. Violence against women is considered a major violation of human rights. It is also a major public health problem. A wide range of physical, mental, sexual and reproductive and maternal health problems can result from violence against women. Violence against women is associated with sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancies, gynecological problems, induced abortions, and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, low birth weight and fetal death. The age old cultural beliefs and tradition have identified various issues of gender-based violence that over the period of time has become a major cause of harassment faced by the women. The present paper has three objectives : first,to clarify the meaning of violence against women; Second, to examine global or international as well as national efforts made so far to combat violence against women; and lastly, suggest ways and means to improve the situation. Naturally, the sources and material used in such an analysis are mainly secondary in nature and this paper is no exception to it.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74338730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Becoming Bonafide Woman","authors":"K. Dahal","doi":"10.29070/31/57449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81977126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tie and dye, is a resist-dyeing process for creating attractive coloured designs on fabrics. This is achieved by knotting, binding, folding or sewing certain parts of the cloth in such a way that the dye cannot penetrate into these areas when the cloth is dyed. It is a hand process by which intricate and attractive patterns can be produced. It is a village craft carried on mostly by women in villages of India. The workers are known as Bandhanaris who grow their nails of thumbs or fore fingers for tying the knots on cloth. Designs can be tied in different ways. A booklet on the tie and dye was prepared to inculcate the art among the art lovers. Further the efficacy of the booklet was tested on 80 students of Government schools (40 urban and 40 rural schools) of Ludhiana district. Pre knowledge testing and post knowledge testing was done. During preknowledge testing, it was found that there was a high knowledge gap which reached up to 2.00 WMS. Both rural and urban respondents had 100% knowledge gap in marking design on fabric,technique of random texturing,type of dye, pretreatment of fabric, preparation of dye bath and use of combination of various techniques. During post knowledge testing, the respondents were again administered the same questionnaire to check their knowledge level regarding tie and dye. It was found that the mean knowledge score of the respondents was high. It ranged between 1.75 to 2.00 WMS, which led to negligible knowledge gap. The knowledge gap clearly shows the effectiveness/efficacy of the booklet. The booklet was found to be efficient for learning techniques of tying.
{"title":"Efficacy Testing of Tie and Dye Booklet","authors":"R. Kaur, S. Bains","doi":"10.29070/31/57441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29070/31/57441","url":null,"abstract":"Tie and dye, is a resist-dyeing process for creating attractive coloured designs on fabrics. This is achieved by knotting, binding, folding or sewing certain parts of the cloth in such a way that the dye cannot penetrate into these areas when the cloth is dyed. It is a hand process by which intricate and attractive patterns can be produced. It is a village craft carried on mostly by women in villages of India. The workers are known as Bandhanaris who grow their nails of thumbs or fore fingers for tying the knots on cloth. Designs can be tied in different ways. A booklet on the tie and dye was prepared to inculcate the art among the art lovers. Further the efficacy of the booklet was tested on 80 students of Government schools (40 urban and 40 rural schools) of Ludhiana district. Pre knowledge testing and post knowledge testing was done. During preknowledge testing, it was found that there was a high knowledge gap which reached up to 2.00 WMS. Both rural and urban respondents had 100% knowledge gap in marking design on fabric,technique of random texturing,type of dye, pretreatment of fabric, preparation of dye bath and use of combination of various techniques. During post knowledge testing, the respondents were again administered the same questionnaire to check their knowledge level regarding tie and dye. It was found that the mean knowledge score of the respondents was high. It ranged between 1.75 to 2.00 WMS, which led to negligible knowledge gap. The knowledge gap clearly shows the effectiveness/efficacy of the booklet. The booklet was found to be efficient for learning techniques of tying.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9780851999128.0147
G. Shively, C. Zelek
Do the most promising policies to promote sustainable upland farming originate at the local or national level? Will coordination of local and national efforts produce better outcomes? This paper uses an optimization-simulation model of the Manupali watershed in the Philippines to investigate these issues. It compares the economic and environmental effects of four sets of stylized policy changes: (1) local policies that restrict some forms of land use; (2) local attempts to subsidize environment-friendly technologies; (3) a crop-specific tax levied on vegetable production; and (4) a hybrid approach that seeks to coordinate local technology initiatives with a broader-based national pricing policy.
{"title":"Linking Economic Policy and Environmental Outcomes at a Watershed Scale","authors":"G. Shively, C. Zelek","doi":"10.1079/9780851999128.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851999128.0147","url":null,"abstract":"Do the most promising policies to promote sustainable upland farming originate at the local or national level? Will coordination of local and national efforts produce better outcomes? This paper uses an optimization-simulation model of the Manupali watershed in the Philippines to investigate these issues. It compares the economic and environmental effects of four sets of stylized policy changes: (1) local policies that restrict some forms of land use; (2) local attempts to subsidize environment-friendly technologies; (3) a crop-specific tax levied on vegetable production; and (4) a hybrid approach that seeks to coordinate local technology initiatives with a broader-based national pricing policy.","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"50 1","pages":"147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80858937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Population pressure and migration: implications for upland development in the Philippines.","authors":"M C Cruz, I Zosa-feranil, C L Goce","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85011,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Philippine development : a technical journal of the National Economic and Development Authority","volume":"15 26","pages":"15-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22027520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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