Public diplomacy represents an important activity that serves national interests and comes as a function of the development of the country and its people. The importance of public diplomacy is increasing, especially when considering the current global context – technological, digital, economic developments, interconnections, and interactions at multilateral levels. In Albania, little is known about public diplomacy, its role, and functions, how it is constructed and how it is represented through various initiatives. The study on Public Diplomacy as a Political Communication Tool in Albania aims to provide a general overview of public diplomacy in Albania, initiatives and activities taken in support of public diplomacy, and the role of public diplomacy in the development of the country and the benefits associated with it. For the realization of this study, a mixture of research methods was used, including desk review of exiting literature and key strategic documents, and interviews conducted with the public to assess public perception and knowledge on public diplomacy. The results show efforts made in years to engage in public diplomacy with countries all over the world, as a strategic intervention to promote the country’s development. It furthers shows the low levels of recognition and knowledge of the wider public about public diplomacy in country. The study highlights that public diplomacy in Albania is in the steps of its development and yet to consolidate.
{"title":"Public diplomacy as political communication in Albania","authors":"Eriklenta Ymeri","doi":"10.58944/pxxm9461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/pxxm9461","url":null,"abstract":"Public diplomacy represents an important activity that serves national interests and comes as a function of the development of the country and its people. The importance of public diplomacy is increasing, especially when considering the current global context – technological, digital, economic developments, interconnections, and interactions at multilateral levels. In Albania, little is known about public diplomacy, its role, and functions, how it is constructed and how it is represented through various initiatives. The study on Public Diplomacy as a Political Communication Tool in Albania aims to provide a general overview of public diplomacy in Albania, initiatives and activities taken in support of public diplomacy, and the role of public diplomacy in the development of the country and the benefits associated with it. For the realization of this study, a mixture of research methods was used, including desk review of exiting literature and key strategic documents, and interviews conducted with the public to assess public perception and knowledge on public diplomacy. The results show efforts made in years to engage in public diplomacy with countries all over the world, as a strategic intervention to promote the country’s development. It furthers shows the low levels of recognition and knowledge of the wider public about public diplomacy in country. The study highlights that public diplomacy in Albania is in the steps of its development and yet to consolidate.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83952040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does the fabrication of an international subject happen in the media? This article focuses on the theoretical framework for media research analysis in the context of the international media coverage of the Western Balkans and Albania as a case study. The theoretical and methodological approach reflects on the media research conducted both in terms of content analysis as well as theoretical and agency analysis. As Philo C. Wasburn puts it in “The social construction of international news”, in the symbolic universe built by the American media, during most of the 20th century and after 1989, the United States were considered not only the center of the greatest world events but were understood as the “natural order” for the American citizen and consumer.
媒体是如何捏造一个国际主题的?本文以西巴尔干半岛和阿尔巴尼亚的国际媒体报道为例，重点探讨媒体研究分析的理论框架。理论和方法方法既反映了媒介研究的内容分析，也反映了媒介研究的理论和机构分析。正如菲罗·c·沃斯本(Philo C. Wasburn)在《国际新闻的社会建构》(The social construction of international news)中所言，在20世纪的大部分时间和1989年之后，在美国媒体构建的象征宇宙中，美国不仅被认为是世界重大事件的中心，而且被理解为美国公民和消费者的“自然秩序”。
{"title":"The media research analysis as an approach to investigate the fabrication of an international subject in the news","authors":"Belina Budini","doi":"10.58944/ndyn4850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/ndyn4850","url":null,"abstract":"How does the fabrication of an international subject happen in the media? This article focuses on the theoretical framework for media research analysis in the context of the international media coverage of the Western Balkans and Albania as a case study. The theoretical and methodological approach reflects on the media research conducted both in terms of content analysis as well as theoretical and agency analysis. As Philo C. Wasburn puts it in “The social construction of international news”, in the symbolic universe built by the American media, during most of the 20th century and after 1989, the United States were considered not only the center of the greatest world events but were understood as the “natural order” for the American citizen and consumer.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87911789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fitness is widely regarded as a fundamental premise of a good state of health for all ages, offering creative and fun opportunities, it can bring a comprehensive help for individual and social development that staff needs physical exercise for his psychological balance and physiological. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the current state of Fitness Centers, their management and marketing in accordance with the socio-economic changes that our country is going through, in accordance with the conditions of the market economy and the needs of customers. Management should be seen as a process by which personnel contribute to the choice of leadership, so that an organization functions efficiently in achieving that for which it was created. Conclusion: The next step in managing a fitness center is partnering with commercial gym equipment providers to equip your fitness facility with the latest fitness equipment and tools. Effectively managing a health center means making sure all your fitness equipment is in good working order. Professionally managing a fitness center means taking the time to hire experienced and resolute staff dedicated to helping your fitness center thrive. Employee incentives and well-organized employee training programs can help keep all staff members engaged and committed.
{"title":"Efficient management of fitness centers, an important link of sport for all","authors":"Dorjan Isufaj","doi":"10.58944/udyw7226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/udyw7226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fitness is widely regarded as a fundamental premise of a good state of health for all ages, offering creative and fun opportunities, it can bring a comprehensive help for individual and social development that staff needs physical exercise for his psychological balance and physiological. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to present the current state of Fitness Centers, their management and marketing in accordance with the socio-economic changes that our country is going through, in accordance with the conditions of the market economy and the needs of customers. Management should be seen as a process by which personnel contribute to the choice of leadership, so that an organization functions efficiently in achieving that for which it was created. Conclusion: The next step in managing a fitness center is partnering with commercial gym equipment providers to equip your fitness facility with the latest fitness equipment and tools. Effectively managing a health center means making sure all your fitness equipment is in good working order. Professionally managing a fitness center means taking the time to hire experienced and resolute staff dedicated to helping your fitness center thrive. Employee incentives and well-organized employee training programs can help keep all staff members engaged and committed.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"182 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76769336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ambitious narratives are being produced in Albanian literature usually by young writers who are making a name for themselves and are being honoured for their works by juries and the media alike. However, their ambition, being the drive behind their thematic works, is equally a challenge to rise to. Purpose: This article aims at analysing the reasons for failing to fulfil the literary ambition, as well as to clearly delineate the contribution of such works in their mission as literary narratives. Method: I have chosen to apply rhetorical analysis as developed principally by James Phelan on a tale by the young Albanian writer Loer Kume, for which he was honoured with a prestigious prize in literature, the “Kadare Prize” in 2019. Conclusion: Foregrounding of thematic interest in literature, such as that relating to our attitude to morality, fails to convince the readers when offered with too much guidance and becomes an aesthetic liability.
{"title":"The road to nowhere: Loer Kume’s “Snowman\"","authors":"K. Mile","doi":"10.58944/swlu9919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/swlu9919","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ambitious narratives are being produced in Albanian literature usually by young writers who are making a name for themselves and are being honoured for their works by juries and the media alike. However, their ambition, being the drive behind their thematic works, is equally a challenge to rise to. Purpose: This article aims at analysing the reasons for failing to fulfil the literary ambition, as well as to clearly delineate the contribution of such works in their mission as literary narratives. Method: I have chosen to apply rhetorical analysis as developed principally by James Phelan on a tale by the young Albanian writer Loer Kume, for which he was honoured with a prestigious prize in literature, the “Kadare Prize” in 2019. Conclusion: Foregrounding of thematic interest in literature, such as that relating to our attitude to morality, fails to convince the readers when offered with too much guidance and becomes an aesthetic liability.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The main topic of this scientific paper is based on what hate speech is, and how it affects young Albanians. The main problem raised in this paper is how hate speech is not much talked about in our everyday lives, and how young people do not have enough information about different examples of hate speech in their everyday lives and therefore not being aware how this can affect their mental health and emotional well – being. Purpose: The hypothesis that this scientific paper is based on is how today’s society faces a current situation of co-existence, where there is a lack of information on hate speech, and how young people (students) do not know how to identify what can be considered hate speech or not. Method: The theoretical basis of this scientific paper focuses on relevant literatures, studies conducted on this topic from all over the world, as well as previous studies focused on Albania, with relevant references. This paper contains the main study conducted by the author, a survey named “Hate speech and its effect on emotional Wellbeing” with open and closed questions, the data of which have been analyzed and interpreted. Conclusion: The creation of new platforms where young people can be informed about hate speech, report experiences is a necessary need.
{"title":"Hate Speech and its Impact on Albanian Youth","authors":"","doi":"10.58944/vywj6033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/vywj6033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main topic of this scientific paper is based on what hate speech is, and how it affects young Albanians. The main problem raised in this paper is how hate speech is not much talked about in our everyday lives, and how young people do not have enough information about different examples of hate speech in their everyday lives and therefore not being aware how this can affect their mental health and emotional well – being. Purpose: The hypothesis that this scientific paper is based on is how today’s society faces a current situation of co-existence, where there is a lack of information on hate speech, and how young people (students) do not know how to identify what can be considered hate speech or not. Method: The theoretical basis of this scientific paper focuses on relevant literatures, studies conducted on this topic from all over the world, as well as previous studies focused on Albania, with relevant references. This paper contains the main study conducted by the author, a survey named “Hate speech and its effect on emotional Wellbeing” with open and closed questions, the data of which have been analyzed and interpreted. Conclusion: The creation of new platforms where young people can be informed about hate speech, report experiences is a necessary need.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77698607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Social media influencers are gaining special relevance in many studies related to media, communication, and advertisement. Whilst a lot of research has been conducted in several countries on possible effects on different fields, in Albania SMI-s are still considered a pure marketing tool and there is little evidence on trends related to this topic. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand why the younger generation tend to follow social media influencers and to identify the most notable features they are looking for when following a specific SMI. Methodology: The data collection method used for this study was a questionnaire, spread out to students at the European University of Tirana, and the sample population age range was from 18 years old up to 26 years old. Conclusion: It results that youth tend to spend more than three hours on social media, and they are inclined to follow social media influencers based on the similarities they share with them. One of the most relevant findings is their tendency to strongly disagree in considering reality shows characters and politicians as social media influencers.
{"title":"Social Media Influencers in Albania. Self-promotion or a hyper-machine phenomenon","authors":"","doi":"10.58944/rmko4435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/rmko4435","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social media influencers are gaining special relevance in many studies related to media, communication, and advertisement. Whilst a lot of research has been conducted in several countries on possible effects on different fields, in Albania SMI-s are still considered a pure marketing tool and there is little evidence on trends related to this topic. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand why the younger generation tend to follow social media influencers and to identify the most notable features they are looking for when following a specific SMI. Methodology: The data collection method used for this study was a questionnaire, spread out to students at the European University of Tirana, and the sample population age range was from 18 years old up to 26 years old. Conclusion: It results that youth tend to spend more than three hours on social media, and they are inclined to follow social media influencers based on the similarities they share with them. One of the most relevant findings is their tendency to strongly disagree in considering reality shows characters and politicians as social media influencers.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89708171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a researcher in the fields of Political Science and Intercultural Communication, my purpose here is linked with the current state of art in Albania, but only through the narratives, fables and symbolic structures that condition it. Even though art as it is now mainly composed of rigid shapes and colors thrown/scattered without much thought in it, I argue that for art to think (or work) outside this quasimainstream mindset, it has first to see how the latter dictates its horizons of possibility. I conclude that these are ready-made fables and concepts taken for granted in the mainstream and which very quickly create a “discursive tension” where our very space of not only artistic freedom is at stake, and for which a “discursive struggle” may be delineated.
{"title":"Art in small circles","authors":"Evi Veliu","doi":"10.58944/ljwx6183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/ljwx6183","url":null,"abstract":"As a researcher in the fields of Political Science and Intercultural Communication, my purpose here is linked with the current state of art in Albania, but only through the narratives, fables and symbolic structures that condition it. Even though art as it is now mainly composed of rigid shapes and colors thrown/scattered without much thought in it, I argue that for art to think (or work) outside this quasimainstream mindset, it has first to see how the latter dictates its horizons of possibility. I conclude that these are ready-made fables and concepts taken for granted in the mainstream and which very quickly create a “discursive tension” where our very space of not only artistic freedom is at stake, and for which a “discursive struggle” may be delineated.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78744756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coding is solving problems while working. In coding, you must visualize and create map minds of your task or issue and break down the problem into smaller and more manageable parts, so that you can solve them more effectively and efficiently. So overall, coding includes the same process as critical thinking, and that of critical thinking process can be used very well and effectively in coding. Purpose: Exploring the possibilities and perspectives of the interaction between coding and encouraging, also developing critical thinking among students in the 15-18 age group. Evidence of students’ help in diversifying the ways of gaining knowledge and practical skills, as well as enabling young people to be more involved, among the approaches to education in the contemporary educational process. Method: This study is conducted at the “Arif Halil Sulaj” high school, Mamurras. To achieve the study objectives, a field survey was conducted through questionnaires and focus groups, both for teachers and for students of the “Arif Halil Sulaj” high school, Mamurras. Conclusion: Based on the searched results, it was evidenced that coding has a significant impact on increasing the involvement of students in the most active lessons and encouraging critical thinking, enabling them to solve problem situations independently, especially in the subjects of exact sciences. The recommendations determine the need to extend the curriculum in general with coding hours and algorithms as well as the addition of ICT hours in the 11th grade.
编码是在工作的同时解决问题。在编码过程中，你必须将你的任务或问题可视化，并将其分解成更小、更易于管理的部分，这样你才能更有效地解决它们。所以总的来说，编码过程和批判性思维过程是一样的，而批判性思维过程可以很好很有效地运用到编码中。目的:探索15-18岁学生编码与鼓励之间互动的可能性和视角，同时培养批判性思维。在当代教育过程中，学生帮助多元化获取知识和实践技能的途径，并使年轻人更多地参与其中。方法:本研究在马穆拉斯的“Arif Halil Sulaj”高中进行。为了实现研究目标，通过问卷调查和焦点小组对Mamurras“Arif Halil Sulaj”高中的教师和学生进行了实地调查。结论:根据搜索结果，可以证明编码对提高学生参与最活跃的课程，鼓励批判性思维，使他们能够独立解决问题情境有显著影响，特别是在精确科学科目中。这些建议确定了在11年级增加编码课时和算法课时以及信息通信技术课时的必要性。
{"title":"Critical thinking development in students during coding in the subject of “information and communication technology”","authors":"","doi":"10.58944/oqvb3639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58944/oqvb3639","url":null,"abstract":"Coding is solving problems while working. In coding, you must visualize and create map minds of your task or issue and break down the problem into smaller and more manageable parts, so that you can solve them more effectively and efficiently. So overall, coding includes the same process as critical thinking, and that of critical thinking process can be used very well and effectively in coding. Purpose: Exploring the possibilities and perspectives of the interaction between coding and encouraging, also developing critical thinking among students in the 15-18 age group. Evidence of students’ help in diversifying the ways of gaining knowledge and practical skills, as well as enabling young people to be more involved, among the approaches to education in the contemporary educational process. Method: This study is conducted at the “Arif Halil Sulaj” high school, Mamurras. To achieve the study objectives, a field survey was conducted through questionnaires and focus groups, both for teachers and for students of the “Arif Halil Sulaj” high school, Mamurras. Conclusion: Based on the searched results, it was evidenced that coding has a significant impact on increasing the involvement of students in the most active lessons and encouraging critical thinking, enabling them to solve problem situations independently, especially in the subjects of exact sciences. The recommendations determine the need to extend the curriculum in general with coding hours and algorithms as well as the addition of ICT hours in the 11th grade.","PeriodicalId":85291,"journal":{"name":"Polis (Bologna, Italy)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72677540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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