Pub Date : 1994-03-01DOI: 10.1080/13533319408413489
A. Fetherston
The over‐taxed ad hoc system of peacekeeping does not meet the demands posed by the post‐cold war world. This is apparent in the problems besetting a number of peacekeeping missions around the globe. What is far less obvious is how to change the system so that it is better equipped to deal with the range of ongoing violent protracted conflicts. This article argues that peacekeeping needs to be placed on a firm conceptual footing directly congruent with its peaceful third party role. The implications of this conceptualization of peacekeeping for practice are then discussed. Finally, training is cited as a key means of translating conceptual understanding into practice. Without this foundation work, the myriad proposals for UN and peacekeeping reform and reorganization have little chance of making a positive impact on the existing, and largely ineffective, system of conflict management.
{"title":"Putting the Peace Back into Peacekeeping: Theory Must Inform Practice","authors":"A. Fetherston","doi":"10.1080/13533319408413489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319408413489","url":null,"abstract":"The over‐taxed ad hoc system of peacekeeping does not meet the demands posed by the post‐cold war world. This is apparent in the problems besetting a number of peacekeeping missions around the globe. What is far less obvious is how to change the system so that it is better equipped to deal with the range of ongoing violent protracted conflicts. This article argues that peacekeeping needs to be placed on a firm conceptual footing directly congruent with its peaceful third party role. The implications of this conceptualization of peacekeeping for practice are then discussed. Finally, training is cited as a key means of translating conceptual understanding into practice. Without this foundation work, the myriad proposals for UN and peacekeeping reform and reorganization have little chance of making a positive impact on the existing, and largely ineffective, system of conflict management.","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89775732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-03-01DOI: 10.1080/016366094094777711
T. Weiss
{"title":"Intervention: Whither the United Nations?","authors":"T. Weiss","doi":"10.1080/016366094094777711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/016366094094777711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80727897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of the preparation for the up-coming International Conference on Population and Development, an expert group meeting on population distribution and migration was held in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, in January 1993. Participants considered the scope of migration which included a net internal migration of between 75 million and 1 billion people during 1975-85 and international migration which census data put at 77 million in the 1970s and early 1980s. World economic trends during the 1980s were reviewed, as were changes in the nature and configuration of various countries. The following topics were explored: patterns of population distribution and development, policies affecting internal migration and population distribution, internal migration and its implications for development, economic aspects of international migration, international migration in a changing world, international migration between developing countries, and refugees and asylum-seekers. 37 recommendations were prepared for governments, social institutions, and the international community. The first 10 urge that population distribution be an integral part of development policies, that government policies and expenditures be evaluated for their contribution to social and economic goals, that the capacity and competence of municipal authorities to manage urban development be increased, that government funding be decentralized, that economic and institutional links be developed between urban centers and surrounding rural areas, that alternatives to out-migration from rural areas be created, that the income-earning capacities of migrants be improved, that group mobilization by and for people affected by migration be encouraged, that adequate access to health services and family planning be assured, and that the underlying causes of environmental degradation, natural disasters, and war be addressed with mechanisms developed to protect victims. 13 recommendations deal with international migration and call for appropriate policies, cooperation, protection of human rights, an end to discrimination toward women, the normalization of family life among documented migrants, the promotion of good community relations between migrants and the rest of society, the guarantee of equal economic and social rights to longterm foreign residents and facilitation of their naturalization, the provision of legal information to potential migrants, the provision of equal educational and training opportunities to the children of migrants, and the institution of sanctions against the organizers of illegal migration. The next 7 recommendations urge that the causes of forced migration be addressed, that refugees receive assistance and protection, that the responsibility for refugees be shared equitably, that the right to asylum be protected, that appropriate repatriation programs be supported, that long-standing refugee populations be helped to achieve self-sufficiency, and that the specific needs of refugee
{"title":"Expert Group Meeting on Population Distribution and Migration.","authors":"H. Zlotnik","doi":"10.2307/2547032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2547032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As part of the preparation for the up-coming International Conference on Population and Development, an expert group meeting on population distribution and migration was held in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, in January 1993. Participants considered the scope of migration which included a net internal migration of between 75 million and 1 billion people during 1975-85 and international migration which census data put at 77 million in the 1970s and early 1980s. World economic trends during the 1980s were reviewed, as were changes in the nature and configuration of various countries. The following topics were explored: patterns of population distribution and development, policies affecting internal migration and population distribution, internal migration and its implications for development, economic aspects of international migration, international migration in a changing world, international migration between developing countries, and refugees and asylum-seekers. 37 recommendations were prepared for governments, social institutions, and the international community. The first 10 urge that population distribution be an integral part of development policies, that government policies and expenditures be evaluated for their contribution to social and economic goals, that the capacity and competence of municipal authorities to manage urban development be increased, that government funding be decentralized, that economic and institutional links be developed between urban centers and surrounding rural areas, that alternatives to out-migration from rural areas be created, that the income-earning capacities of migrants be improved, that group mobilization by and for people affected by migration be encouraged, that adequate access to health services and family planning be assured, and that the underlying causes of environmental degradation, natural disasters, and war be addressed with mechanisms developed to protect victims. 13 recommendations deal with international migration and call for appropriate policies, cooperation, protection of human rights, an end to discrimination toward women, the normalization of family life among documented migrants, the promotion of good community relations between migrants and the rest of society, the guarantee of equal economic and social rights to longterm foreign residents and facilitation of their naturalization, the provision of legal information to potential migrants, the provision of equal educational and training opportunities to the children of migrants, and the institution of sanctions against the organizers of illegal migration. The next 7 recommendations urge that the causes of forced migration be addressed, that refugees receive assistance and protection, that the responsibility for refugees be shared equitably, that the right to asylum be protected, that appropriate repatriation programs be supported, that long-standing refugee populations be helped to achieve self-sufficiency, and that the specific needs of refugee ","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":"34-35 1","pages":"120-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2547032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69184277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arab Population Conference. Second Amman Declaration on Population and Development in the Arab World.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 37-38","pages":"66-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This paper documents the process by which the freedom of movement of workers has been established in the European Community and uses data on migrant flows and stocks to assess whether such freedom of movement has had a significant effect in increasing intra-Community migration. Although the evidence suggests that the presence of Community workers increased in newly admitted Community member States, such as the United Kingdom during the 1970s and, more recently, Greece, Portugal and Spain, the numbers involved are small in relative terms. In contrast, the enactment of freedom of movement provisions has not contributed to a noticeable increase in the outflow of workers from the poorer to the richer member States."
{"title":"Europe without internal frontiers and international migration.","authors":"B Hovy, H Zlotnik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This paper documents the process by which the freedom of movement of workers has been established in the European Community and uses data on migrant flows and stocks to assess whether such freedom of movement has had a significant effect in increasing intra-Community migration. Although the evidence suggests that the presence of Community workers increased in newly admitted Community member States, such as the United Kingdom during the 1970s and, more recently, Greece, Portugal and Spain, the numbers involved are small in relative terms. In contrast, the enactment of freedom of movement provisions has not contributed to a noticeable increase in the outflow of workers from the poorer to the richer member States.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 36","pages":"19-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latin American and Caribbean regional conference on population and development. Latin American and Caribbean Consensus on Population and Development.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 37-38","pages":"86-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Third African Population Conference. Dakar / Ngor Declaration on Population, Family and Sustainable Development.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 37-38","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This article assesses the effects of migration on development, emphasizing the shift from a national to an international perspective. The issue of migration, trade and international cooperation is considered next. The last section of the article is devoted to policy with reference to development cooperation as an alternative to migration."
{"title":"International migration and development.","authors":"G P Tapinos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"This article assesses the effects of migration on development, emphasizing the shift from a national to an international perspective. The issue of migration, trade and international cooperation is considered next. The last section of the article is devoted to policy with reference to development cooperation as an alternative to migration.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 36","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22039475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
5068 maternity histories were recorded among women aged 15-89 years in a rural area of Senegal. The quality of the estimates of fertility, child mortality, and perinatal mortality was analyzed for consistency. There was no evidence of any major underreporting of births, deaths, or still births according to age, even among the oldest women. Estimates were compared with comparable values derived from a longitudinal demographic surveillance system (DSS) in the same area. The age patterns of cumulated fertility and mortality derived from the maternity histories were consistent with those of the DSS. Differences in the levels of fertility and mortality with respect to the longitudinal records could be explained by small differences within the selected villages, by selection biases, and by recent trends in demographic parameters. Values of perinatal mortality were also equivalent to those recorded by the DSS. Women did not seem to forget their births to an extent large enough to produce strong biases, even at older ages. However, an analysis of differences by field workers revealed that some 2% of the births and 4% of the deaths may have been omitted, which gives an idea of the potential accuracy of maternity histories for the estimation of fertility and mortality levels.
{"title":"Do women forget their births? A study of maternity histories in a rural area of Senegal (Niakhar).","authors":"M Garenne","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>5068 maternity histories were recorded among women aged 15-89 years in a rural area of Senegal. The quality of the estimates of fertility, child mortality, and perinatal mortality was analyzed for consistency. There was no evidence of any major underreporting of births, deaths, or still births according to age, even among the oldest women. Estimates were compared with comparable values derived from a longitudinal demographic surveillance system (DSS) in the same area. The age patterns of cumulated fertility and mortality derived from the maternity histories were consistent with those of the DSS. Differences in the levels of fertility and mortality with respect to the longitudinal records could be explained by small differences within the selected villages, by selection biases, and by recent trends in demographic parameters. Values of perinatal mortality were also equivalent to those recorded by the DSS. Women did not seem to forget their births to an extent large enough to produce strong biases, even at older ages. However, an analysis of differences by field workers revealed that some 2% of the births and 4% of the deaths may have been omitted, which gives an idea of the potential accuracy of maternity histories for the estimation of fertility and mortality levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 36","pages":"43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22038343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent trends in contraceptive use.","authors":"M B Weinberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85307,"journal":{"name":"Population bulletin of the United Nations","volume":" 36","pages":"55-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22038344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：