Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1017/s0959259811000190
Rafael Samper-Ternent, Soham Al Snih
Obesity is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence and incidence in both developed and developing countries. In older adults, excess weight is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, several important cancers, and numerous other medical conditions. Obesity has been also associated with increased functional limitations, disability, and poorer quality of life. Additionally, obesity has been independently associated with all-cause mortality. The obesity epidemic has important social and economic implications, representing an important source of increased public health care costs. The aim of this review is to report the epidemiology of obesity world-wide and the implications of obesity on disability and chronic diseases.
{"title":"Obesity in Older Adults: Epidemiology and Implications for Disability and Disease.","authors":"Rafael Samper-Ternent, Soham Al Snih","doi":"10.1017/s0959259811000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959259811000190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence and incidence in both developed and developing countries. In older adults, excess weight is associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, several important cancers, and numerous other medical conditions. Obesity has been also associated with increased functional limitations, disability, and poorer quality of life. Additionally, obesity has been independently associated with all-cause mortality. The obesity epidemic has important social and economic implications, representing an important source of increased public health care costs. The aim of this review is to report the epidemiology of obesity world-wide and the implications of obesity on disability and chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"22 1","pages":"10-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0959259811000190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30468900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000177
H. Sidhu, P. Crome, I. Crome
{"title":"Psychosocial factors in older heroin-dependent patients in treatment","authors":"H. Sidhu, P. Crome, I. Crome","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"22 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000189
R. J. Hancock
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the two most common types of degenerative dementia. It has been questioned whether they are totally separate conditions, or whether they are in fact both part of a spectrum of a more general neurodegenerative disease. Fluctuating cognition and parkinsonism are key features of DLB, but atypical in AD which is characterized by progressive amnesia, aphasia, agnosia and apraxia. Neuropsychiatric disturbances also seem to be more common in DLB. The main neuropathological features of DLB are Lewy bodies, and in AD are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, though some overlap has been found. A key finding of neuroimaging studies is that there is relative preservation of brain volume in DLB patients compared with AD patients, particularly of temporal lobe structures. There are also profound reductions in striatal dopamine transport in DLB, demonstrated by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging. Whilst there are some distinct differences between AD and DLB, further research is needed to greater define the distinctions between these two conditions.
{"title":"Clinical, neuropathological and neuroimaging features of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies","authors":"R. J. Hancock","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000189","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are the two most common types of degenerative dementia. It has been questioned whether they are totally separate conditions, or whether they are in fact both part of a spectrum of a more general neurodegenerative disease. Fluctuating cognition and parkinsonism are key features of DLB, but atypical in AD which is characterized by progressive amnesia, aphasia, agnosia and apraxia. Neuropsychiatric disturbances also seem to be more common in DLB. The main neuropathological features of DLB are Lewy bodies, and in AD are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, though some overlap has been found. A key finding of neuroimaging studies is that there is relative preservation of brain volume in DLB patients compared with AD patients, particularly of temporal lobe structures. There are also profound reductions in striatal dopamine transport in DLB, demonstrated by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging. Whilst there are some distinct differences between AD and DLB, further research is needed to greater define the distinctions between these two conditions.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000219
Yu Chen, A. Hicks, A. While
Summary China has an increasing ageing population. Depression, as one of the most common problems in older people, is a concern that merits attention. This paper reviewed published studies of the prevalence of depression and its related factors in older people in China. Seventeen papers were identified by searching the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, China Academic Journal and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Whilst prevalence varied across studies, health status, social support, financial status, living arrangements and some demographic factors were consistently related to older people’s depression. Further well-designed studies are needed to explore depression in older people in China to identify more culture-specific contributors to maximize
中国人口老龄化日益严重。抑郁症作为老年人最常见的问题之一，是一个值得关注的问题。本文综述了已发表的有关中国老年人抑郁症患病率及其相关因素的研究。检索Web of Science、PsycINFO、MEDLINE、PubMed、CINAHL、China Academic Journal和VIP中文科技期刊数据库，共收录17篇论文。虽然各研究的患病率各不相同，但健康状况、社会支持、经济状况、生活安排和一些人口因素始终与老年人的抑郁症有关。需要进一步精心设计的研究来探索中国老年人的抑郁症，以确定更多的文化特异性因素，以最大限度地发挥作用
{"title":"Depression and related factors in older people in China: a systematic review","authors":"Yu Chen, A. Hicks, A. While","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000219","url":null,"abstract":"Summary China has an increasing ageing population. Depression, as one of the most common problems in older people, is a concern that merits attention. This paper reviewed published studies of the prevalence of depression and its related factors in older people in China. Seventeen papers were identified by searching the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, China Academic Journal and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Whilst prevalence varied across studies, health status, social support, financial status, living arrangements and some demographic factors were consistently related to older people’s depression. Further well-designed studies are needed to explore depression in older people in China to identify more culture-specific contributors to maximize","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"22 1","pages":"52-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000098
W. Vernon, A. Borthwick, Jeremy Walker
The scale of foot problems in the population is high, and highest in older people. Whilst podiatry is solely concerned with the foot, other professions with a broader remit are also involved in foot care, as not only the foot may be at risk but also there may be serious systemic sequelae. Foot problems can be usefully viewed from a functional, hierarchical perspective. The interventions required are suggested by considering problems according to this hierarchy. Many approaches exist for the management of foot conditions from educated self-care to surgery. In managing such conditions, multi-disciplinary approaches are required. Podiatry has developed considerably over the years, has a growing research base, an extensive scope of practice and anticipated developments. The profession can develop further, particularly in its preventative role, in terms of professional autonomy and in further increasing its evidence base.
{"title":"The management of foot problems in the older person through podiatry services","authors":"W. Vernon, A. Borthwick, Jeremy Walker","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000098","url":null,"abstract":"The scale of foot problems in the population is high, and highest in older people. Whilst podiatry is solely concerned with the foot, other professions with a broader remit are also involved in foot care, as not only the foot may be at risk but also there may be serious systemic sequelae. Foot problems can be usefully viewed from a functional, hierarchical perspective. The interventions required are suggested by considering problems according to this hierarchy. Many approaches exist for the management of foot conditions from educated self-care to surgery. In managing such conditions, multi-disciplinary approaches are required. Podiatry has developed considerably over the years, has a growing research base, an extensive scope of practice and anticipated developments. The profession can develop further, particularly in its preventative role, in terms of professional autonomy and in further increasing its evidence base.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"21 1","pages":"331-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000116
A. Baker, P. Sanderson
{"title":"Spinal surgery in older people: indications, techniques and outcomes","authors":"A. Baker, P. Sanderson","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"21 1","pages":"277-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000086
H. Thomas, M. Cunnington, J. McComb
The vast majority of cardiac pacemakers are implanted in older people. Pacing is a safe and effective treatment for patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. This review provides a clinician's guide to the essential aspects of modern pacemaker therapy in older patients, including aetiology and epidemiology of bradycardia. We discuss some barriers to access to pacing. We review indications for pacemakers, and describe pacing system function, including the different types of pacemakers used. We also review clinical outcomes following pacing, follow-up requirements and problems encountered in clinical practice. Finally, we discuss ethical and end of life considerations with these devices.
{"title":"Pacing in older people","authors":"H. Thomas, M. Cunnington, J. McComb","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000086","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of cardiac pacemakers are implanted in older people. Pacing is a safe and effective treatment for patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. This review provides a clinician's guide to the essential aspects of modern pacemaker therapy in older patients, including aetiology and epidemiology of bradycardia. We discuss some barriers to access to pacing. We review indications for pacemakers, and describe pacing system function, including the different types of pacemakers used. We also review clinical outcomes following pacing, follow-up requirements and problems encountered in clinical practice. Finally, we discuss ethical and end of life considerations with these devices.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"21 1","pages":"312-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57026935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000128
C. Hankey, W. Leslie
{"title":"Nutritional issues and potential interventions in older people","authors":"C. Hankey, W. Leslie","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"646 1","pages":"286-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000104
S. Wallis, G. Campbell
The prevalence of falls and associated injuries increases with age and dependency. The highest occurs among individuals living in long-term care institutions. Preventing falls results in reduced physical and psychological morbidity as well as having cost-saving implications. This review explores both uni- and multifactorial approaches to reducing fall rates and risk in individuals in long-term care, as well as highlighting the differences in this group from community-dwelling individuals.
{"title":"Preventing falls and fractures in long-term care","authors":"S. Wallis, G. Campbell","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000104","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of falls and associated injuries increases with age and dependency. The highest occurs among individuals living in long-term care institutions. Preventing falls results in reduced physical and psychological morbidity as well as having cost-saving implications. This review explores both uni- and multifactorial approaches to reducing fall rates and risk in individuals in long-term care, as well as highlighting the differences in this group from community-dwelling individuals.","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"21 1","pages":"346-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.1017/S0959259811000153
Y. Miedany, M. Toth
{"title":"Self-reported outcome measures in the health of older people: from research to standard clinical practice","authors":"Y. Miedany, M. Toth","doi":"10.1017/S0959259811000153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259811000153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85413,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in clinical gerontology","volume":"21 1","pages":"361-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0959259811000153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57027509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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