Arkhiv patologii最新文献

Donat Semenovich Sarkisov was born in Moscow on September 5, 1924. In the summer of 1942 D.S. Sarkisov was drafted into the army and sent to the Naval Medical Academy (VMMA), from which he graduated in 1947. Thus began his path in medicine, which lasted about 60 years.

New coronavirus infection is registered less frequently in children than in adults. Among all patients with COVID-19, the share of children is 8.6%. Clinical practice shows that in children, COVID-19 can be severe and even fatal. Articles have been published reflecting the clinical manifestations of Long Covid in children, while data on pathomorphological examination of the lungs during long-term COVID-19 in children are not available in the literature. On the basis of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with a course of Forensic Medicine and the Pathological-Anatomical Department of the Clinic of St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, an analysis of medical documentation was carried out, autopsy materials were selected from 3 observations of the death of children from COVID-19. The selection criterion was the duration of the disease. A histological examination using standard methods and IHC analysis using antibodies to the nucleocapsid of SARS-Cov-2, CD95, CD31 were carried out on the lung tissue of 3 children aged 2 months to 2 years who died from a new coronavirus infection. Microscopically, all three patients showed microvessels damage, their thrombosis, angiogenesis, as well as signs of diffuse alveolar damage The combination of expression of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and the apoptosis marker on the vascular endothelium of the MCR is of interest.

Conclusion: The data obtained indicate infection with coronavirus and death of endothelial cells due to apoptosis. Endothelial damage in the microvessels of the lungs is the initiating factor in the development of capillary-alveolar block, tissue hypoxia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, leading in some cases to respiratory/multiple organ failure and death.

Vasoproliferative retinal tumor (VPT) is a term proposed by ophthalmologists in relation to the totality of manifestations of an intraocular volumetric process with involvement of the inner lining of the eye, an integral part of which is the active growth of blood vessels. The available literature data on the morphology of this process are very contradictory and ambiguous. The article presents two clinical cases of vasoproliferative retinal tumor with own illustration of morphological studies.

Ippolit Vasilyevich Davydovsky was born in 1887 in Danilov, Yaroslavl province, into the family of a clergyman. He received his primary education in a parochial church school. After I.V. Davydovsky's family moved to Yaroslavl, he continued his education in a men's gymnasium. Having successfully graduated from the gymnasium, I.V. Davydovsky in 1905 entered the medical faculty of Moscow State University, where he studied and was influenced by Acad. A.I. Abrikosov formed his first scientific interests. After graduating from the university in 1910, I.V. Davydovsky worked as a sanitary doctor and then as a zemstvo doctor. In 1912. I.V. Davydovsky received the title of Doctor of Medicine and a year later became a prozektor of the Yauza Hospital, which today bears his name. At this time, under the influence of Prof. M.N. Nikiforov, I.V. Davydovsky began to be interested in infectious pathology, which was later reflected in a number of his scientific works on typhus, paratyphus, dysentery and other infectious diseases.

Objective: An evaluation of podocyte's molecular phenotype alterations in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (pFSGS) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN).

Material and methods: The exploratory study included 14 cases of morphologically confirmed pFSGS, 14 cases of IgAN, and 12 negative controls. The negative controls comprised samples of the unaltered renal cortex obtained during laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with malignant neoplasms of the kidney and bladder and without proteinuria. A quantitative immunomorphological study of Wilms tumour protein (WT1) expression and mesenchymal markers of podocytes (desmin and vimentin) was conducted on all kidney samples. The co-expression of the aforementioned molecules was analysed using confocal microscopy.

Results: Cases of pFSGS exhibited nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria of 9.3 (3.1-14) g/24 and typical glomerular alterations in light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis. In the IgAN group, proteinuria was less severe (1.2 (0.7-1.6) g/24). The estimated glomerular filtration rate in pFSGS and IgAN was similar (pFSGS: 85 (53-103) ml/min/1.72 m², IgAN: 76 (52-87) ml/min/1.72 m²; p=0.40). In both pFSGS and IgAN, there was a reduction in WT1 expression in podocytes and an increase in vimentin expression when compared to negative controls. Compared to IgAN and controls, pFSGS exhibited a lower prevalence of glomerular WT1 expression and higher expression of desmin, which was predominantly localised in WT1-negative glomerular areas in confocal microscopy. In pFSGS, decreased nuclear expression of WT1 and increased expression of desmin were observed in the parietal epithelium of the glomerular capsule.

Conclusion: Bidirectional alterations in the glomerular expression of WT1 and intermediate filament proteins are apparent in pFSGS and IgAN. These findings are suggestive for the genomic reprogramming of podocytes and the parietal epithelium of the glomerulus as part of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, determining the structural and functional disorders of these cells, more prominent in pFSGS.

The functional state of the placenta and extraplacental membranes, determined by their morphological characteristics, is of key importance in the implementation of both physiological and complicated pregnancy. Of great practical value for the diagnosis of congenital infections is the morphological study of the placenta, extraplacental membranes and umbilical cord, which allows optimizing the supervision of newborns and preventing the development of severe perinatal complications. This article presents methodological approaches to the morphological study of the placenta, extraplacental membranes and umbilical cord in infectious pathologies of both bacterial (ascending intraamniotic infection) etiology and viral placentitis caused by parvovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, respiratory syncytial virus, viruses of the Herpesviridae family - herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus and Epstein - Barr virus) and SARS-CoV-2 with a description of the morphological features of typical changes and immunohistochemical verification of their etiology.

ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare T-cell lymphoma with ALK gene rearrangement that develops in children and young adults. The disease almost always affects the lymph nodes, and extranodal areas are also frequently involved. This article describes two cases of atypical localization of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with involvement of the paranasal sinuses.

A literature search was conducted to review papers on the results of studies of clear cell renal cancer (CCRC) vascularization. Numerous data on the relationship between tumor pathogenesis and its vascularization have been revealed, which indicates the multifactorial nature of CCRC development and the significant role of angiogenesis in this process. It should be taken into account that patients with CCRC may have impaired vessel formation even before tumor development. To evaluate normal and pathologic angiogenesis, a pathohistologic study using immunohistochemistry is certainly necessary. Due to the significant role of angiogenesis in the development and course of CCRC, the use of drugs that suppress the formation of the vascular network in the tumor is relevant and advisable. To date, many drugs have been developed and introduced into clinical practice to inhibit angiogenesis. However, such drugs have not lived up to the expectations placed due to the frequent and rapidly developing drug resistance. Timely detection of pre-tumor and tumor processes, as well as effective treatment of cancer, including CCRC, is possible only with close cooperation between pathomorphologists and oncologists.

Alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disease characterized by the accumulation of protein-lipid complexes in the alveoli due to impaired surfactant utilization by alveolar macrophages. The frequency is from 2 to 4 cases per 1 million adult population. We present an observation of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a patient with a history of coronavirus pneumonia.

Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov is a Russian physiologist, a natural scientist, and the creator of the Russian physiological school. The classic work «Reflexes of the Brain», published in 1863, became revolutionary in its own way for medicine and society, since the reflex nature of conscious and unconscious activity was proved. Along with numerous well-known scientific works, there is an early student publication in the Moscow Medical Journal published by A. I. Polunin. It describes the medical history of a patient with a tumor who was unsuccessfully treated for a long time in accordance with the humoral theory of pathology. This publication makes it possible to understand why I. M. Sechenov became disillusioned with practical medicine, but found his vocation in the study of physiology. The article is devoted to the 195th anniversary of the birth of I. M. Sechenov.