Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.87.4082.1
Esmaeel Kalantari, M. Zarei, Fatemeh Abdolahi
Introduction:The purpose of this research is to study the lifestyle damage of students during the Corona Pandemic. Methods: The current research is a qualitative type of research study. Its participants were 13 managers and officials, experts, experts and prominent professors in the field of both Corona virus Epidemiology and students' lifestyles, who were selected by purposeful sampling. The tool of data collection was an interview, which continued until reaching theoretical saturation as regards the research topic. For data analysis, the method of database theory has been used. Findings: The damage to students' lifestyles during the Corona Pandemic was identified categorized into six categories, including academic performance decline, reduction of interpersonal relationships (social relationships), problematic use of the Internet, nutrition and exercise, mental health, and livelihood. Discussion: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the spread of the Corona virus has caused adverse effects in various aspects of students' lifestyles. Therefore, prevention and management of adverse effects is vitally important. Also, it is necessary to pay special attention to students in psychological interventions and other types of interventions, and special programs are necessary to reduce their problems.
{"title":"Negative Consequences Affecting the Lifestyle of Students During Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Esmaeel Kalantari, M. Zarei, Fatemeh Abdolahi","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.87.4082.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.87.4082.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:The purpose of this research is to study the lifestyle damage of students during the Corona Pandemic. Methods: The current research is a qualitative type of research study. Its participants were 13 managers and officials, experts, experts and prominent professors in the field of both Corona virus Epidemiology and students' lifestyles, who were selected by purposeful sampling. The tool of data collection was an interview, which continued until reaching theoretical saturation as regards the research topic. For data analysis, the method of database theory has been used. Findings: The damage to students' lifestyles during the Corona Pandemic was identified categorized into six categories, including academic performance decline, reduction of interpersonal relationships (social relationships), problematic use of the Internet, nutrition and exercise, mental health, and livelihood. Discussion: Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the spread of the Corona virus has caused adverse effects in various aspects of students' lifestyles. Therefore, prevention and management of adverse effects is vitally important. Also, it is necessary to pay special attention to students in psychological interventions and other types of interventions, and special programs are necessary to reduce their problems.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.87.4008.1
Mina SaberMahani, Reza Zeinalzadeh, Seyd Abdolmajid Jalaee Esfanadadi, M. Zayanderoody
The vector auto regression model was used to investigate the effect of real sector shocks on the social welfare in Iran during the period of 1980-2019.The results of the impulse response test showed that the Amartya Sen welfare index showed a rapid response to the shocks of total factor productivity growth in the first period, which had a zero effect over time. The utility-oriented welfare index reacts positively to the shocks of total factor productivity growth in the first period, which has decreased from the second period and has become negative even from the fifth period. Amartya Sen Welfare Index and utility-oriented welfare index shows a positive and rapid response to real GDP per capita shocks in the first period, which is adjusted over time, and from the seventh period. The Amartyasen Welfare Index reacts negatively to oil revenue shocks and is very weak. If the utility-oriented welfare index shows a positive response in the first period, but in the following periods, its effect is adjusted and remains partially positive. Amartya Sen welfare index shows a leap and positive response to employment shocks from the first period and its trend continues and from the fifth period it continues in a positive and stable manner and the utility welfare index has a similar trend to Amartya Sen welfare index. Discussion: In the Iranian economy, employment leads to increased social welfare, while in the long run, oil revenues, GDP per capita and growth in total factor productivity have led to a decrease in social welfare. Therefore, in the Iranian economy, creating employment and reducing unemployment is the most appropriate factor to increase welfare.
{"title":"Investigating the Shocks of Real Sectors of the Economy on the Welfare Index in the Iranian Economy","authors":"Mina SaberMahani, Reza Zeinalzadeh, Seyd Abdolmajid Jalaee Esfanadadi, M. Zayanderoody","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.87.4008.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.87.4008.1","url":null,"abstract":"The vector auto regression model was used to investigate the effect of real sector shocks on the social welfare in Iran during the period of 1980-2019.The results of the impulse response test showed that the Amartya Sen welfare index showed a rapid response to the shocks of total factor productivity growth in the first period, which had a zero effect over time. The utility-oriented welfare index reacts positively to the shocks of total factor productivity growth in the first period, which has decreased from the second period and has become negative even from the fifth period. Amartya Sen Welfare Index and utility-oriented welfare index shows a positive and rapid response to real GDP per capita shocks in the first period, which is adjusted over time, and from the seventh period. The Amartyasen Welfare Index reacts negatively to oil revenue shocks and is very weak. If the utility-oriented welfare index shows a positive response in the first period, but in the following periods, its effect is adjusted and remains partially positive. Amartya Sen welfare index shows a leap and positive response to employment shocks from the first period and its trend continues and from the fifth period it continues in a positive and stable manner and the utility welfare index has a similar trend to Amartya Sen welfare index. Discussion: In the Iranian economy, employment leads to increased social welfare, while in the long run, oil revenues, GDP per capita and growth in total factor productivity have led to a decrease in social welfare. Therefore, in the Iranian economy, creating employment and reducing unemployment is the most appropriate factor to increase welfare.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46838711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.3745.1
Mohammad Dehghan, Seyed Nematolla Mousavi, Ibrahim Zare, Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
Introduction: Poverty is an undesirable socio-economic phenomenon that endangers the political stability, social solidarity, and mental health of the different sections of society. The literature on poverty in recent years has not been limited to income poverty, but also to other aspects such as health, education, and living standards. By identifying patterns of poverty, instead of prejudging the suitable economic and social policies to combat poverty, we can explain the appropriate and effective policy on poverty at the community level in accordance with the nature of these patterns. Method: In the present study, with a multidimensional approach to poverty (including educational poverty, housing poverty, food poverty, health, and income poverty), the vulnerability of government-supported households in Iran were investigated. For this purpose, the expenditure information of government-supported households in 2017 was the basis of the study. Findings: The results showed that nearly 47% of the households surveyed are below the food poverty line. In terms of depth and quality of dominance of different dimensions of poverty among the studied households, housing poverty has the largest poverty gap, followed by education poverty with a poverty gap of nearly 40%. In summary, the poverty gap in income and health dimensions in this study is very low compared to the mentioned dimensions. In general, it was found that government-sponsored households, in addition to income poverty, also suffer from poor health, housing, education, and food poverty. Discussion: Based on the findings, it is suggested that policy makers adopt and formulate policy-support tools in which the various dimensions of poverty are considered in the form of a comprehensive system.
{"title":"Evaluating Poverty Indicators among Government-Supported Households: A Multidimensional Approach","authors":"Mohammad Dehghan, Seyed Nematolla Mousavi, Ibrahim Zare, Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.3745.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.3745.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Poverty is an undesirable socio-economic phenomenon that endangers the political stability, social solidarity, and mental health of the different sections of society. The literature on poverty in recent years has not been limited to income poverty, but also to other aspects such as health, education, and living standards. By identifying patterns of poverty, instead of prejudging the suitable economic and social policies to combat poverty, we can explain the appropriate and effective policy on poverty at the community level in accordance with the nature of these patterns. Method: In the present study, with a multidimensional approach to poverty (including educational poverty, housing poverty, food poverty, health, and income poverty), the vulnerability of government-supported households in Iran were investigated. For this purpose, the expenditure information of government-supported households in 2017 was the basis of the study. Findings: The results showed that nearly 47% of the households surveyed are below the food poverty line. In terms of depth and quality of dominance of different dimensions of poverty among the studied households, housing poverty has the largest poverty gap, followed by education poverty with a poverty gap of nearly 40%. In summary, the poverty gap in income and health dimensions in this study is very low compared to the mentioned dimensions. In general, it was found that government-sponsored households, in addition to income poverty, also suffer from poor health, housing, education, and food poverty. Discussion: Based on the findings, it is suggested that policy makers adopt and formulate policy-support tools in which the various dimensions of poverty are considered in the form of a comprehensive system.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45669422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.3211.1
A. Zolfaghari, Taha Ashayeri
Introduction: Citizenship rights refers to a set of rules governing society in relation to politics, institutions, governments, and civil society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the awareness of citizenship rights using meta-analysis. Method: The mechanism of conducting the research is meta-analysis-quantitative. The purpose of this method is to integrate, systematically review and standardize studies conducted in a specific field of research. The statistical population (materials) of this research comprises 32 research studies conducted in the years 1383-1400, of which 28 samples of research documents were found to be in accordance with the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, validity of research, and survey). Finding: The results show that between political factors (political participation, political orientation, political awareness, and political trust), cultural (social awareness of rights, citizenship rights education, media consumption, and cultural capital), social (social trust, social participation, and social cohesion) and contextual variables (level of education, age, and socio-economic status) were found to have a significant relationship with the level of awareness of citizenship rights. Discussions: Increasing the level of people’s participation in the political and social spheres provides the basis for expanding the political awareness of citizens. Strengthening citizens’ political trust in the political system would lead to the development of citizenship rights. Education of citizenship rights provides the basis for increasing political-social awareness.
{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Awareness of Citizenship Rights among Iranians","authors":"A. Zolfaghari, Taha Ashayeri","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.3211.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.3211.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Citizenship rights refers to a set of rules governing society in relation to politics, institutions, governments, and civil society. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the awareness of citizenship rights using meta-analysis. Method: The mechanism of conducting the research is meta-analysis-quantitative. The purpose of this method is to integrate, systematically review and standardize studies conducted in a specific field of research. The statistical population (materials) of this research comprises 32 research studies conducted in the years 1383-1400, of which 28 samples of research documents were found to be in accordance with the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, validity of research, and survey). Finding: The results show that between political factors (political participation, political orientation, political awareness, and political trust), cultural (social awareness of rights, citizenship rights education, media consumption, and cultural capital), social (social trust, social participation, and social cohesion) and contextual variables (level of education, age, and socio-economic status) were found to have a significant relationship with the level of awareness of citizenship rights. Discussions: Increasing the level of people’s participation in the political and social spheres provides the basis for expanding the political awareness of citizens. Strengthening citizens’ political trust in the political system would lead to the development of citizenship rights. Education of citizenship rights provides the basis for increasing political-social awareness.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44166346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.4055.1
Sahdolah Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Mehdi Shariat Bagheri, L. Zoghi
Introduction: Considering the importance of driving and the resulting injuries, we can point to the relationship between human characteristics and driving behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a structural model of driving behaviors on the basis of aggression mediated by emotion regulation. Method: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes 917 drivers from Tehran, West Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan provinces who were selected and evaluated by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were Manchester (1990) driving behavior questionnaire, aggression 30 factors (1379) and Grass and John’s (1998) emotion regulation. Findings: The results of the analysis structural equation showed that the measurement models of the studied variables and the final model of the research had a good fit. Aggression also had a direct effect on driving behavior of drivers. The emotion regulation variable was able to mediate between aggression and driving behavior. Discussion: the structure of emotion regulation can be used to explain the relationship between aggression and driving behaviors. It is suggested that in order to improve the driving situation and reduce the number of accidents, the criteria and rules for obtaining a driver’s license should be reviewed in accordance with the topics of aggression and emotional behaviors. Accordingly, ounseling and training programs should be developed and introduced to Drivers.
导言:考虑到驾驶的重要性和由此造成的伤害，我们可以指出人类特征和驾驶行为之间的关系。因此，本研究的目的是建立一个基于情绪调节介导的攻击性驱动行为的结构模型。方法:本研究在目的上采用描述性相关法，在数据收集上采用定量方法。本研究的统计人口包括917名来自德黑兰、西阿塞拜疆和库尔德斯坦省的司机，他们采用整群抽样方法进行选择和评估。数据收集工具为Manchester(1990)驾驶行为问卷、攻击性因子(1379)和Grass and John(1998)情绪调节。结果:分析结构方程的结果表明，研究变量的测量模型与研究的最终模型具有很好的拟合性。攻击性对驾驶员的驾驶行为也有直接影响。情绪调节变量在攻击行为和驾驶行为之间具有中介作用。讨论:情绪调节结构可以用来解释攻击与驾驶行为之间的关系。为了改善驾驶状况，减少事故发生，建议根据攻击行为和情绪行为的主题，重新审查驾驶执照的标准和规则。因此，应制定并向司机介绍咨询和培训计划。
{"title":"Developing a Structural Model of Driving Behaviors Based on Aggression Mediated by Emotion Regulation","authors":"Sahdolah Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Mehdi Shariat Bagheri, L. Zoghi","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.4055.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.4055.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Considering the importance of driving and the resulting injuries, we can point to the relationship between human characteristics and driving behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a structural model of driving behaviors on the basis of aggression mediated by emotion regulation. Method: This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of quantitative methods of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes 917 drivers from Tehran, West Azerbaijan, and Kurdistan provinces who were selected and evaluated by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were Manchester (1990) driving behavior questionnaire, aggression 30 factors (1379) and Grass and John’s (1998) emotion regulation. Findings: The results of the analysis structural equation showed that the measurement models of the studied variables and the final model of the research had a good fit. Aggression also had a direct effect on driving behavior of drivers. The emotion regulation variable was able to mediate between aggression and driving behavior. Discussion: the structure of emotion regulation can be used to explain the relationship between aggression and driving behaviors. It is suggested that in order to improve the driving situation and reduce the number of accidents, the criteria and rules for obtaining a driver’s license should be reviewed in accordance with the topics of aggression and emotional behaviors. Accordingly, ounseling and training programs should be developed and introduced to Drivers.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42888090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.2752.6
Sara Moeini jazani, Mohamad mehdi Labibi, R. Mohseni
Introduction: In recent years, we have seen differences between women’s values and their actions. Some women have actions according to their values and others express actions completely different from their values. Women’s values are influenced by various factors that are mentioned in this article, and Robert Merton’s theory of pressure has been used to identify women’s actions and in general, and women’s actions in three districts of Tehran were compared. Method: This research is quantitative, it and has been done with a survey technique and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes women living in three areas of Tehran in the north, center and south of the city. The statistical sample includes 390 people out of which 130 people were selected by random sampling. Findings: Factors of fear and anxiety, gender discrimination, social rejection, attachment to the family and the weakness of religious beliefs and the decline of moral values affect the actions of women. Besides, these factors have led to the formation of four types of women’s actions: concordant actions, innovative actions, formative actions, and anomic actions. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between value variables and types of women’s actions. Discussion: The results of the test of research hypotheses show that in some cases there are similarities and differences between the values and actions of women in the three districts of Tehran. In fact, the actions of women under the influence of their values can manifest as one of these four forms. In the affluent region of Tehran, most of the actions were morphological and anomic, while in the central region of Tehran, the actions were innovative and formative in nature, and in the southern region of Tehran, the actions were consonantal and innovative in nature. Some differences were found in the four actions in all areas, and this reflects a change in women’s values.
{"title":"Sociological Explanation of Women’s Values and Actions in Districts Three, Seven and Nineteen of Tehran","authors":"Sara Moeini jazani, Mohamad mehdi Labibi, R. Mohseni","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.2752.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.2752.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In recent years, we have seen differences between women’s values and their actions. Some women have actions according to their values and others express actions completely different from their values. Women’s values are influenced by various factors that are mentioned in this article, and Robert Merton’s theory of pressure has been used to identify women’s actions and in general, and women’s actions in three districts of Tehran were compared. Method: This research is quantitative, it and has been done with a survey technique and a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes women living in three areas of Tehran in the north, center and south of the city. The statistical sample includes 390 people out of which 130 people were selected by random sampling. Findings: Factors of fear and anxiety, gender discrimination, social rejection, attachment to the family and the weakness of religious beliefs and the decline of moral values affect the actions of women. Besides, these factors have led to the formation of four types of women’s actions: concordant actions, innovative actions, formative actions, and anomic actions. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between value variables and types of women’s actions. Discussion: The results of the test of research hypotheses show that in some cases there are similarities and differences between the values and actions of women in the three districts of Tehran. In fact, the actions of women under the influence of their values can manifest as one of these four forms. In the affluent region of Tehran, most of the actions were morphological and anomic, while in the central region of Tehran, the actions were innovative and formative in nature, and in the southern region of Tehran, the actions were consonantal and innovative in nature. Some differences were found in the four actions in all areas, and this reflects a change in women’s values.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42389049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.3566.1
Babak Elsan, Hossein Sadeghoghli, A. Rouhi
Introduction: Drawing on the overlap between concepts of wellbeing and motivation, based on motivonia, human motivation is derived by the wellbeing experienced in the past, present, and well-willing (desired future wellbeing). Due to the long-term procedure of learning a foreign language and the necessity of intended effort and maintaining motivated behaviour, this study investigated the effect of wellbeing and well-willing as two main motivonic factors on English language learners’ intended effort, and probed the impact of English learning wellbeing on learners’ general wellbeing. Method: The data were collected during the autumn in 2019, through a self-developed quatitative questionnaire entailing 38 Likert-type scales and some demographic items from 193 students of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr and six secondary schools in Baharestan county, who were attending private language courses as well. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests via SPSS version 26. Findings: The results revealed that the learners’ L2 engaging wellbeing (adjusted R2 = .65, p < .01) and well-willing (adjusted R2 = .34, p < .01) had positive significant effects on their willingness to devote future efforts to learn English. Moreover, the learners’ English learning wellbeing (adjusted R2 = .28, p < .01), but not well-willing, indicated significant effect on their global wellbeing. Discussion: The results, in line with motivonia, indicated that policy-makers of wellbeing and education, should consider the ultimate end of any motivational engagement in the direction of promoting wellbeing, and take necessary steps to form and improve well-willing and wellbeing-oriated education in order to enhance motivated behaviour among learners of English.
{"title":"Motivonia: Wellbeing and Well-Willing, Two Factors of English Language Learners’ Motivated Behaviour","authors":"Babak Elsan, Hossein Sadeghoghli, A. Rouhi","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.3566.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.3566.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drawing on the overlap between concepts of wellbeing and motivation, based on motivonia, human motivation is derived by the wellbeing experienced in the past, present, and well-willing (desired future wellbeing). Due to the long-term procedure of learning a foreign language and the necessity of intended effort and maintaining motivated behaviour, this study investigated the effect of wellbeing and well-willing as two main motivonic factors on English language learners’ intended effort, and probed the impact of English learning wellbeing on learners’ general wellbeing. Method: The data were collected during the autumn in 2019, through a self-developed quatitative questionnaire entailing 38 Likert-type scales and some demographic items from 193 students of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr and six secondary schools in Baharestan county, who were attending private language courses as well. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression and Pearson correlation tests via SPSS version 26. Findings: The results revealed that the learners’ L2 engaging wellbeing (adjusted R2 = .65, p < .01) and well-willing (adjusted R2 = .34, p < .01) had positive significant effects on their willingness to devote future efforts to learn English. Moreover, the learners’ English learning wellbeing (adjusted R2 = .28, p < .01), but not well-willing, indicated significant effect on their global wellbeing. Discussion: The results, in line with motivonia, indicated that policy-makers of wellbeing and education, should consider the ultimate end of any motivational engagement in the direction of promoting wellbeing, and take necessary steps to form and improve well-willing and wellbeing-oriated education in order to enhance motivated behaviour among learners of English.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48908744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.2424.2
A. Khodabakhshi, Behnaz Gholamian
Introduction: Introduction: Health is one of the main indicators of development in any country, and investing in this sector has a direct impact on the welfare of society and economic growth. The lack and insufficiency in providing health services is considered as a sign of government weakness. Therefore, it is very important to examine the performance of governments in the health sector. Method: The present research has investigated the effect of governance sub-indicators on health costs for two groups of low-income and high-income countries. To conduct this research, a balanced mixed data model was used. The total health cost was used as a dependent variable and the governance sub-indicators including six sub-indicators were used as independent variables and the human development index was used as a control variable. We used Eviews10 software to perform calculations. Findings: The findings of the research in the group of low-income countries confirmed the effect of the following governance indicators on health costs. In addition, all the coefficients of the variables in the high-income group were significant at the 90% confidence level, which means that the better the governance index, the higher the health costs appear to be. The model used in the research also had a suitable fitness. Discussion: Arguing based on the results of the research, it is recommended to the governance system of low-income countries that have weak governance to reduce political instability and reduce restrictive laws. In addition, removing trade barriers and creating a competitive environment in these countries is a key and inevitable issue.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Impact of Governance Sub-Indicators on Health Expenditures in Rich and Poor Countries","authors":"A. Khodabakhshi, Behnaz Gholamian","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.2424.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.2424.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Introduction: Health is one of the main indicators of development in any country, and investing in this sector has a direct impact on the welfare of society and economic growth. The lack and insufficiency in providing health services is considered as a sign of government weakness. Therefore, it is very important to examine the performance of governments in the health sector. Method: The present research has investigated the effect of governance sub-indicators on health costs for two groups of low-income and high-income countries. To conduct this research, a balanced mixed data model was used. The total health cost was used as a dependent variable and the governance sub-indicators including six sub-indicators were used as independent variables and the human development index was used as a control variable. We used Eviews10 software to perform calculations. Findings: The findings of the research in the group of low-income countries confirmed the effect of the following governance indicators on health costs. In addition, all the coefficients of the variables in the high-income group were significant at the 90% confidence level, which means that the better the governance index, the higher the health costs appear to be. The model used in the research also had a suitable fitness. Discussion: Arguing based on the results of the research, it is recommended to the governance system of low-income countries that have weak governance to reduce political instability and reduce restrictive laws. In addition, removing trade barriers and creating a competitive environment in these countries is a key and inevitable issue.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.3913.1
Mahsa Zanjanian, M. Mousaei, Zahra Ghasemi
Introduction: This is a sociological study of the economic burden on patients writh cardiovascular disease (CVD) based on the behavior change approach in their behavior in Javad Al-Aeme hospital of Mashhad in 2020. Method: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted on a population of 385 CVD patients of over 50 years of age admitted to the Training, Research and Treatment Center of Javad Al-Aeme hospital of Mashhad. Data were collected through a demographic profile form and a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were measured using the content validity method and the Cronbach’s alpha method, respectively. SPSS and AMOS softwares and appropriate statistical tests were used for the data analysis purpose. Findings: The results of regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship of the independent variables of the study, i.e. “socio-economic status”, “living conditions”, and “health-related capital” with patients’ behavioral style and economic status. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the collected data confirm at an acceptable level the structural model with its extraneous variables, i.e. “socio-economic status”, “living conditions” and “health-related capital”. The total effects of these three variables on behavioral style were calculated to be 0.41. In other words, 41% of the behavioral style changes among cardiovascular patients can be explained by these three variables and 59% of the unexplained variance related to exogenous variables. It was also found that the effect of the behavior change approach on economic burden was -0.49%. Discussion: Since the behavioral style change, socio-economic status, health-related capital, and living conditions significantly affect the CVD, effective steps can be taken to prevent and control this disease and reduce its costs and economic burden by modifying and changing the patients’ behavioral style.
引言：这是一项关于2020年马什哈德Javad Al Aeme医院心血管疾病（CVD）患者行为中行为变化方法的经济负担的社会学研究。方法：这是对马什哈德Javad Al Aeme医院培训、研究和治疗中心收治的385名50岁以上CVD患者进行的横断面调查。数据通过人口统计资料表和研究人员制作的问卷收集，其有效性和可靠性分别使用内容有效性方法和Cronbach’s alpha方法进行测量。数据分析采用SPSS和AMOS软件以及适当的统计学检验。研究结果：回归分析结果表明，研究的自变量，即“社会经济地位”、“生活条件”和“健康资本”，与患者的行为风格和经济地位呈正相关。结构方程建模（SEM）的结果表明，所收集的数据在可接受的水平上证实了结构模型及其外部变量，即“社会经济地位”、“生活条件”和“健康资本”。这三个变量对行为风格的总影响计算为0.41。换句话说，心血管患者41%的行为风格变化可以用这三个变量来解释，59%的无法解释的方差与外源变量有关。研究还发现，行为改变方法对经济负担的影响为-0.49%。讨论：由于行为方式的改变、社会经济地位、健康资本和生活条件显著影响CVD，可以采取有效措施来预防和控制这种疾病，并通过改变患者的行为方式来降低其成本和经济负担。
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Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.32598/refahj.22.86.3841.1
Fateh Mohammadi, Vakil Ahmadi
Introduction: One of the most significant chalanges during retirement period is the isuue of quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural, economical, and social capital on the quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud, a county in Kermanshah Province in 2020. Method: The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. 170 teachers were randomly selected as the sample of the study. Questionnaires were utilized to gather the data. The instruments used were a researcher-made questionnaire on cultural, economic, and social capital as well as the standard quality of life questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO). Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis’ comparative tests as well as multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the mean of social factor and quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud was obove the average (3.43). The mean of social variable of retired children (3.50) was more than economic (2.50) and cultural (1.40) one. Cultural varaiable was more among women than men while social and economic of men were more that that of women. The results also demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the quality of life and the variables of age and education. Finally, the regression analysis indicated that the cultural, economical, and social capital as well as the quality of life had a significant correlation with each other, and these three variables had 0.56 of prediction for quality of life and its elements. Discussion: Therefore, it can be concluded that cultural, economic and social capital are the most important capital for explaning the quality of life of the retired teachers, which should be taken into account by those in charge in this regard.
{"title":"The Effect of Cultural, Economic, and Social Capital on the Quality of Life of Retired Teachers in Jawanroud County","authors":"Fateh Mohammadi, Vakil Ahmadi","doi":"10.32598/refahj.22.86.3841.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/refahj.22.86.3841.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: One of the most significant chalanges during retirement period is the isuue of quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural, economical, and social capital on the quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud, a county in Kermanshah Province in 2020. Method: The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. 170 teachers were randomly selected as the sample of the study. Questionnaires were utilized to gather the data. The instruments used were a researcher-made questionnaire on cultural, economic, and social capital as well as the standard quality of life questionnaire of the World Health Organization (WHO). Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis’ comparative tests as well as multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the mean of social factor and quality of life of the retired teachers in Jawanroud was obove the average (3.43). The mean of social variable of retired children (3.50) was more than economic (2.50) and cultural (1.40) one. Cultural varaiable was more among women than men while social and economic of men were more that that of women. The results also demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the quality of life and the variables of age and education. Finally, the regression analysis indicated that the cultural, economical, and social capital as well as the quality of life had a significant correlation with each other, and these three variables had 0.56 of prediction for quality of life and its elements. Discussion: Therefore, it can be concluded that cultural, economic and social capital are the most important capital for explaning the quality of life of the retired teachers, which should be taken into account by those in charge in this regard.","PeriodicalId":85537,"journal":{"name":"Social welfare","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41528192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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