{"title":"Effects of Education and of Union Type on Men’s Lifetime Fertility in Two Different Societal Contexts","authors":"C. Mureșan","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"127-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74433936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Warfare in the 19th-20th Centuries and Its Effects: A Necessary Evil? (Case Study: World War I)","authors":"Ioan Bolovan, S. P. Bolovan","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"35-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89477661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting Domestic Service as a Pre-marital Labour for Women and Men in Past Europe","authors":"A. Fauve-chamoux","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"372 1","pages":"57-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80501600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Destination Selection among Romanian Migrants in Times of Crisis: an Origin Integrated Approach","authors":"D. Sandu","doi":"10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2017.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"145-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84323428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theoretical work relating economic effect of children suggests that labor market participation decreases for mothers with large number of young children and increases when children are adults. The majority of empirical studies find results consistent with this expectation, but there are some studies which fail to confirm this theoretical prediction for the developing countries. This paper used data from a household survey of rural and urban married women to test the theoretical prediction that labor market participation decreases for mothers with large number of young children and increases when children are adults. Results show that when all households are considered, children seem to have positive effects on the probability of the mother’s work participation. However, when household lifecycle and rural-urban location differences are considered, coefficients are negative (but not statistically insignificant) for urban households with large number of young children and positive (and statistically significant) for those households with more adult children; whereas for rural households, these coefficient signs are reversed. Results from the quantitative data combined with qualitative narratives suggest that large numbers of young children do not prohibit rural mothers from working.
{"title":"Do young children prohibit mothers from working? A study in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Chalachew Getahun Desta","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.V3I2.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.V3I2.208","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical work relating economic effect of children suggests that labor market participation decreases for mothers with large number of young children and increases when children are adults. The majority of empirical studies find results consistent with this expectation, but there are some studies which fail to confirm this theoretical prediction for the developing countries. This paper used data from a household survey of rural and urban married women to test the theoretical prediction that labor market participation decreases for mothers with large number of young children and increases when children are adults. Results show that when all households are considered, children seem to have positive effects on the probability of the mother’s work participation. However, when household lifecycle and rural-urban location differences are considered, coefficients are negative (but not statistically insignificant) for urban households with large number of young children and positive (and statistically significant) for those households with more adult children; whereas for rural households, these coefficient signs are reversed. Results from the quantitative data combined with qualitative narratives suggest that large numbers of young children do not prohibit rural mothers from working.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84101992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-12DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0081-0.CH013
Ibrahim Sani Kankara
The paper focuses on security efforts of local vigilante groups against the Boko Haram (BH) insurgency in Northern Nigeria. The fight against the BH insurgency is a major source of concern throughout the Nigerian Federation. The use of charms and locally fabricated small arms by the Vigilante and Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) is a factor in the fight against BH insurgents. Through data obtained from interviews, newspapers and secondary texts, this article analyses the emergence and role of vigilantes in the fight against insurgency. The groups serve as an alternative security in the areas affected by the insurgency. The groups use a variety of locally made charms in their confrontation with the BH. Furthermore, the paper attempts to evaluate role of the CJTF and Vigilante in the fight against insurgency, and the nature of traditional mechanisms use by the local groups in the fight against the BH insurgency. The paper concludes that there is likelihood for the vigilante to pose a danger to the security in the post-war (against insurgency) period.
{"title":"Impediments to Nigerian Democracy: The Ambivalent Role of Vigilante Groups in Maintaining Security in the Wake of the Boko Haram Insurgence in Northern Nigeria","authors":"Ibrahim Sani Kankara","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-0081-0.CH013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0081-0.CH013","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on security efforts of local vigilante groups against the Boko Haram (BH) insurgency in Northern Nigeria. The fight against the BH insurgency is a major source of concern throughout the Nigerian Federation. The use of charms and locally fabricated small arms by the Vigilante and Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) is a factor in the fight against BH insurgents. Through data obtained from interviews, newspapers and secondary texts, this article analyses the emergence and role of vigilantes in the fight against insurgency. The groups serve as an alternative security in the areas affected by the insurgency. The groups use a variety of locally made charms in their confrontation with the BH. Furthermore, the paper attempts to evaluate role of the CJTF and Vigilante in the fight against insurgency, and the nature of traditional mechanisms use by the local groups in the fight against the BH insurgency. The paper concludes that there is likelihood for the vigilante to pose a danger to the security in the post-war (against insurgency) period.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89816698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.001
L. C. Alves, N. Arruda
The objective of this study was to estimate life expectancy with and without a specific chronic disease among the Brazilian elderly population, by sex and socioeconomic factors, for the years 1998 and 2008. Life expectancy with and without hypertension, diabetes, bronchitis/asthma, and heart disease were calculated using the Sullivan method and prevalence estimates from data collected in the two years through the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD). Hypertension was the chronic disease with the largest effect on life expectancy. Among socioeconomic determinants, education proved more relevant than income. Having more years of education increased the average healthy time. Socioeconomic inequality negatively affected the health of women more than men. Despite the social changes in Brazil in recent decades with a reduction in inequality and poverty, the effect of socioeconomic inequality in the country on the health status of the elderly remains evident.
{"title":"Socioeconomic differentials and disease-free life expectancy of the elderly in Brazil","authors":"L. C. Alves, N. Arruda","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to estimate life expectancy with and without a specific chronic disease among the Brazilian elderly population, by sex and socioeconomic factors, for the years 1998 and 2008. Life expectancy with and without hypertension, diabetes, bronchitis/asthma, and heart disease were calculated using the Sullivan method and prevalence estimates from data collected in the two years through the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD). Hypertension was the chronic disease with the largest effect on life expectancy. Among socioeconomic determinants, education proved more relevant than income. Having more years of education increased the average healthy time. Socioeconomic inequality negatively affected the health of women more than men. Despite the social changes in Brazil in recent decades with a reduction in inequality and poverty, the effect of socioeconomic inequality in the country on the health status of the elderly remains evident.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"93 1","pages":"64-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81708492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.005
N. Yin, Frank W Heiland
Using data on disability vignettes from representative surveys in the U.S. and seven European countries, we conduct a comparative analysis of disability policies and public views on work limitations. We hypothesize that program characteristics are related to individuals’ perceptions about work limitations. Looking at how respondents across countries characterize identical disability vignettes, we find evidence that disability policy dimensions such as policy coverage, medical assessment, and vocational assessment strongly predict disability perceptions. We illustrate the results in a series of counterfactual policy simulations. Our findings have implications for policy design and delivery. The anchoring vignette approach may also be useful in a wide range of comparative policy studies.
{"title":"Disability policies and public views on work disability: A comparative analysis using anchoring vignette data","authors":"N. Yin, Frank W Heiland","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Using data on disability vignettes from representative surveys in the U.S. and seven European countries, we conduct a comparative analysis of disability policies and public views on work limitations. We hypothesize that program characteristics are related to individuals’ perceptions about work limitations. Looking at how respondents across countries characterize identical disability vignettes, we find evidence that disability policy dimensions such as policy coverage, medical assessment, and vocational assessment strongly predict disability perceptions. We illustrate the results in a series of counterfactual policy simulations. Our findings have implications for policy design and delivery. The anchoring vignette approach may also be useful in a wide range of comparative policy studies.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"42-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82380226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.008
B. Queiroz
This paper investigates the coverage of public pension programs in Latin America and discusses the relation between economic development, the existence of public pension programs, and elderly labor force participation. The paper presents stylized facts about the labor force by age and the connection between economic development and labor supply using aggregated data from 23 Latin American countries. The second part of the paper uses regression models to investigate the effects of economic development and social security system on the labor force participation of the older adults in 23 Latin American countries over the period 1990–2010. The results show that in lower income Latin American countries, most men remained in the labor force until age 65 or beyond and that with economic development and related changes, the labor force participation of older men, even those aged 55–59, starts to decline. Overall, the paper provides some insight on the evolution of labor supply patterns in less developed economies with rising income, changes in population age structure, shifts in occupational composition, and development in public pension programs.
{"title":"Public pensions, economic development, and the labor force participation of older adults in Latin America in 1990–2010","authors":"B. Queiroz","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the coverage of public pension programs in Latin America and discusses the relation between economic development, the existence of public pension programs, and elderly labor force participation. The paper presents stylized facts about the labor force by age and the connection between economic development and labor supply using aggregated data from 23 Latin American countries. The second part of the paper uses regression models to investigate the effects of economic development and social security system on the labor force participation of the older adults in 23 Latin American countries over the period 1990–2010. The results show that in lower income Latin American countries, most men remained in the labor force until age 65 or beyond and that with economic development and related changes, the labor force participation of older men, even those aged 55–59, starts to decline. Overall, the paper provides some insight on the evolution of labor supply patterns in less developed economies with rising income, changes in population age structure, shifts in occupational composition, and development in public pension programs.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"121-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77960107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.007
D. Gu, Qiushi Feng, J. Sautter, Li Qiu
We examined whether exposure to urban environments was linked with mortality in a longitudinal survey dataset of nearly 28,000 Chinese adults who were 65 years of age or older in the years 2002–2014. Urban life exposure was measured by residential status at birth, current residential status, and urban-related primary lifetime occupation, which generated eight different categories of urban life exposure: no exposure, mid-life-only exposure, late-life-only exposure, mid-late-life exposure, early-life-only exposure, early-mid-life exposure, early- & late-life exposure, and full life exposure. We also included a measure of migration, whether the respondent lived in the same county/city at birth and at first interview, to further classify these eight categories. Overall, we found that when demographics were controlled for, compared to those with no urban life exposure and no migration, mortality risk was lower for older adults with mid-late life exposure with or without migration and for older adults with full-life exposure with migration; mortality risk was higher for older adults with early-life-only exposure. Once socioeconomic status, family/social support, health behaviors, and baseline health were simultaneously controlled for, only the higher mortality risk for older adults with early-life-only exposure was still significant. Our findings provided valuable information about how urban life exposure at different life stages was associated with elderly mortality in China.
{"title":"Exposure to urban life and mortality risk among older adults in China","authors":"D. Gu, Qiushi Feng, J. Sautter, Li Qiu","doi":"10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18063/IJPS.2017.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"We examined whether exposure to urban environments was linked with mortality in a longitudinal survey dataset of nearly 28,000 Chinese adults who were 65 years of age or older in the years 2002–2014. Urban life exposure was measured by residential status at birth, current residential status, and urban-related primary lifetime occupation, which generated eight different categories of urban life exposure: no exposure, mid-life-only exposure, late-life-only exposure, mid-late-life exposure, early-life-only exposure, early-mid-life exposure, early- & late-life exposure, and full life exposure. We also included a measure of migration, whether the respondent lived in the same county/city at birth and at first interview, to further classify these eight categories. Overall, we found that when demographics were controlled for, compared to those with no urban life exposure and no migration, mortality risk was lower for older adults with mid-late life exposure with or without migration and for older adults with full-life exposure with migration; mortality risk was higher for older adults with early-life-only exposure. Once socioeconomic status, family/social support, health behaviors, and baseline health were simultaneously controlled for, only the higher mortality risk for older adults with early-life-only exposure was still significant. Our findings provided valuable information about how urban life exposure at different life stages was associated with elderly mortality in China.","PeriodicalId":85601,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of population studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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