Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00016-0
Arun Aggarwal
{"title":"Motor unit number estimation in asymptomatic familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Arun Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00016-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00016-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"163-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00016-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29191143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the relationship between the degree to which motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) decrease in association with the clinical features of patients with the infarction. Using a multiple-point stimulation technique, we obtained the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group in 13 age-matched control subjects and 30 patients with cerebral infarction. In all patients, we obtained the Japan Stroke Scale (JSS) and head MR images. In 8 patients with acute cerebral infarction, admitted within 24 h after onset, we also obtained head MR angiograms and single-photon emission CT. There was a decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group on the affected side of 24 patients with cerebral infarction and hand weakness. The decrease in the MUNE started from 4 to 30 h after the infarction, when T1-weighted MR images of the brain involved were normal. The degree to which the MUNE decreased correlated with the part of the JSS showing the upper extremity weakness. A decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group within 30 h after cerebral infarction may be due to transsynaptic inhibition of the spinal alpha motor neurons innervating this muscle.
{"title":"Reduction in the motor unit number estimate (MUNE) after cerebral infarction.","authors":"Keisuke Arasaki, Osamu Igarashi, Toru Machida, Akira Hyodo, Ryosuke Ushijima","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00019-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00019-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the relationship between the degree to which motor unit number estimates (MUNEs) decrease in association with the clinical features of patients with the infarction. Using a multiple-point stimulation technique, we obtained the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group in 13 age-matched control subjects and 30 patients with cerebral infarction. In all patients, we obtained the Japan Stroke Scale (JSS) and head MR images. In 8 patients with acute cerebral infarction, admitted within 24 h after onset, we also obtained head MR angiograms and single-photon emission CT. There was a decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group on the affected side of 24 patients with cerebral infarction and hand weakness. The decrease in the MUNE started from 4 to 30 h after the infarction, when T1-weighted MR images of the brain involved were normal. The degree to which the MUNE decreased correlated with the part of the JSS showing the upper extremity weakness. A decrease in the MUNE of the hypothenar muscle group within 30 h after cerebral infarction may be due to transsynaptic inhibition of the spinal alpha motor neurons innervating this muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"189-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00019-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29191146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1567-424X(08)00004-4
P. G. Ridall, A. Pettitt, P. Mccombe, R. Henderson
{"title":"Bayesian analysis of the stimulus-response curve.","authors":"P. G. Ridall, A. Pettitt, P. Mccombe, R. Henderson","doi":"10.1016/S1567-424X(08)00004-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-424X(08)00004-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"60 1","pages":"47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1567-424X(08)00004-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56875703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00012-3
Richard A Lewis
{"title":"Motor unit number estimation in the upper trapezius muscle.","authors":"Richard A Lewis","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00012-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00012-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"60 ","pages":"131-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(08)00012-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29191139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many years people have speculated that electroencephalographic activity or other electrophysiological measures of brain function might provide a new non-muscular channel for sending messages and commands to the external world – a brain–computer interface (BCI). Over the past 15 years, productive BCI research programs have arisen. Encouraged by new understanding of brain function, by the advent of powerful low-cost computer equipment, and by growing recognition of the needs and potentials of people with disabilities, these programs concentrate on developing new augmentative communication and control technology for those with severe neuromuscular disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury. The immediate goal is to provide these users, who may be completely paralyzed, or ‘locked in’, with basic communication capabilities so that they can express their wishes to caregivers or even operate word processing programs or neuroprostheses. Present-day BCIs determine the intent of the user from a variety of different electrophysiological signals. These signals include slow cortical potentials, P300 potentials, and mu or beta rhythms recorded from the scalp, and cortical neuronal activity recorded by implanted electrodes. They are translated in real-time into commands that operate a computer display or other device. Successful operation requires that the user encode commands in these signals and that the BCI derive the commands from the signals. Thus, the user and the BCI system need to adapt to each other both initially and continually so as to ensure stable performance. Current BCIs have maximum information transfer rates up to 10–25 bits/min. This limited capacity can be valuable for people whose severe disabilities prevent them from using conventional augmentative communication methods. At the same time, many possible applications of BCI technology, such as neuroprosthesis control, may require higher information transfer rates. Future progress will depend on: recognition that BCI research and development is an interdisciplinary problem, involving neurobiology, psychology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science; identification of those signals, whether evoked potentials, spontaneous rhythms, or neuronal firing rates, that users are best able to control independent of activity in conventional motor output pathways; development of training methods for helping users to gain and maintain that control; delineation of the best algorithms for translating these signals into device commands; attention to the identification and elimination of artifacts such as electromyographic and electro-oculographic activity; adoption of precise and objective procedures for evaluating BCI performance; recognition of the need for long-term as well as short-term assessment of BCI performance; identification of appropriate BCI applications and appropriate matching of applications and users; and attention to factors that aff
{"title":"Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for communication and control","authors":"J. Wolpaw","doi":"10.1145/1296843.1296845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1296843.1296845","url":null,"abstract":"For many years people have speculated that electroencephalographic activity or other electrophysiological measures of brain function might provide a new non-muscular channel for sending messages and commands to the external world – a brain–computer interface (BCI). Over the past 15 years, productive BCI research programs have arisen. Encouraged by new understanding of brain function, by the advent of powerful low-cost computer equipment, and by growing recognition of the needs and potentials of people with disabilities, these programs concentrate on developing new augmentative communication and control technology for those with severe neuromuscular disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury. The immediate goal is to provide these users, who may be completely paralyzed, or ‘locked in’, with basic communication capabilities so that they can express their wishes to caregivers or even operate word processing programs or neuroprostheses. Present-day BCIs determine the intent of the user from a variety of different electrophysiological signals. These signals include slow cortical potentials, P300 potentials, and mu or beta rhythms recorded from the scalp, and cortical neuronal activity recorded by implanted electrodes. They are translated in real-time into commands that operate a computer display or other device. Successful operation requires that the user encode commands in these signals and that the BCI derive the commands from the signals. Thus, the user and the BCI system need to adapt to each other both initially and continually so as to ensure stable performance. Current BCIs have maximum information transfer rates up to 10–25 bits/min. This limited capacity can be valuable for people whose severe disabilities prevent them from using conventional augmentative communication methods. At the same time, many possible applications of BCI technology, such as neuroprosthesis control, may require higher information transfer rates. Future progress will depend on: recognition that BCI research and development is an interdisciplinary problem, involving neurobiology, psychology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science; identification of those signals, whether evoked potentials, spontaneous rhythms, or neuronal firing rates, that users are best able to control independent of activity in conventional motor output pathways; development of training methods for helping users to gain and maintain that control; delineation of the best algorithms for translating these signals into device commands; attention to the identification and elimination of artifacts such as electromyographic and electro-oculographic activity; adoption of precise and objective procedures for evaluating BCI performance; recognition of the need for long-term as well as short-term assessment of BCI performance; identification of appropriate BCI applications and appropriate matching of applications and users; and attention to factors that aff","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"57 1","pages":"607-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/1296843.1296845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64089820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70029-7
Peter B Forgacs, Hans Von Gizycki, Myroslav Harhula, Matt Avitable, Ivan Selesnick, Ivan Bodis-Wollner
{"title":"The wavelet transformed EEG: a new method of trial-by-trial evaluation of saccade-related cortical activity.","authors":"Peter B Forgacs, Hans Von Gizycki, Myroslav Harhula, Matt Avitable, Ivan Selesnick, Ivan Bodis-Wollner","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70029-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70029-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"183-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70029-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26184458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70033-9
J P Mäkelä
{"title":"Comparison between preoperative and intraoperative localization of cortical function in patients with brain tumors.","authors":"J P Mäkelä","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70033-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70033-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"213-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70033-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26184462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70006-6
Yasuo Terao, Yoshikazu Ugawa
TMS can be used to study higher cerebral functions by the virtual lesion paradigm. The major advantages of this method are that it could be used to produce a lesion anywhere the researcher wants without confusing cortical reorganization, and that it helps to establish a chain of cause and effect between the activity of the brain and behavior. With elucidation of the mechanism underlying the cortical function blocking, this technique will open up new possibilities for studying higher cerebral functions. In contrast to the online method in which TMS is delivered while subjects perform a certain task, the off-line method uses repetitive TMS to achieve lasting effects even after stimulation has ceased. The application of the offline method will extend from improving cognitive functions by TMS to the treatment of neurological and psychiatric patients.
{"title":"Studying higher cerebral functions by transcranial magnetic stimulation.","authors":"Yasuo Terao, Yoshikazu Ugawa","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70006-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70006-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TMS can be used to study higher cerebral functions by the virtual lesion paradigm. The major advantages of this method are that it could be used to produce a lesion anywhere the researcher wants without confusing cortical reorganization, and that it helps to establish a chain of cause and effect between the activity of the brain and behavior. With elucidation of the mechanism underlying the cortical function blocking, this technique will open up new possibilities for studying higher cerebral functions. In contrast to the online method in which TMS is delivered while subjects perform a certain task, the off-line method uses repetitive TMS to achieve lasting effects even after stimulation has ceased. The application of the offline method will extend from improving cognitive functions by TMS to the treatment of neurological and psychiatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70006-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26185097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70013-3
Masutaro Kanda
{"title":"Event-related components of laser evoked potentials (LEPs) in pain stimulation: recognition of infrequency, location, and intensity of pain.","authors":"Masutaro Kanda","doi":"10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70013-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70013-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85606,"journal":{"name":"Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology","volume":"59 ","pages":"61-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70013-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26185104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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