Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.04
Seri Amelie Muliyadi, Elida Tengku Zainal Mulok, N. Hussein, R. M. Nor
Water pollution is a growing concern worldwide. One of the main causes of water pollution includes the textile industry which produces a large amount of wastewater every day. This wastewater is known to contain dyes that are recalcitrant and hard to treat. In order to solve this problem, bioremediation using ligninolytic fungi is commonly used for the ligninolytic enzymes which are able to break down the dyes. In this study, samples were collected from decaying woods and soils in the vicinity of UiTM Puncak Alam forests. A total of 20 fungal isolates were tested for ligninolytic enzyme production. Out of the 20 isolates, 13 were found to produce lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, but only one produced laccase. The isolate that produced all three enzymes was used for DNA isolation and identified using amplification of the ITS region by PCR. The isolate was identified as Trichoderma asperellum, a soft rot fungal species which is renowned for its role in bioremediation as a biosorbent.
{"title":"Screening of ligninolytic fungi for bioremediation of dyes","authors":"Seri Amelie Muliyadi, Elida Tengku Zainal Mulok, N. Hussein, R. M. Nor","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution is a growing concern worldwide. One of the main causes of water pollution includes the textile industry which produces a large amount of wastewater every day. This wastewater is known to contain dyes that are recalcitrant and hard to treat. In order to solve this problem, bioremediation using ligninolytic fungi is commonly used for the ligninolytic enzymes which are able to break down the dyes. In this study, samples were collected from decaying woods and soils in the vicinity of UiTM Puncak Alam forests. A total of 20 fungal isolates were tested for ligninolytic enzyme production. Out of the 20 isolates, 13 were found to produce lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase, but only one produced laccase. The isolate that produced all three enzymes was used for DNA isolation and identified using amplification of the ITS region by PCR. The isolate was identified as Trichoderma asperellum, a soft rot fungal species which is renowned for its role in bioremediation as a biosorbent.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45854350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.01
J. Zachariah, Mohd Rawa Ispal, M. Yoon
Current methods of heavy metal removal are shown to have several drawbacks: cost of operation, generation of toxic sludge and complicated procedures in the treatment. In this study, the ability of seafood waste as a sustainable biosorbent was investigated. Three commonly consumed seafood wastes in Malaysia were chosen for this study: crab shells, prawn shells and cockle shells. This study aimed to determine the differences in copper removal between crab, prawn and cockle shells at fixed concentrations and weights of shells. Differential pulse voltammetry using a modified screen-printed electrode was used to determine the concentration of copper for each waste sample. Removal of copper was first observed at different shell weights between 20 and 100 mg and at a fixed copper concentration of 20 ppm. Shell weights with the highest removal, 20 mg and 40 mg, were then used for further observation at concentrations between 1-20 ppm. At a weight of 20 mg, prawn shells showed the highest removal percentage of copper at 34.40% while crab shells and cockle shells showed the highest removal percentage of 31.22% and 12.78%, respectively. This was likely due to the presence of calcium carbonate and chitin as the main component in crab and prawn shells. Cockle shells showed low removal efficiency under these conditions. In conclusion, untreated crab shells and prawn shells were shown to successfully remove copper in water.
{"title":"Analysis of copper removal using different seafood wastes by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)","authors":"J. Zachariah, Mohd Rawa Ispal, M. Yoon","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods of heavy metal removal are shown to have several drawbacks: cost of operation, generation of toxic sludge and complicated procedures in the treatment. In this study, the ability of seafood waste as a sustainable biosorbent was investigated. Three commonly consumed seafood wastes in Malaysia were chosen for this study: crab shells, prawn shells and cockle shells. This study aimed to determine the differences in copper removal between crab, prawn and cockle shells at fixed concentrations and weights of shells. Differential pulse voltammetry using a modified screen-printed electrode was used to determine the concentration of copper for each waste sample. Removal of copper was first observed at different shell weights between 20 and 100 mg and at a fixed copper concentration of 20 ppm. Shell weights with the highest removal, 20 mg and 40 mg, were then used for further observation at concentrations between 1-20 ppm. At a weight of 20 mg, prawn shells showed the highest removal percentage of copper at 34.40% while crab shells and cockle shells showed the highest removal percentage of 31.22% and 12.78%, respectively. This was likely due to the presence of calcium carbonate and chitin as the main component in crab and prawn shells. Cockle shells showed low removal efficiency under these conditions. In conclusion, untreated crab shells and prawn shells were shown to successfully remove copper in water.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.02
Bullo Neda, T. Feyissa, K. Dagne, Ermias Assefa
Molecular characterization of faba bean accessions is important for future collection, conservation, and crop improvement programs. However, molecular genetic diversity of the Ethiopian faba bean accessions has not been comprehensively characterized. The present study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 faba bean landraces and six released varieties using nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI), resolving power (RP) and effective multiplex ratio (EMR) showed average values of 0.32, 5.87, 7.14, and 18.34 per primer, indicating high polymorphism values. The marker revealed average gene diversity of 0.26, ranging from 0.15 to 0.36. The degree of polymorphism among the landrace accessions ranged from 44.91% for the Sidama population to 72.46% for the East Hararghe population, with a mean of 57.27%. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated 99 % variation within and 1% variation among population, respectively. The present study revealed little to moderate population differentiation accompanied by high gene flow. Both distance-based and model-based cluster analysis distinguished seven distinct groups illustrating the conformity of results obtained from the study. Accessions from different administrative zones (AZs) of the country were distributed over most of the clusters; exhibiting high genetic diversity in collection sites. Therefore, further collection, conservation, and utilization programs would be recommended from AZs with high genetic diversity.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm revealed by ISSR markers","authors":"Bullo Neda, T. Feyissa, K. Dagne, Ermias Assefa","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular characterization of faba bean accessions is important for future collection, conservation, and crop improvement programs. However, molecular genetic diversity of the Ethiopian faba bean accessions has not been comprehensively characterized. The present study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 faba bean landraces and six released varieties using nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI), resolving power (RP) and effective multiplex ratio (EMR) showed average values of 0.32, 5.87, 7.14, and 18.34 per primer, indicating high polymorphism values. The marker revealed average gene diversity of 0.26, ranging from 0.15 to 0.36. The degree of polymorphism among the landrace accessions ranged from 44.91% for the Sidama population to 72.46% for the East Hararghe population, with a mean of 57.27%. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated 99 % variation within and 1% variation among population, respectively. The present study revealed little to moderate population differentiation accompanied by high gene flow. Both distance-based and model-based cluster analysis distinguished seven distinct groups illustrating the conformity of results obtained from the study. Accessions from different administrative zones (AZs) of the country were distributed over most of the clusters; exhibiting high genetic diversity in collection sites. Therefore, further collection, conservation, and utilization programs would be recommended from AZs with high genetic diversity.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.03
A. S. Babu, K. V. Rao
Mycobacteria are an extremely large group of bacteria that are normal inhabitants of soil and water. It has an exceptional propensity to adjust to varying environmental conditions which has led to the success of this pathogen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can inhabit human tissues for years without replicating, thereby resuming growth and resulting in active tuberculosis with an increased latency period compared to any other deadly disease. The existing vaccines and drugs in the market to treat tuberculosis are ineffective and pose severe side effects. Hence, the development of a novel drug with high efficacy to kill these replicating and non-replicating bacilli appears to be an attractive solution to tackle this problem. The extraction of novel biologically active compounds from marine organisms has prospective biomedical applications for future drug discovery. Tuberculosis treatment, in specific, may benefit from the identification of novel and efficient marine-based compounds. A few anti-mycobacterial compounds belonging to the class alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, and steroids have been isolated from marine organisms and are known to have potential activity against mycobacteria. This review focuses on the currently available anti-mycobacterial compounds and quorum sensing inhibitors of marine origin along with their mode of action and their significant potential in the treatment of mycobacteria associated strains.
{"title":"Anti-mycobacterial compounds derived from marine organisms: Mode of actions and potential in tuberculosis treatment","authors":"A. S. Babu, K. V. Rao","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacteria are an extremely large group of bacteria that are normal inhabitants of soil and water. It has an exceptional propensity to adjust to varying environmental conditions which has led to the success of this pathogen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can inhabit human tissues for years without replicating, thereby resuming growth and resulting in active tuberculosis with an increased latency period compared to any other deadly disease. The existing vaccines and drugs in the market to treat tuberculosis are ineffective and pose severe side effects. Hence, the development of a novel drug with high efficacy to kill these replicating and non-replicating bacilli appears to be an attractive solution to tackle this problem. The extraction of novel biologically active compounds from marine organisms has prospective biomedical applications for future drug discovery. Tuberculosis treatment, in specific, may benefit from the identification of novel and efficient marine-based compounds. A few anti-mycobacterial compounds belonging to the class alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, and steroids have been isolated from marine organisms and are known to have potential activity against mycobacteria. This review focuses on the currently available anti-mycobacterial compounds and quorum sensing inhibitors of marine origin along with their mode of action and their significant potential in the treatment of mycobacteria associated strains.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.08
J. Mankotia, A. Kaushal, Azhar Khan
Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases known to mankind. Detection of the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has experienced a series of advances from the late 19th century through early 21st century. The hierarchy of diagnosis ranges from smear microscopy with traditional Ziehl–Neelsen staining to advanced light-emitting diode–fluorescence microscopy staining to both solid and liquid culture, and more recently, to genotypic methods like nucleic acid amplification. Each procedure has its own merits and drawbacks in terms of specificity, sensitivity, minimum detectible number of bacilli, and most crucially, turnover time. The latest diagnostic tools, like geneXpert and line probe assays, have gone a step further by detecting drug resistance. Both early and accurate diagnosis based on the drug susceptibility test implies precise and prompt initiation of treatment, thereby curtailing not only the agony of patient but also the burden tuberculosis places on the health system.
{"title":"Disease of consumption to extensively drug resistance tuberculosis: Race of techniques to enhance diagnosis","authors":"J. Mankotia, A. Kaushal, Azhar Khan","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is one of the most ancient infectious diseases known to mankind. Detection of the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has experienced a series of advances from the late 19th century through early 21st century. The hierarchy of diagnosis ranges from smear microscopy with traditional Ziehl–Neelsen staining to advanced light-emitting diode–fluorescence microscopy staining to both solid and liquid culture, and more recently, to genotypic methods like nucleic acid amplification. Each procedure has its own merits and drawbacks in terms of specificity, sensitivity, minimum detectible number of bacilli, and most crucially, turnover time. The latest diagnostic tools, like geneXpert and line probe assays, have gone a step further by detecting drug resistance. Both early and accurate diagnosis based on the drug susceptibility test implies precise and prompt initiation of treatment, thereby curtailing not only the agony of patient but also the burden tuberculosis places on the health system.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.07
K. Lai, Y. How, H. Ghazali, L. Pui
The characterization of the prebiotic potential of legumes and mucilage are essential and crucial for the development of symbiotic food products. The aim of the present study was to compare and to determine the prebiotic capacity of selected legumes, namely adzuki bean, mung bean, black cowpea, and mucilages from chia seed and flaxseed on the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Resistance towards acid, pancreatin hydrolysis, and the prebiotic scores of the tested substances was determined based on growth promotion after 24 h of incubation. Results revealed that flaxseed mucilage was more resistant against hydrolysis by acid (1.47%) and pancreatin (2.64%) compared to the other samples (5.64 – 18.06% for acid and 10.34 – 15.57% for pancreatin). The relative prebiotic scores for flaxseed mucilage and black cowpea were 98% and 94%, respectively, which were higher than commercial prebiotics including inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and isomaltooligosaccharides. The optimum concentrations of flaxseed mucilage and black cowpea during 36 h of fermentation were 0.8% and 0.4% (w/v), respectively. The findings indicated that flaxseed mucilage was partially digested during gastrointestinal transit and it promotes the growth of the L. rhamnosus GG. The potential prebiotic capacity of flaxseed mucilage and its symbiotic relationship with L. rhamnosus GG suggests that they can be incorporated together for the development of functional foods.
{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of potential prebiotic capacity of selected legumes and seed mucilage on the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG","authors":"K. Lai, Y. How, H. Ghazali, L. Pui","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of the prebiotic potential of legumes and mucilage are essential and crucial for the development of symbiotic food products. The aim of the present study was to compare and to determine the prebiotic capacity of selected legumes, namely adzuki bean, mung bean, black cowpea, and mucilages from chia seed and flaxseed on the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Resistance towards acid, pancreatin hydrolysis, and the prebiotic scores of the tested substances was determined based on growth promotion after 24 h of incubation. Results revealed that flaxseed mucilage was more resistant against hydrolysis by acid (1.47%) and pancreatin (2.64%) compared to the other samples (5.64 – 18.06% for acid and 10.34 – 15.57% for pancreatin). The relative prebiotic scores for flaxseed mucilage and black cowpea were 98% and 94%, respectively, which were higher than commercial prebiotics including inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and isomaltooligosaccharides. The optimum concentrations of flaxseed mucilage and black cowpea during 36 h of fermentation were 0.8% and 0.4% (w/v), respectively. The findings indicated that flaxseed mucilage was partially digested during gastrointestinal transit and it promotes the growth of the L. rhamnosus GG. The potential prebiotic capacity of flaxseed mucilage and its symbiotic relationship with L. rhamnosus GG suggests that they can be incorporated together for the development of functional foods.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43663545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.06
E. Nillian, G. Bebey, Fatin Nabilah Ngu, Nur Diyana, Amirah Zakirah, Eddy Boli, Melvin Chung Hsien Liang
Nowadays racial and ethnic differences in health care has become a growing concern. It is one of the critical determinant in influencing the genotype of the host in which may results in some diseases such as periodontal disease. Tannerella forsythia can be found in oral cavity and have the strongest relation in resulting on the destruction of connective tissue in periodontal disease. This research is aim to investigate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, particularly T. forsythia in four major ethnic groups in Sarawak which may result in periodontal disease in Sarawak. This disease may due to the results from the infection of the tissue supporting the teeth. A total of (n = 40) saliva samples consist of 10 samples for each ethnic groups such as Iban, Malay, Chinese and Bidayuh were collected in Kuching and Kota Samarahan using culture-independent method. The DNA was extracted from saliva based on Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl Alcohol method. After that, 16S rRNA gene was then amplified via PCR for bacterial detection using 27 F and 1492 R primers, followed by PG-F and PG-R primers set in identifying T. forsythia. The PCR product was observed on 1.5% gel electrophoresis. As a result, the presence of bacteria T. forsythia was found more frequently from saliva samples of ethnic in Iban (70%), followed by Malay (60%), Bidayuh (60%) and lastly Chinese (50%). The differences of demographic, certain cultural beliefs and practices might affect the oral health status. This finding show that it may help to identify the risk groups and has contributed an additional evidence for the association between ethnicity and periodontal disease.
{"title":"Detection of Tannerella forsythia from saliva samples in different ethnic majority groups in Sarawak","authors":"E. Nillian, G. Bebey, Fatin Nabilah Ngu, Nur Diyana, Amirah Zakirah, Eddy Boli, Melvin Chung Hsien Liang","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays racial and ethnic differences in health care has become a growing concern. It is one of the critical determinant in influencing the genotype of the host in which may results in some diseases such as periodontal disease. Tannerella forsythia can be found in oral cavity and have the strongest relation in resulting on the destruction of connective tissue in periodontal disease. This research is aim to investigate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens, particularly T. forsythia in four major ethnic groups in Sarawak which may result in periodontal disease in Sarawak. This disease may due to the results from the infection of the tissue supporting the teeth. A total of (n = 40) saliva samples consist of 10 samples for each ethnic groups such as Iban, Malay, Chinese and Bidayuh were collected in Kuching and Kota Samarahan using culture-independent method. The DNA was extracted from saliva based on Phenol Chloroform Isoamyl Alcohol method. After that, 16S rRNA gene was then amplified via PCR for bacterial detection using 27 F and 1492 R primers, followed by PG-F and PG-R primers set in identifying T. forsythia. The PCR product was observed on 1.5% gel electrophoresis. As a result, the presence of bacteria T. forsythia was found more frequently from saliva samples of ethnic in Iban (70%), followed by Malay (60%), Bidayuh (60%) and lastly Chinese (50%). The differences of demographic, certain cultural beliefs and practices might affect the oral health status. This finding show that it may help to identify the risk groups and has contributed an additional evidence for the association between ethnicity and periodontal disease.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42039317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.05
M. Bukhori, H. Jaafar, A. Ghasemzadeh, U. Sinniah
G. procumbens is an herbaceous medicinal plant. Despite the progressive reports on the potential pharmacological properties, many are overlooking at the importance of its agronomic requirements, especially in fertilization to produce high yields which have not been conclusively concluded. This study was carried out to examine the effects of nitrogen on growth quality. In this study of two factors, harvesting times and rate of nitrogen, a total of 12 combined treatments replicated three times with 108 plants were laid out according to randomized complete block design. Growth attributes were recorded in three harvests of triplicate samples to exhibit the trend for plant growth and quality, and statistically analysed. Nitrogen affected plant growth significantly (p≤0.05) with stronger effect on physiological attributes (p≤0.01). The results suggested that 0 nitrogen kg/ha at Week 12 and 90 nitrogen kg/ha at Week 4 is highly and least, respectively affected the morphology and physiology of G. procumbens. These attributes are controlled by the availability of usable nitrogen and agronomic management because nitrogen is needed in optimum quantity and must be in balance with other nutrients to achieve its maximum yield potential.
{"title":"Preliminary study on the effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth quality of Gynura procumbens","authors":"M. Bukhori, H. Jaafar, A. Ghasemzadeh, U. Sinniah","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"G. procumbens is an herbaceous medicinal plant. Despite the progressive reports on the potential pharmacological properties, many are overlooking at the importance of its agronomic requirements, especially in fertilization to produce high yields which have not been conclusively concluded. This study was carried out to examine the effects of nitrogen on growth quality. In this study of two factors, harvesting times and rate of nitrogen, a total of 12 combined treatments replicated three times with 108 plants were laid out according to randomized complete block design. Growth attributes were recorded in three harvests of triplicate samples to exhibit the trend for plant growth and quality, and statistically analysed. Nitrogen affected plant growth significantly (p≤0.05) with stronger effect on physiological attributes (p≤0.01). The results suggested that 0 nitrogen kg/ha at Week 12 and 90 nitrogen kg/ha at Week 4 is highly and least, respectively affected the morphology and physiology of G. procumbens. These attributes are controlled by the availability of usable nitrogen and agronomic management because nitrogen is needed in optimum quantity and must be in balance with other nutrients to achieve its maximum yield potential.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.02
Siti Aisyah Mat Ghani, R. M. Saleh, Wan Suriana Wan Abd Rahman, M. Hassan, W. Abdullah, M. Azlan, Z. Zulkafli
Mutations in the β-globin gene cluster can lead to β-thalassaemia, δβ-thalassaemia, hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HPFH) and some of the haemoglobin variants. The clinical and haematological spectrum of thalassaemia range from benign to pathogenic conditions including severe transfusion dependent thalassaemia. Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose β-globin gene cluster mutations to prevent thalassaemia major or intermedia offspring. The objective of this study is to detect β-globin gene cluster mutations and large deletions among anaemic patients with elevated HbF level in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study involved 144 anaemic patients with HbF level >1.0%. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the HbF and HbA2 levels. Multiplex-ARMS (ARMS)-PCR and gap-PCR were performed for those patients with high HbA2 level (>3.2%) and normal HbA2 level (≤3.2%) to detect β-globin gene cluster mutations and large deletions respectively. The majority of patients were Malays (99.3%) with mean age of 19.99 ± 1.64 years and female 61.1% predominance. Out of 87 samples tested using multiplex ARMS-PCR against eight targeted single mutation; Cd 41/42, IVS 1–5, Cd 26, Cd 17, Cd 71/72, IVS 1–1, Cd 8/9 and -28 mutations, 65 (74.7%) patients were detected which comprises of Cd 26 (56.3%), Cd 41/42 (11.5%), compound Cd 26 and Cd 41/42 (3.4%) and IVS 1–1 (3.4%). Meanwhile, for multiplex gap-PCR which detect four types of large deletions; Thai (δβ)o-thalassaemia, HPFH-6, Siriraj J and Hb Lepore, one out of 57 patients (1.8%) was found positive with Thai (δβ)o-thalassaemia. There was a significant difference between the mean of HbF level, MCV level as well as MCH level of patients with and without β-globin gene mutations and large deletions (P<0.05). This study highlighted the presence of various types of β-globin gene cluster mutations detection in establishing a definitive diagnosis among this selected group of patients for the large-scale screening of the thalassaemia gene.
{"title":"β-globin gene cluster mutations and large deletions among anaemic patients with elevated HbF level in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia","authors":"Siti Aisyah Mat Ghani, R. M. Saleh, Wan Suriana Wan Abd Rahman, M. Hassan, W. Abdullah, M. Azlan, Z. Zulkafli","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Mutations in the β-globin gene cluster can lead to β-thalassaemia, δβ-thalassaemia, hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HPFH) and some of the haemoglobin variants. The clinical and haematological spectrum of thalassaemia range from benign to pathogenic conditions including severe transfusion dependent thalassaemia. Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose β-globin gene cluster mutations to prevent thalassaemia major or intermedia offspring. The objective of this study is to detect β-globin gene cluster mutations and large deletions among anaemic patients with elevated HbF level in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study involved 144 anaemic patients with HbF level >1.0%. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the HbF and HbA2 levels. Multiplex-ARMS (ARMS)-PCR and gap-PCR were performed for those patients with high HbA2 level (>3.2%) and normal HbA2 level (≤3.2%) to detect β-globin gene cluster mutations and large deletions respectively. The majority of patients were Malays (99.3%) with mean age of 19.99 ± 1.64 years and female 61.1% predominance. Out of 87 samples tested using multiplex ARMS-PCR against eight targeted single mutation; Cd 41/42, IVS 1–5, Cd 26, Cd 17, Cd 71/72, IVS 1–1, Cd 8/9 and -28 mutations, 65 (74.7%) patients were detected which comprises of Cd 26 (56.3%), Cd 41/42 (11.5%), compound Cd 26 and Cd 41/42 (3.4%) and IVS 1–1 (3.4%). Meanwhile, for multiplex gap-PCR which detect four types of large deletions; Thai (δβ)o-thalassaemia, HPFH-6, Siriraj J and Hb Lepore, one out of 57 patients (1.8%) was found positive with Thai (δβ)o-thalassaemia. There was a significant difference between the mean of HbF level, MCV level as well as MCH level of patients with and without β-globin gene mutations and large deletions (P<0.05). This study highlighted the presence of various types of β-globin gene cluster mutations detection in establishing a definitive diagnosis among this selected group of patients for the large-scale screening of the thalassaemia gene.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42435710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.04
Sonia How Ming Wong, Chee-Mun Fang, H. Loh, S. Ngai
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in which its definite cure remains uncovered. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential anti-cancer agent due to its selective killing towards cancer cells while sparing the healthy cells. However, it is limited by the development of TRAIL resistance. With the attempt to overcome TRAIL resistance, this research embarked to study the effect of epigenetic drugs, Trichostatin A (TSA) and Zebularine (Zeb) along with E-cadherin re-expression on anti-cancer effect in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The MDA-MB-231 re-expressed with E-cadherin (231-EGFP) was treated with TSA and Zeb before being treated with TRAIL (TZT) to compare the effect on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The cell viability, cell cycle and migration assays were conducted on these cells, prior to reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeted on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). TZT induced a significant increase in G0/G1-arrested cell population and reduction in cell viability in 231-EGFP. These were verified by the suppression of PCNA and CDK2 mRNA expression. However, there was a negligible effect to reduce the cell migration of the invasive MDA-MB-231 and 231-EGFP cells in accordance with the lack of down-regulation of MMP9. In conclusion, this research shows that TSA and Zeb have sensitized breast cancer towards TRAIL treatment in 231-EGFP cells, validating the potentiality of E-cadherin as a biomarker of TRAIL treatment efficacy in the invasive breast cancer.
{"title":"Trichostatin A and Zebularine along with E-cadherin re-expression enhance tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cell cycle arrest in human breast adenocarcinoma cells","authors":"Sonia How Ming Wong, Chee-Mun Fang, H. Loh, S. Ngai","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in which its definite cure remains uncovered. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential anti-cancer agent due to its selective killing towards cancer cells while sparing the healthy cells. However, it is limited by the development of TRAIL resistance. With the attempt to overcome TRAIL resistance, this research embarked to study the effect of epigenetic drugs, Trichostatin A (TSA) and Zebularine (Zeb) along with E-cadherin re-expression on anti-cancer effect in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. The MDA-MB-231 re-expressed with E-cadherin (231-EGFP) was treated with TSA and Zeb before being treated with TRAIL (TZT) to compare the effect on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The cell viability, cell cycle and migration assays were conducted on these cells, prior to reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeted on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). TZT induced a significant increase in G0/G1-arrested cell population and reduction in cell viability in 231-EGFP. These were verified by the suppression of PCNA and CDK2 mRNA expression. However, there was a negligible effect to reduce the cell migration of the invasive MDA-MB-231 and 231-EGFP cells in accordance with the lack of down-regulation of MMP9. In conclusion, this research shows that TSA and Zeb have sensitized breast cancer towards TRAIL treatment in 231-EGFP cells, validating the potentiality of E-cadherin as a biomarker of TRAIL treatment efficacy in the invasive breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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