Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.05
N. Hanafi, R. Hasham, N. Othman, M. R. Sarmidi
The use of freeze drying process to prolong the shelf life of food products is considered mainstream in food industries due to its capability to retain the nutritional value. Citric acid and osmotic solution were used as a pre-treatment in this study to produce high-quality dried products. Four treatment groups were observed, including untreated (control), 1% citric acid (CA), 1% CA with 20% sugar solution (CAOD 20%), and 1% CA with 60% sugar solution (CAOD 60%). Physical properties such as moisture content; pH; total soluble solid; colour value; and bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were evaluated in freeze-dried pineapples. The result showed that CAOD 60% demonstrated a positive effect, with the least moisture content and the lowest value of colour changes (ΔE) at 5.69 ± 0.04% and 33.76 ± 2.17, respectively, as compared with that of other samples. In terms of phytochemical, the control and CA groups recorded higher retention of vitamin C, TPC, and TFC compared with other osmotic dehydration samples; however, there was no significant effect (p<0.05) on TPC and TFC. Interestingly, CAOD 60% possessed strong antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC50 value of 85.85 ± 5.93. From these findings, it was found that CAOD 60% resulted in positive effect on both the physical qualities and preservation of antioxidant activity, making it a recommended condition for pre-treatment in fruit preservation, which is essential in ensuring both the food security aspect and maintenance of its nutritional value.
{"title":"Effect of osmotic dehydration combined with citric acid on bioactive compounds in freeze-dried MD2 pineapple","authors":"N. Hanafi, R. Hasham, N. Othman, M. R. Sarmidi","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"The use of freeze drying process to prolong the shelf life of food products is considered mainstream in food industries due to its capability to retain the nutritional value. Citric acid and osmotic solution were used as a pre-treatment in this study to produce high-quality dried products. Four treatment groups were observed, including untreated (control), 1% citric acid (CA), 1% CA with 20% sugar solution (CAOD 20%), and 1% CA with 60% sugar solution (CAOD 60%). Physical properties such as moisture content; pH; total soluble solid; colour value; and bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were evaluated in freeze-dried pineapples. The result showed that CAOD 60% demonstrated a positive effect, with the least moisture content and the lowest value of colour changes (ΔE) at 5.69 ± 0.04% and 33.76 ± 2.17, respectively, as compared with that of other samples. In terms of phytochemical, the control and CA groups recorded higher retention of vitamin C, TPC, and TFC compared with other osmotic dehydration samples; however, there was no significant effect (p<0.05) on TPC and TFC. Interestingly, CAOD 60% possessed strong antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC50 value of 85.85 ± 5.93. From these findings, it was found that CAOD 60% resulted in positive effect on both the physical qualities and preservation of antioxidant activity, making it a recommended condition for pre-treatment in fruit preservation, which is essential in ensuring both the food security aspect and maintenance of its nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82341940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-07DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.04
Feryal Farouk Sherif, M. A. El Desouky, Mona Gebril, O. Azmy
DNA Integrity index (DNA Int) and cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) represent promising biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) detection. Tumor necrosis produces DNA fractions of different sizes, which contrasts apoptosis in normal tissue that releases smaller and more regular DNA fragments. Using ALU gene primers in quantitative PCR, the amplified cf-DNA is supposed to be either short fragments of 115 bp (ALU 115) or long fragments of 247 bp (ALU 247). ALU levels and DNA Int were determined in the plasma of 30 EOC patients, 30 benign cysts, and 15 healthy individuals. The mean values of DNA Int, ALU115, and ALU247 were elevated in malignant patients (0.51±0.09, 3.93 ng/ul ±1.93, 2.35 ng/ul ±1.1) respectively in comparison to healthy females (0.37±0.05; p < 0.001, 2.56 ng/ul ±0.9; p=0.027, 1.26±0.44; p< 0.01). A significant increase was shown in the mean values of DNA Int and ALU247 of EOC patients compared to those with benign cysts (0.4±0.06, p <0.001; 1.69±0.66, p =0.008) respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for EOC versus healthy females achieved 0.913 (DNA Int), 0.696 (ALU115), and 0.809 (ALU247) with sensitivities and specificities were (86.7% and 93.3%) for DNA Int, (63.3% and 86.7%) for ALU115 and (76.7% and 86.7%) for ALU247 respectively. Furthermore, comparing patients with EOC versus those with benign cysts gave AUC of 0.834 (DNA Int), 0.564 (ALU115), and 0.681 (ALU247) with sensitivities and specificities were (80% and 80%) for DNA Int, (63.3% and 60%) for ALU115 and (60% and 80%) for ALU247 respectively. Higher DNA Int and plasma ALU247 could help in the assessment of EOC, and their measurements seem to have clinical value in diagnosis.
{"title":"Association of plasma DNA integrity and long fragment ALU247 in the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer","authors":"Feryal Farouk Sherif, M. A. El Desouky, Mona Gebril, O. Azmy","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"DNA Integrity index (DNA Int) and cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) represent promising biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) detection. Tumor necrosis produces DNA fractions of different sizes, which contrasts apoptosis in normal tissue that releases smaller and more regular DNA fragments. Using ALU gene primers in quantitative PCR, the amplified cf-DNA is supposed to be either short fragments of 115 bp (ALU 115) or long fragments of 247 bp (ALU 247). ALU levels and DNA Int were determined in the plasma of 30 EOC patients, 30 benign cysts, and 15 healthy individuals. The mean values of DNA Int, ALU115, and ALU247 were elevated in malignant patients (0.51±0.09, 3.93 ng/ul ±1.93, 2.35 ng/ul ±1.1) respectively in comparison to healthy females (0.37±0.05; p < 0.001, 2.56 ng/ul ±0.9; p=0.027, 1.26±0.44; p< 0.01). A significant increase was shown in the mean values of DNA Int and ALU247 of EOC patients compared to those with benign cysts (0.4±0.06, p <0.001; 1.69±0.66, p =0.008) respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) for EOC versus healthy females achieved 0.913 (DNA Int), 0.696 (ALU115), and 0.809 (ALU247) with sensitivities and specificities were (86.7% and 93.3%) for DNA Int, (63.3% and 86.7%) for ALU115 and (76.7% and 86.7%) for ALU247 respectively. Furthermore, comparing patients with EOC versus those with benign cysts gave AUC of 0.834 (DNA Int), 0.564 (ALU115), and 0.681 (ALU247) with sensitivities and specificities were (80% and 80%) for DNA Int, (63.3% and 60%) for ALU115 and (60% and 80%) for ALU247 respectively. Higher DNA Int and plasma ALU247 could help in the assessment of EOC, and their measurements seem to have clinical value in diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87555189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-22DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.03
M. Ismail, E. Abdallah, Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy
Wild honey is believed to have plentiful nutritional and health benefits. Numerous studies dealing with the characteristics and biological activities of honey have proved its biological activities. However, little is known about Saudi wild honey. In the current study, the physico-chemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of wild honey collected from different locations in Saudi Arabia were examined. Results showed that, the physico-chemical characteristics of all samples were in compliance with international standards. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis exhibited that fructose is the major sugar type in all examined wild honeys, which was found in highest concentration in flowers honey (46 g/100 g), whereas, the lowest fructose concentration was found in Ziziphus honey (36 g/100 g). All monofloral honey showed significant antioxidant activity. Alfalfa honey recorded the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Ziziphus honey, respectively. However, Tamarisk honey recorded the lowest antioxidant activity among honey samples. Honey's antibacterial activity against five microorganisms displayed differing degrees of inhibition. The overall findings indicated that no antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans. The antibacterial examination of honey samples revealed non-significant activity against all tested bacteria, except with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026, where the Acacia honey exhibited significant activity against this bacterium (p < 0.05), with a mean of inhibition zone of 12.0+0.0 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5%. The results of the other types of honey were statistically non-significant.
{"title":"Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of honey from Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Ismail, E. Abdallah, Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Wild honey is believed to have plentiful nutritional and health benefits. Numerous studies dealing with the characteristics and biological activities of honey have proved its biological activities. However, little is known about Saudi wild honey. In the current study, the physico-chemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of wild honey collected from different locations in Saudi Arabia were examined. Results showed that, the physico-chemical characteristics of all samples were in compliance with international standards. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis exhibited that fructose is the major sugar type in all examined wild honeys, which was found in highest concentration in flowers honey (46 g/100 g), whereas, the lowest fructose concentration was found in Ziziphus honey (36 g/100 g). All monofloral honey showed significant antioxidant activity. Alfalfa honey recorded the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Ziziphus honey, respectively. However, Tamarisk honey recorded the lowest antioxidant activity among honey samples. Honey's antibacterial activity against five microorganisms displayed differing degrees of inhibition. The overall findings indicated that no antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans. The antibacterial examination of honey samples revealed non-significant activity against all tested bacteria, except with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026, where the Acacia honey exhibited significant activity against this bacterium (p < 0.05), with a mean of inhibition zone of 12.0+0.0 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5%. The results of the other types of honey were statistically non-significant.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87892371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-26DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.01
M. Yakoubi, N. Belboukhari, K. Sekkoum, M. Bouchekara, H. Aboul‐Enein
Warionia saharae Benth & Coss (W.s) (Asteraceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to Algeria and Morocco. Its leaves are used in their traditional medicine, such as gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases; for instance, rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In this work, our team investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from the dried upper parts of Warionia saharae based on different standard experimental test models. The analgesic activity was assessed by central and peripheral models, such as “hot plate” and “writhing” tests on Swiss albino mice. The hot plate test used latency measurements to assess acute cutaneous pain sensitivity, as a result; the latency of the hind-paw pain response was by licking and either shaking or jumping, those occurrences were recorded. Writhing test as a chemical method used to induce pain of peripheral origin in mice by injecting acetic acid intraperitoneally (IP). This results in characteristic stretching behavior of the animals (cramps and contortions). The evaluation of the analgesic activity, shows that the essential oil of this plant induces a decrease in the number of abdominal cramps in the contortion test and a maximum inhibition of pain. As for the anti-inflammatory effect, it was studied by the “paw edema” test, a phlogogenic agent (formaldehyde) was used to stimulate inflammation in the paws of mice. Anti-inflammatory properties can be observed by inhibiting this edema compared to the standard drug Diclofenac. In conclusion, Warionia saharae essential oil (75 mg/kg) showed a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities which supports the conventional use of this plant in traditional medicine.
{"title":"Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Warionia saharae essential oil","authors":"M. Yakoubi, N. Belboukhari, K. Sekkoum, M. Bouchekara, H. Aboul‐Enein","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Warionia saharae Benth & Coss (W.s) (Asteraceae) is a monospecific genus endemic to Algeria and Morocco. Its leaves are used in their traditional medicine, such as gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases; for instance, rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In this work, our team investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of essential oil extracted from the dried upper parts of Warionia saharae based on different standard experimental test models. The analgesic activity was assessed by central and peripheral models, such as “hot plate” and “writhing” tests on Swiss albino mice. The hot plate test used latency measurements to assess acute cutaneous pain sensitivity, as a result; the latency of the hind-paw pain response was by licking and either shaking or jumping, those occurrences were recorded. Writhing test as a chemical method used to induce pain of peripheral origin in mice by injecting acetic acid intraperitoneally (IP). This results in characteristic stretching behavior of the animals (cramps and contortions). The evaluation of the analgesic activity, shows that the essential oil of this plant induces a decrease in the number of abdominal cramps in the contortion test and a maximum inhibition of pain. As for the anti-inflammatory effect, it was studied by the “paw edema” test, a phlogogenic agent (formaldehyde) was used to stimulate inflammation in the paws of mice. Anti-inflammatory properties can be observed by inhibiting this edema compared to the standard drug Diclofenac. In conclusion, Warionia saharae essential oil (75 mg/kg) showed a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities which supports the conventional use of this plant in traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85211062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-26DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.10
S. Rashid, C. Leong, A. Taher, Nur Rifqah Attifah Rosman, Noor Faizah Che Harun, Nurhanis Syafiqah Mohd Nor Hamin, Nur Amiera Syuhada Rozman, S. Z. Abdullah, W. Ahmad, W. Tong
From the tropics to the arctic, almost all living plants on the earth are resided by endophytic fungi. The microorganism can be found near intercellular or intracellular tissues and cause void adverse symptoms of infection. Endophytes and host plants are synergistically protecting each other. As the host provides nutrients, the endophytes serve the host by activating their defense mode against parasites and pests. A search for alternative drugs, mostly from natural sources, is in ascending trends due to the increase of lethal diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of several endophytic fungi as a foundation for novel bioactive sources which might be advantageous for human health. The communication between the endophytic fungi and their host has generated numerous unique bioactive metabolites from different biosynthetic pathways. These include ketones, polyketides, alkaloids, non-alkaloids, acids, coumarins, etc., which comprise numerous potent biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, insecticidal, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and anti hypercholesterolemic. Around 1.5 million endophytic fungal species have been estimated. However, to date, only 100,000 species are reported. Thus, a few isolated compounds and their biological activities have been opted in this current review. All compounds were discovered from endophytic fungi, which resided on various host plants, particularly from algae to a higher family plant such as mangroves.
{"title":"Shades of endophytic fungi: Exceptional plant inhabitants with de facto therapeutic promises","authors":"S. Rashid, C. Leong, A. Taher, Nur Rifqah Attifah Rosman, Noor Faizah Che Harun, Nurhanis Syafiqah Mohd Nor Hamin, Nur Amiera Syuhada Rozman, S. Z. Abdullah, W. Ahmad, W. Tong","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"From the tropics to the arctic, almost all living plants on the earth are resided by endophytic fungi. The microorganism can be found near intercellular or intracellular tissues and cause void adverse symptoms of infection. Endophytes and host plants are synergistically protecting each other. As the host provides nutrients, the endophytes serve the host by activating their defense mode against parasites and pests. A search for alternative drugs, mostly from natural sources, is in ascending trends due to the increase of lethal diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of several endophytic fungi as a foundation for novel bioactive sources which might be advantageous for human health. The communication between the endophytic fungi and their host has generated numerous unique bioactive metabolites from different biosynthetic pathways. These include ketones, polyketides, alkaloids, non-alkaloids, acids, coumarins, etc., which comprise numerous potent biological activities including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, insecticidal, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive, anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, and anti hypercholesterolemic. Around 1.5 million endophytic fungal species have been estimated. However, to date, only 100,000 species are reported. Thus, a few isolated compounds and their biological activities have been opted in this current review. All compounds were discovered from endophytic fungi, which resided on various host plants, particularly from algae to a higher family plant such as mangroves.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82861704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.09
Azian Md Zain, N. I. Zainudin, I. S. Ismail, A. Azam, W. Saad, M. Yusof
This study was aimed to determine metabolites produced by Magnaporthe oryzae and identify metabolic changes during appressorium development. Appressorium development were induced in vitro and subjected to 1H NMR spectroscopy for metabolites production and multivariate data analysis. PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA were used to profile metabolite production throughout appressorium development. There were 43 metabolites identified putatively and PCA showed differences of metabolites production between mycelium and appressorium development. Metabolites that were significantly produced (p < 0.05) during appressorium development including isocitrate, isobutyrate, lysine, glutamate, succinate, tyrosine, choline, glycerol, xylose, mannose, sucrose, tryptophan, butyrate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, ethanol, methylmalonate, threonine, lactate, alanine, arginine, 4-aminobutyrate, homoserine, glucose, mannitol and glucitol. Glycerolipid, carbohydrates and amino acids metabolisms showed to be highly involved during appressoria development. This study revealed metabolites produced by M. oryzae during appressoria development in vitro as first metabolomics data using 1H NMR approach.
{"title":"Investigation of metabolites produced by Magnaporthe oryzae during appressorium development using 1H NMR metabolomics approach","authors":"Azian Md Zain, N. I. Zainudin, I. S. Ismail, A. Azam, W. Saad, M. Yusof","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to determine metabolites produced by Magnaporthe oryzae and identify metabolic changes during appressorium development. Appressorium development were induced in vitro and subjected to 1H NMR spectroscopy for metabolites production and multivariate data analysis. PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA were used to profile metabolite production throughout appressorium development. There were 43 metabolites identified putatively and PCA showed differences of metabolites production between mycelium and appressorium development. Metabolites that were significantly produced (p < 0.05) during appressorium development including isocitrate, isobutyrate, lysine, glutamate, succinate, tyrosine, choline, glycerol, xylose, mannose, sucrose, tryptophan, butyrate, leucine, isoleucine, valine, ethanol, methylmalonate, threonine, lactate, alanine, arginine, 4-aminobutyrate, homoserine, glucose, mannitol and glucitol. Glycerolipid, carbohydrates and amino acids metabolisms showed to be highly involved during appressoria development. This study revealed metabolites produced by M. oryzae during appressoria development in vitro as first metabolomics data using 1H NMR approach.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83121294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.08
Bei Ru Lee, Jeevanathan Kalyanasunandram, Kavitha Murulitharan, K. Lai, S. Chia, K. Yusoff
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, has the potential to be used as an anti-cancer therapeutic vaccine due to its oncolytic and immunostimulatory activities. The virus can be categorised into three pathotypes: lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic; of the three pathotypes, the lentogenic strains such as the La Sota are the preferred pathotype for vaccine development due to their low virulence to birds. On the other hand, the translation of the virus to clinic of the velogenic strain AF2240-I is hindered by its virulence towards birds although it exhibits strong oncolysis with significant outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to reduce the pathogenicity of AF2240-I yet retaining the anti-cancer properties of the virus. To achieve this, the V protein that acts as an interferon antagonist was chosen to be mutated. It is a non-structural protein that does not interfere with the binding and infection of the virus; hence, mutation of this virulence factor was deducted to be able to reduce harm to the avian species but retain its anti-cancer properties as much as possible. The V protein, which was produced from the insertion of an additional G into a conserved editing site of the P gene, was mutated by substituting the G nucleotide at position 411 from the start of P gene to a T nucleotide. This mutation will produce a premature stop codon from the V mRNA, resulting in a truncated V protein; but only causes a silent mutation in the P protein. The recombinant virus was recovered by the use of BHK cells stably expressing the phage T7 RNA polymerase. The pathogenicity of the mutated virus was determined in 9- to 11-day-old embryonated SPF chicken eggs. The mean death time (MDT) was determined to be 73.6 hours at the minimal lethal dose of 10-7, resembling to that of a mesogenic strain. The virulence of the mutated virus has been successfully reduced where it could be potentially used as the vector for the development of recombinant oncolytic virus for cancer treatment.
{"title":"Reduced pathogenicity of velogenic NDV strain AF22420-I via site-directed mutagenesis of V gene","authors":"Bei Ru Lee, Jeevanathan Kalyanasunandram, Kavitha Murulitharan, K. Lai, S. Chia, K. Yusoff","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, has the potential to be used as an anti-cancer therapeutic vaccine due to its oncolytic and immunostimulatory activities. The virus can be categorised into three pathotypes: lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic; of the three pathotypes, the lentogenic strains such as the La Sota are the preferred pathotype for vaccine development due to their low virulence to birds. On the other hand, the translation of the virus to clinic of the velogenic strain AF2240-I is hindered by its virulence towards birds although it exhibits strong oncolysis with significant outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to reduce the pathogenicity of AF2240-I yet retaining the anti-cancer properties of the virus. To achieve this, the V protein that acts as an interferon antagonist was chosen to be mutated. It is a non-structural protein that does not interfere with the binding and infection of the virus; hence, mutation of this virulence factor was deducted to be able to reduce harm to the avian species but retain its anti-cancer properties as much as possible. The V protein, which was produced from the insertion of an additional G into a conserved editing site of the P gene, was mutated by substituting the G nucleotide at position 411 from the start of P gene to a T nucleotide. This mutation will produce a premature stop codon from the V mRNA, resulting in a truncated V protein; but only causes a silent mutation in the P protein. The recombinant virus was recovered by the use of BHK cells stably expressing the phage T7 RNA polymerase. The pathogenicity of the mutated virus was determined in 9- to 11-day-old embryonated SPF chicken eggs. The mean death time (MDT) was determined to be 73.6 hours at the minimal lethal dose of 10-7, resembling to that of a mesogenic strain. The virulence of the mutated virus has been successfully reduced where it could be potentially used as the vector for the development of recombinant oncolytic virus for cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80661727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.06
S. Senarat, J. Kettratad, N. Kangwanrangsan, W. Jiraungkoorskul, F. Plumley, M. Amano, A. Shimizu, P. Boonyoung, G. Kaneko
The first author recognized an error within the manuscript and requested for a correction to be made for Figure 1(A) on page 54. The upper image of Figure 1(A) was a repetition of another manuscript that was published previously. The use of the same figure for another publication elsewhere is prohibited and therefore the new figure is printed below.
{"title":"Erratum: Immunoreactivity of estrogen receptor alpha in brain and ovary of the short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851).","authors":"S. Senarat, J. Kettratad, N. Kangwanrangsan, W. Jiraungkoorskul, F. Plumley, M. Amano, A. Shimizu, P. Boonyoung, G. Kaneko","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2021.029.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The first author recognized an error within the manuscript and requested for a correction to be made for Figure 1(A) on page 54. The upper image of Figure 1(A) was a repetition of another manuscript that was published previously. The use of the same figure for another publication elsewhere is prohibited and therefore the new figure is printed below.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87597548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.3.04
Y. P. Hastuti, Y. Fatma, Hardi Pitoyo, W. Nurussalam, Jajang Ruhyana
Detection of bacterial diversity in whiteleg shrimps and its rearing water is a vital first step in monitoring aquaculture activities. Bacterial community imbalance in whiteleg shrimps and its rearing water influences the quality and quantity of shrimp production. Identifying the bacterial community provides basic information related to dominant bacterial groups in whiteleg shrimps and environments, providing recommendations for proper environmental monitoring and management. In this study, we investigated bacterial community structure in the rearing water and intestinal tract of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from two sites, i.e., Pangkajene, South Sulawesi (SU) and Banyuwangi, East Java (BW), Indonesia. The bacterial community was analyzed using amplicon sequencing with Illumina sequencing platform based on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial diversity and composition were found differed between the rearing water and the shrimps’ intestines. Bacterial diversity in the rearing water of Banyuwangi (W.BW) was higher than that of Pangkajene (W.SU). Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were found as the most dominant phyla in rearing water from both farms, while distinct bacterial composition was observed in the shrimps’ intestines. The shrimp intestine from Banyuwangi (U.BW) was dominated by Firmicutes (22.36%), Proteobacteria (22.33%), and Verrucomicrobia (21.11%). In contrast, the shrimp intestine from Pangkajene (U.SU) was highly dominated by Tenericutes (88.54%), followed by Proteobacteria (4.66%), and Firmicutes (2.27%). The difference in bacterial community structure between the rearing water and shrimps’ intestines suggested that the host intestinal environment might have greater selective pressure for bacterial composition inhabiting L.vannamei intestines. Our observations suggest that the shrimps cultured in the rearing water with the similar dominant bacterial group have specific intestinal bacterial diversity.
{"title":"Assessment of total bacterial diversity in whiteleg shrimps and its aquaculture environment in Pangkajene and Banyuwangi, Indonesia","authors":"Y. P. Hastuti, Y. Fatma, Hardi Pitoyo, W. Nurussalam, Jajang Ruhyana","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of bacterial diversity in whiteleg shrimps and its rearing water is a vital first step in monitoring aquaculture activities. Bacterial community imbalance in whiteleg shrimps and its rearing water influences the quality and quantity of shrimp production. Identifying the bacterial community provides basic information related to dominant bacterial groups in whiteleg shrimps and environments, providing recommendations for proper environmental monitoring and management. In this study, we investigated bacterial community structure in the rearing water and intestinal tract of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from two sites, i.e., Pangkajene, South Sulawesi (SU) and Banyuwangi, East Java (BW), Indonesia. The bacterial community was analyzed using amplicon sequencing with Illumina sequencing platform based on the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial diversity and composition were found differed between the rearing water and the shrimps’ intestines. Bacterial diversity in the rearing water of Banyuwangi (W.BW) was higher than that of Pangkajene (W.SU). Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were found as the most dominant phyla in rearing water from both farms, while distinct bacterial composition was observed in the shrimps’ intestines. The shrimp intestine from Banyuwangi (U.BW) was dominated by Firmicutes (22.36%), Proteobacteria (22.33%), and Verrucomicrobia (21.11%). In contrast, the shrimp intestine from Pangkajene (U.SU) was highly dominated by Tenericutes (88.54%), followed by Proteobacteria (4.66%), and Firmicutes (2.27%). The difference in bacterial community structure between the rearing water and shrimps’ intestines suggested that the host intestinal environment might have greater selective pressure for bacterial composition inhabiting L.vannamei intestines. Our observations suggest that the shrimps cultured in the rearing water with the similar dominant bacterial group have specific intestinal bacterial diversity.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81193414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.3.05
D. F. Basri, Ngieng Sheng Ee, N. Rajab, Dharrshine Yoganathan, R. Raus
Canarium odontophyllum Miq. is an exotic plant which is native in Borneo and belong to the Burseraceae family. It contains phytochemicals such as saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid and phenolic compound with potential anticancer property. It has been found that the extract of this plant negatively affected colorectal cancer cells by stimulating apoptosis. To elucidate the apoptosis mechanism induced by the plant extract, this study evaluated the effect of C. odontophyllum stem bark acetone extract on cell cycle distribution of HCT 116 cell line using propidium iodide assay. For this purpose, IC50 of the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum was first determined by treating HCT 116 cells with the extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. It was found that the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum inhibited proliferation of HCT 116 at IC50 value of 55.09 ± 18.29 µg/mL for 24 hours treatment, 37.81 ± 5.09 µg/mL for 48 hours treatment, and 114.9 ± 16.08 µg/mL following 72 hours treatment. Using IC50 value of 48 hours treatment, it was observed that C. odontophyllum acetone extract arrested the HCT 116 cells at G0/G1 checkpoint. Based on this result, it can be concluded that one of the apoptosis mechanisms induced by C. odontophyllum is by arresting cell cycle of HCT 116 cells at G0/G1 checkpoint. This finding warrants further investigation on how C. odontophyllum causes the cell cycle arrest and its potential to become anticancer agent.
{"title":"Short communication: Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (dabai) stem bark arrested HCT 116 cell line at G0/G1 checkpoint","authors":"D. F. Basri, Ngieng Sheng Ee, N. Rajab, Dharrshine Yoganathan, R. Raus","doi":"10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/APJMBB.2021.029.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Canarium odontophyllum Miq. is an exotic plant which is native in Borneo and belong to the Burseraceae family. It contains phytochemicals such as saponin, terpenoid, flavonoid and phenolic compound with potential anticancer property. It has been found that the extract of this plant negatively affected colorectal cancer cells by stimulating apoptosis. To elucidate the apoptosis mechanism induced by the plant extract, this study evaluated the effect of C. odontophyllum stem bark acetone extract on cell cycle distribution of HCT 116 cell line using propidium iodide assay. For this purpose, IC50 of the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum was first determined by treating HCT 116 cells with the extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. It was found that the acetone extract of C. odontophyllum inhibited proliferation of HCT 116 at IC50 value of 55.09 ± 18.29 µg/mL for 24 hours treatment, 37.81 ± 5.09 µg/mL for 48 hours treatment, and 114.9 ± 16.08 µg/mL following 72 hours treatment. Using IC50 value of 48 hours treatment, it was observed that C. odontophyllum acetone extract arrested the HCT 116 cells at G0/G1 checkpoint. Based on this result, it can be concluded that one of the apoptosis mechanisms induced by C. odontophyllum is by arresting cell cycle of HCT 116 cells at G0/G1 checkpoint. This finding warrants further investigation on how C. odontophyllum causes the cell cycle arrest and its potential to become anticancer agent.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73399863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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