Pub Date : 2011-06-13DOI: 10.4314/NMP.V59I1-2.67104
V. Josephs
Researchers have divided opinion as to which lipid fraction or cholesterol ratio can effectively be used to predict the chances of an individual developing heart disease or can best describe the atherogenic index of an individual. In this study the atherogenic risk of Nigerian hypertensives and normotensives was examined by different parameters in an attempt to find out which one best separates the high risk individual from the one with low risk of atherogenicity. Lipid profile and lipid ratios were examined by standard methods in 330 untreated hypertensives and 110 age snd sex matched normotensives in Nigerian hypertensives and normotensives respectively in UBTH, Benin City, Nigeria. Statistical analysis was used to determine which lipid parameter(s) gave a better reflection of the atherogenic index. The mean of serum lipids and lipid ratios were significantly higher in the hypertensives than in the normotensives. The mean of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), log (Tg/HDL-C) was significantly positive for the hypertensives but significantly negative for the study population and for the normotensives, p Keywords: Atherogenic index; esterification rate; Nigerian African
{"title":"Looking for a more useful Atherogenic Index for Nigerians","authors":"V. Josephs","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V59I1-2.67104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V59I1-2.67104","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have divided opinion as to which lipid fraction or cholesterol ratio can effectively be used to predict the chances of an individual developing heart disease or can best describe the atherogenic index of an individual. In this study the atherogenic risk of Nigerian hypertensives and normotensives was examined by different parameters in an attempt to find out which one best separates the high risk individual from the one with low risk of atherogenicity. Lipid profile and lipid ratios were examined by standard methods in 330 untreated hypertensives and 110 age snd sex matched normotensives in Nigerian hypertensives and normotensives respectively in UBTH, Benin City, Nigeria. Statistical analysis was used to determine which lipid parameter(s) gave a better reflection of the atherogenic index. The mean of serum lipids and lipid ratios were significantly higher in the hypertensives than in the normotensives. The mean of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), log (Tg/HDL-C) was significantly positive for the hypertensives but significantly negative for the study population and for the normotensives, p Keywords: Atherogenic index; esterification rate; Nigerian African","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75280429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-13DOI: 10.4314/NMP.V59I3-4.67110
B. Alex-hart, P. Opara
Washing hand with soap and water is said to be the single most important intervention against hospital acquired infections. This study aimed to explore perceptions, attitudes and hand washing practices amongst doctors in a tertiary institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross sectional survey carried out amongst randomly selected doctors in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Questionnaire exploring perceptions, attitudes and self reported behavior was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 139 doctors participated in this study. Male to female ratio was 1: 1.5. Age ranged from 20 years to 59 years with a mean age of 32.9±8.0SD. Hand washing rates before and after patient interactions were 14.4% and 55.4% respectively (x2=49.7, p-value=0.000). Hand washing rates before and after simple clinical procedures were 18.0% and 51.1% respectively (x2.=32.2, p-value=0.000). Soapy water in a basin was more frequently (28.8%) used. The greatest motivation for hand washing was fear of contracting disease, whilst constraints included lack of soap and water. Rates of hand washing were low amongst doctors in Port Harcourt. There is need for regular education of doctors and provision of facilities for hand washing. Key words: Doctors, Hand washing, Practices, tertiary Hospital
{"title":"Hand Washing Practices amongst Doctors in A Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"B. Alex-hart, P. Opara","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V59I3-4.67110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V59I3-4.67110","url":null,"abstract":"Washing hand with soap and water is said to be the single most important intervention against hospital acquired infections. This study aimed to explore perceptions, attitudes and hand washing practices amongst doctors in a tertiary institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross sectional survey carried out amongst randomly selected doctors in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Questionnaire exploring perceptions, attitudes and self reported behavior was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 139 doctors participated in this study. Male to female ratio was 1: 1.5. Age ranged from 20 years to 59 years with a mean age of 32.9±8.0SD. Hand washing rates before and after patient interactions were 14.4% and 55.4% respectively (x2=49.7, p-value=0.000). Hand washing rates before and after simple clinical procedures were 18.0% and 51.1% respectively (x2.=32.2, p-value=0.000). Soapy water in a basin was more frequently (28.8%) used. The greatest motivation for hand washing was fear of contracting disease, whilst constraints included lack of soap and water. Rates of hand washing were low amongst doctors in Port Harcourt. There is need for regular education of doctors and provision of facilities for hand washing. Key words: Doctors, Hand washing, Practices, tertiary Hospital","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86527018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.4314/NMP.V58I5-6.66775
A. Popoola, A. Aderounmu, O. Olajide
{"title":"Impacts of long-term indwelling urinary catherization on the sexual functions of males low socio-economic country","authors":"A. Popoola, A. Aderounmu, O. Olajide","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I5-6.66775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I5-6.66775","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"47 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89584787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Birth Injury: A retrospective study in Sagamu, Nigeria.","authors":"A. Sule-Odu, O. Ogunlaja","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I4.66769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I4.66769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76369855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology and management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis","authors":"Oj Daniel, S. Ogun","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I4.66766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I4.66766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74640389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A survey of sanitation facilities used in some riverine communities in the Niger Delta: Health implications and a literature search for ideal facilities","authors":"B. Ordionoha","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I4.66771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I4.66771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83212861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of bacteria in the blood stream results in a condition known as bacteremia. This condition is associated with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). The study seeks to determine the bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and their susceptibility profile in a tertiary healthcare institution. The design was prospective and crosssectional. Specimens were obtained from patients in no particular selection order except that they were consecutively obtained. The study was carried out in a tertiary healthcare institution which is equipped with a standard microbiology laboratory. Patients seen at the various facilities in the hospital were used for the study. They numbered one thousand, six hundred and seventy (1,670) patients. This was during the period October 2008 to September 2009. The patient population was 1,500 (89.2%) infants while adults were 170 (10.8%). 1ml of venous blood was aseptically inoculated into two blood culture bottles, brain heart infusion broth and thioglycollate broth while giving great attention to sterile process. They were incubated overnight at 37 C and were examined daily for growth. Growth is usually characterized by gas bubbles or turbidity. If there was indication of growth either in the brain-heart infusion broth or the thioglycollate broth or both; gram staining and microscopy were prepared and read. The thioglychollate broth was sub cultured onto blood agar plate for anaerobic incubation, while the brain heart infusion broth was sub cultured onto chocolate, blood agar and McConkey agar for aerobic incubation. The anaerobic incubation was done by putting the culture plates into an anaerobic jar and filling it with hydrogen gas. This was incubated at 37 C overnight. The organisms isolated were identified to species level using the protocol of Cowan and Steel. The antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of the isolates was determined using the agar diffusion method of Bauer and Kirby. Eleven bacterial species were isolated in the study and they varied widely in their antibiotic susceptibilities. Ofloxacin exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was 56.3% susceptible to oxacillin. The study isolated the common bacteria involved in bacteremia and determined their susceptibility profile, and also suggested some control measures. Keywords: Bacteremia; Pyrexia of unknown origin; antibiotic susceptibilities,
{"title":"Bacterial Isolates from Blood Samples of Patients in University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.","authors":"R. Mordi, M. Ibadin, G. Ofovwe","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63127","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of bacteria in the blood stream results in a condition known as bacteremia. This condition is associated with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). The study seeks to determine the bacterial etiology of bloodstream infections and their susceptibility profile in a tertiary healthcare institution. The design was prospective and crosssectional. Specimens were obtained from patients in no particular selection order except that they were consecutively obtained. The study was carried out in a tertiary healthcare institution which is equipped with a standard microbiology laboratory. Patients seen at the various facilities in the hospital were used for the study. They numbered one thousand, six hundred and seventy (1,670) patients. This was during the period October 2008 to September 2009. The patient population was 1,500 (89.2%) infants while adults were 170 (10.8%). 1ml of venous blood was aseptically inoculated into two blood culture bottles, brain heart infusion broth and thioglycollate broth while giving great attention to sterile process. They were incubated overnight at 37 C and were examined daily for growth. Growth is usually characterized by gas bubbles or turbidity. If there was indication of growth either in the brain-heart infusion broth or the thioglycollate broth or both; gram staining and microscopy were prepared and read. The thioglychollate broth was sub cultured onto blood agar plate for anaerobic incubation, while the brain heart infusion broth was sub cultured onto chocolate, blood agar and McConkey agar for aerobic incubation. The anaerobic incubation was done by putting the culture plates into an anaerobic jar and filling it with hydrogen gas. This was incubated at 37 C overnight. The organisms isolated were identified to species level using the protocol of Cowan and Steel. The antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of the isolates was determined using the agar diffusion method of Bauer and Kirby. Eleven bacterial species were isolated in the study and they varied widely in their antibiotic susceptibilities. Ofloxacin exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus was 56.3% susceptible to oxacillin. The study isolated the common bacteria involved in bacteremia and determined their susceptibility profile, and also suggested some control measures. Keywords: Bacteremia; Pyrexia of unknown origin; antibiotic susceptibilities,","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83702575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The demand for sedation and/or analgesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is on the increase and this puts high pressure on anaesthetists. Unfortunately in many developing countries, anaesthetists are concentrated in the tertiary health care centres, therefore guidelines for non-anaesthetist doctors who requires sedation of patients on a high-quality level and in a safe way are mandatory. This review will update the knowledge of practitioners interested in this area of medicine. However, close cooperation with anaesthetists seems mandatory to achieve and sustain a high-quality standard for our patients undergoing medical or surgical procedures under sedation. Key words: Sedation; Analgesia; Outpatient.
{"title":"Conducting Sedation/Analgesia for Procedures Outside The Operating Theatre","authors":"B. Osinaike","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63126","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for sedation and/or analgesia for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is on the increase and this puts high pressure on anaesthetists. Unfortunately in many developing countries, anaesthetists are concentrated in the tertiary health care centres, therefore guidelines for non-anaesthetist doctors who requires sedation of patients on a high-quality level and in a safe way are mandatory. This review will update the knowledge of practitioners interested in this area of medicine. However, close cooperation with anaesthetists seems mandatory to achieve and sustain a high-quality standard for our patients undergoing medical or surgical procedures under sedation. Key words: Sedation; Analgesia; Outpatient.","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88701692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on physician burnout showed that physicians are vulnerable to burnout. The consequences of physician burnout include ineffective quality of care of patients and it can also lead to poor physical and mental health of affected physicians. The resultant poor physical and mental health of the burnout physician is likely to bring about economic loss to his organisation in terms of absenteeism, reduced effectiveness, productivity and early retirement which may probably translate to reduced patients' satisfaction and quality of care. Despite its detrimental effects on physicians, burnout remains unrecognised in Nigerian physicians. The aim of this paper was to illustrate that physicians regularly encounter burnout, identify possible aetiologies of burnout in physicians and also suggested different psychological interventions for management of physician burnout. Keywords: Burnout, Intervention, Physicians, Nigeria
{"title":"The Burnout Syndrome and its Intervention Strategies for Physicians","authors":"A. Coker","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63124","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on physician burnout showed that physicians are vulnerable to burnout. The consequences of physician burnout include ineffective quality of care of patients and it can also lead to poor physical and mental health of affected physicians. The resultant poor physical and mental health of the burnout physician is likely to bring about economic loss to his organisation in terms of absenteeism, reduced effectiveness, productivity and early retirement which may probably translate to reduced patients' satisfaction and quality of care. Despite its detrimental effects on physicians, burnout remains unrecognised in Nigerian physicians. The aim of this paper was to illustrate that physicians regularly encounter burnout, identify possible aetiologies of burnout in physicians and also suggested different psychological interventions for management of physician burnout. Keywords: Burnout, Intervention, Physicians, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79201733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Any woman of reproductive age may need Emergency Contraception (EC) at some point to avoid an unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness and utilization of EC among female undergraduate students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 450 randomly selected full time female undergraduate students. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self administered questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 22.2 ± 2.9 years with majority (88.0%) of them being single. Majority 276 (61.3%) of the respondents were sexually active out of which 213 (77.2%) had engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse and 110 (39.9%) had had an unintended pregnancy. Three hundred and seventy one (82.4%) respondents were aware of EC and their main source of information about EC was from friends (27.4%). Only 122 (32.9%) respondents had correct knowledge of EC while 45 (12.1%) had used it. Various incorrect methods/forms of EC were used by respondents to protect against unwanted pregnancy. Although, the awareness of EC among female undergraduates was high, correct knowledge and utilization by the students was low. There is therefore an urgent need to educate adolescents and young people in the university about EC especially in the area of correct methods available for them. The establishment of Reproductive Health Clubs and Adolescentfriendly health services where students can seek health information especially in reproductive health should be encouraged in the university.
{"title":"Awareness and Utilization of Emergency Contraceptives among Female Undergraduate Students of University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"A. Isara, E. Ehigiegba, Io Elamah","doi":"10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NMP.V58I3.63125","url":null,"abstract":"Any woman of reproductive age may need Emergency Contraception (EC) at some point to avoid an unintended pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness and utilization of EC among female undergraduate students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 450 randomly selected full time female undergraduate students. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self administered questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 22.2 ± 2.9 years with majority (88.0%) of them being single. Majority 276 (61.3%) of the respondents were sexually active out of which 213 (77.2%) had engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse and 110 (39.9%) had had an unintended pregnancy. Three hundred and seventy one (82.4%) respondents were aware of EC and their main source of information about EC was from friends (27.4%). Only 122 (32.9%) respondents had correct knowledge of EC while 45 (12.1%) had used it. Various incorrect methods/forms of EC were used by respondents to protect against unwanted pregnancy. Although, the awareness of EC among female undergraduates was high, correct knowledge and utilization by the students was low. There is therefore an urgent need to educate adolescents and young people in the university about EC especially in the area of correct methods available for them. The establishment of Reproductive Health Clubs and Adolescentfriendly health services where students can seek health information especially in reproductive health should be encouraged in the university.","PeriodicalId":85759,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian medical practitioner","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91395797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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