Pub Date : 2019-12-08DOI: 10.1177/0004867419893425
E. di Giacomo, F. Colmegna, A. Dakanalis, Rodolfo Pessina, V. Placenti, F. Pescatore, M. Clerici
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54(3) now collecting these labels, often in multiples. With them they collect medications and an identity that views themselves as fundamentally ‘disordered’. In child psychiatry, we need to find a way to keep the nuance of individual experience and the subtleties of understanding a child in context. This is an approach that keeps open possibilities for the future of each child, particularly those who are brought for help. My concern is that already campaigns of mental health literacy work to fix a child to their diagnostic identifications which become difficult to break free from. A childhood mental health literacy initiative can only serve to increase the diagnoses of childhood mental health disorders, while failing to consider the complexities of children in context. It is only an ‘illiteracy’ that allows a child, in conjunction with those they come into contact with, to find their own language to author their own lives.
{"title":"Screening for postpartum depression and borderline personality disorder: Food for thought","authors":"E. di Giacomo, F. Colmegna, A. Dakanalis, Rodolfo Pessina, V. Placenti, F. Pescatore, M. Clerici","doi":"10.1177/0004867419893425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419893425","url":null,"abstract":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54(3) now collecting these labels, often in multiples. With them they collect medications and an identity that views themselves as fundamentally ‘disordered’. In child psychiatry, we need to find a way to keep the nuance of individual experience and the subtleties of understanding a child in context. This is an approach that keeps open possibilities for the future of each child, particularly those who are brought for help. My concern is that already campaigns of mental health literacy work to fix a child to their diagnostic identifications which become difficult to break free from. A childhood mental health literacy initiative can only serve to increase the diagnoses of childhood mental health disorders, while failing to consider the complexities of children in context. It is only an ‘illiteracy’ that allows a child, in conjunction with those they come into contact with, to find their own language to author their own lives.","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"261 1","pages":"319 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86334070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-07DOI: 10.1177/0004867419893430
M. O’Connor
{"title":"Response to: Media depictions of possible suicide contagion among celebrities: A cause for concern and potential opportunities for prevention – The role of grief","authors":"M. O’Connor","doi":"10.1177/0004867419893430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419893430","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"58 1","pages":"438 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85021435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-06DOI: 10.1177/0004867419891248
P. Fitzgerald, S. Pridmore
Recent issues of the journal have contained an interesting, and we suspect somewhat entertaining, series of debate articles focused on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression. Unfortunately, we are not sure if these have really advanced understanding of the field adequately. In the most recent follow-up article, ‘Stimulating dangerous argument?’ (we are not sure what is dangerous about this debate), Professor Malhi and colleagues (2019) have continued the debate but really failed to address the vast majority of factual or content issues that were raised by both of us in our responses that preceded this. Instead, they appear to have really focused on two points that we would like to address in turn:
{"title":"Response to: Stimulating dangerous argument?","authors":"P. Fitzgerald, S. Pridmore","doi":"10.1177/0004867419891248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419891248","url":null,"abstract":"Recent issues of the journal have contained an interesting, and we suspect somewhat entertaining, series of debate articles focused on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for depression. Unfortunately, we are not sure if these have really advanced understanding of the field adequately. In the most recent follow-up article, ‘Stimulating dangerous argument?’ (we are not sure what is dangerous about this debate), Professor Malhi and colleagues (2019) have continued the debate but really failed to address the vast majority of factual or content issues that were raised by both of us in our responses that preceded this. Instead, they appear to have really focused on two points that we would like to address in turn:","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"73 1","pages":"344 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85765901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-03DOI: 10.1177/0004867419891247
M. Sinyor, S. Stack, T. Niederkrotenthaler
Media portrayals of suicide can have a substantial, negative influence on suicide rates often described as the Werther effect (Sinyor et al., 2018). One of the most extreme examples of this phenomenon was the publicity surrounding the death of Robin Williams which was associated with an increase of more than 1800 deaths in the United States in late 2014 (Fink et al., 2018). Recently, there has been renewed interest in the potential deleterious effects of fictional media depictions given an association between the release of the Netflix show 13 Reasons Why and increased youth suicides (Niederkrotenthaler et al., 2019). In our conversations with members of the entertainment media (and the mainstream media), a common theme is frustration with what they perceive as an emphasis by the suicide prevention community on what we discourage them from publishing. Given that their job is ultimately to create and disseminate content, we have received feedback that models for how to do so safely and appropriately may be just as important as a list of elements to avoid. Historically, the best evidence in this area has been from non-fictional, news media coverage. Specifically, news stories emphasizing resilience and the absence of suicide attempts/ deaths in the face of suicidal crises have been associated with reductions in suicide across a population, the so-called Papageno effect (Sinyor et al., 2018) (following publication of newspaper stories in which people experiencing suicidal crises did not engage in suicidal behaviour and went on to survive [socalled ‘mastery of crisis’ articles], there was a small, statistically significant reduction in suicides in Austria). While the issues involved in fictional and non-fictional depictions have some overlap, they are not identical, and, ideally, fictional archetypes would inform this discussion. Numerous films have explored the topic of suicide in different ways, but The Shawshank Redemption (1994), the number 1 film of all time according to users of the Internet Movie Database (IMDB; see IMDB.com Top 250), provides a rich basis for discussion of the potential impacts of suicide-related content in fictional movies based on what is currently known about media impacts on suicide. The Shawshank Redemption tells the story of a wrongly imprisoned man who eventually escapes to freedom. During its 142-minute running time, it includes four potential or actual suicide vignettes relating to its two protagonists (Andy and Red) and two supporting characters (Brooks and Norton). The film is not entirely consistent with responsible media recommendations, specifically in relation to the latter two characters who both die by suicide. A major theme of the film is the impact of institutionalization that comes with lengthy incarceration on the human spirit. Brooks is released after five decades in prison to a world that appears foreign and terrifying. He contemplates engaging in crime so that he can be sent back to the world he knows.
媒体对自杀的描述会对自杀率产生实质性的负面影响，通常被称为维特效应(Sinyor et al.， 2018)。这种现象最极端的例子之一是围绕罗宾·威廉姆斯死亡的宣传，这与2014年底美国死亡人数增加1800多人有关(Fink等人，2018)。最近，人们对虚构媒体描述的潜在有害影响重新产生了兴趣，因为Netflix节目《13个原因》的发布与青少年自杀率上升之间存在关联(Niederkrotenthaler等人，2019)。在我们与娱乐媒体(和主流媒体)成员的对话中，一个共同的主题是，他们认为自杀预防社区强调我们不鼓励他们发表的内容，这让他们感到沮丧。考虑到他们的工作最终是创建和传播内容，我们收到的反馈是，如何安全和适当地做到这一点的模型可能与要避免的元素列表一样重要。从历史上看，这一领域的最佳证据来自非虚构的新闻媒体报道。具体来说，在面对自杀危机时，强调韧性和没有自杀企图/死亡的新闻报道与整个人群自杀率的降低有关，即所谓的帕帕杰诺效应(Sinyor等人，2018)(在经历自杀危机的人没有从事自杀行为并继续生存的新闻报道发表后[所谓的“危机掌握”文章]，有一个小的，统计数据显示，奥地利的自杀率显著下降)。虽然虚构和非虚构描述中涉及的问题有一些重叠，但它们并不相同，理想情况下，虚构的原型将为这种讨论提供信息。许多电影都以不同的方式探讨了自杀的话题，但《肖申克的救赎》(1994)，根据互联网电影数据库(IMDB;(见IMDB.com Top 250)，根据目前已知的媒体对自杀的影响，为讨论虚构电影中与自杀相关的内容的潜在影响提供了丰富的基础。《肖申克的救赎》讲述了一个被错误囚禁的人最终逃脱自由的故事。在142分钟的播放时间里，它包括四个潜在的或实际的自杀小插曲，与它的两个主角(安迪和瑞德)和两个配角(布鲁克斯和诺顿)有关。这部电影并不完全符合负责任的媒体的建议，特别是关于后两个角色都自杀身亡。影片的一个主要主题是长期监禁对人类精神的影响。在监狱服刑五十年后，布鲁克斯被释放到一个陌生而可怕的世界。他考虑从事犯罪，这样他就可以被送回他熟悉的世界。他给朋友们写了一封信:“我不喜欢这里。我厌倦了一直担惊受怕。我决定不留下了。”绝望之下，他在天花板的木梁上刻上“布鲁克斯在这里”，然后吊在上面自尽。诺顿是监狱的监狱长，也是电影的主要反派，在安迪揭露他的犯罪活动时，他没有被逮捕，而是开枪自杀了。这两个场景都有潜在的问题，每个场景都描绘了致命的自杀方法。布鲁克斯也是一个高度可识别的角色，而这种身份似乎在很大程度上调解了自杀传染的风险(Till et al.， 2015)。与诺顿角色的认同可能不太可能，新闻媒体对恶棍自杀的描述通常与随后自杀的减少有关(Sinyor等人，2018)。然而，被指控犯罪是自杀的一个危险因素，大约一半的监狱里的自杀发生在被告被判有罪的时候。这部有史以来收视率最高的电影可能会教给我们在电影中刻画自杀
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Pub Date : 2019-12-03DOI: 10.1177/0004867419887804
Wicher A Bokma, N. Batelaan, A. Hoogendoorn, B. Penninx, A. V. van Balkom
Background: Clinical staging is a paradigm in which stages of disease progression are identified; these, in turn, have prognostic value. A staging model that enables the prediction of long-term course in anxiety disorders is currently unavailable but much needed as course trajectories are highly heterogenic. This study therefore tailored a heuristic staging model to anxiety disorders and assessed its validity. Methods: A clinical staging model was tailored to anxiety disorders, distinguishing nine stages of disease progression varying from subclinical stages (0, 1A, 1B) to clinical stages (2A–4B). At-risk subjects and subjects with anxiety disorders (n = 2352) from the longitudinal Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were assigned to these nine stages. The model’s validity was assessed by comparing baseline (construct validity) and 2-year, 4-year and 6-year follow-up (predictive validity) differences in anxiety severity measures across stages. Differences in depression severity and disability were assessed as secondary outcome measures. Results: Results showed that the anxiety disorder staging model has construct and predictive validity. At baseline, differences in anxiety severity, social avoidance behaviors, agoraphobic avoidance behaviors, worrying, depressive symptoms and levels of disability existed across all stages (all p-values < 0.001). Over time, these differences between stages remained present until the 6-year follow-up. Differences across stages followed a linear trend in all analyses: higher stages were characterized by the worst outcomes. Regarding the stages, subjects with psychiatric comorbidity (stages 2B, 3B, 4B) showed a deteriorated course compared with those without comorbidity (stages 2A, 3A, 4A). Conclusion: A clinical staging tool would be useful in clinical practice to predict disease course in anxiety disorders.
{"title":"A clinical staging approach to improving diagnostics in anxiety disorders: Is it the way to go?","authors":"Wicher A Bokma, N. Batelaan, A. Hoogendoorn, B. Penninx, A. V. van Balkom","doi":"10.1177/0004867419887804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419887804","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinical staging is a paradigm in which stages of disease progression are identified; these, in turn, have prognostic value. A staging model that enables the prediction of long-term course in anxiety disorders is currently unavailable but much needed as course trajectories are highly heterogenic. This study therefore tailored a heuristic staging model to anxiety disorders and assessed its validity. Methods: A clinical staging model was tailored to anxiety disorders, distinguishing nine stages of disease progression varying from subclinical stages (0, 1A, 1B) to clinical stages (2A–4B). At-risk subjects and subjects with anxiety disorders (n = 2352) from the longitudinal Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were assigned to these nine stages. The model’s validity was assessed by comparing baseline (construct validity) and 2-year, 4-year and 6-year follow-up (predictive validity) differences in anxiety severity measures across stages. Differences in depression severity and disability were assessed as secondary outcome measures. Results: Results showed that the anxiety disorder staging model has construct and predictive validity. At baseline, differences in anxiety severity, social avoidance behaviors, agoraphobic avoidance behaviors, worrying, depressive symptoms and levels of disability existed across all stages (all p-values < 0.001). Over time, these differences between stages remained present until the 6-year follow-up. Differences across stages followed a linear trend in all analyses: higher stages were characterized by the worst outcomes. Regarding the stages, subjects with psychiatric comorbidity (stages 2B, 3B, 4B) showed a deteriorated course compared with those without comorbidity (stages 2A, 3A, 4A). Conclusion: A clinical staging tool would be useful in clinical practice to predict disease course in anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"60 1","pages":"173 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89482419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.1177/0004867419888027
B. Wollenhaupt-Aguiar, D. Librenza-Garcia, G. Bristot, Laura Przybylski, L. Stertz, Renan Kubiachi Burque, K. Ceresér, L. Spanemberg, M. Caldieraro, B. Frey, M. Fleck, M. Kauer-Sant'Anna, Ives Cavalcante Passos, F. Kapczinski
Objective: This study used machine learning techniques combined with peripheral biomarker measurements to build signatures to help differentiating (1) patients with bipolar depression from patients with unipolar depression, and (2) patients with bipolar depression or unipolar depression from healthy controls. Methods: We assessed serum levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-17A, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein damage in 54 outpatients with bipolar depression, 54 outpatients with unipolar depression and 54 healthy controls, matched by sex and age. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Variable selection was performed with recursive feature elimination with a linear support vector machine kernel, and the leave-one-out cross-validation method was used to test and validate our model. Results: Bipolar vs unipolar depression classification achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.69, with 0.62 sensitivity and 0.66 specificity using three selected biomarkers (interleukin-4, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and interleukin-10). For the comparison of bipolar depression vs healthy controls, the model retained five variables (interleukin-6, interleukin-4, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl and interleukin-17A), with an AUC of 0.70, 0.62 sensitivity and 0.7 specificity. Finally, unipolar depression vs healthy controls comparison retained seven variables (interleukin-6, Carbonyl, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-17A, interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α), with an AUC of 0.74, a sensitivity of 0.68 and 0.70 specificity. Conclusion: Our findings show the potential of machine learning models to aid in clinical practice, leading to more objective assessment. Future studies will examine the possibility of combining peripheral blood biomarker data with other biological data to develop more accurate signatures.
{"title":"Differential biomarker signatures in unipolar and bipolar depression: A machine learning approach","authors":"B. Wollenhaupt-Aguiar, D. Librenza-Garcia, G. Bristot, Laura Przybylski, L. Stertz, Renan Kubiachi Burque, K. Ceresér, L. Spanemberg, M. Caldieraro, B. Frey, M. Fleck, M. Kauer-Sant'Anna, Ives Cavalcante Passos, F. Kapczinski","doi":"10.1177/0004867419888027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419888027","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study used machine learning techniques combined with peripheral biomarker measurements to build signatures to help differentiating (1) patients with bipolar depression from patients with unipolar depression, and (2) patients with bipolar depression or unipolar depression from healthy controls. Methods: We assessed serum levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-17A, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein damage in 54 outpatients with bipolar depression, 54 outpatients with unipolar depression and 54 healthy controls, matched by sex and age. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Variable selection was performed with recursive feature elimination with a linear support vector machine kernel, and the leave-one-out cross-validation method was used to test and validate our model. Results: Bipolar vs unipolar depression classification achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.69, with 0.62 sensitivity and 0.66 specificity using three selected biomarkers (interleukin-4, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and interleukin-10). For the comparison of bipolar depression vs healthy controls, the model retained five variables (interleukin-6, interleukin-4, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl and interleukin-17A), with an AUC of 0.70, 0.62 sensitivity and 0.7 specificity. Finally, unipolar depression vs healthy controls comparison retained seven variables (interleukin-6, Carbonyl, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-10, interleukin-17A, interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α), with an AUC of 0.74, a sensitivity of 0.68 and 0.70 specificity. Conclusion: Our findings show the potential of machine learning models to aid in clinical practice, leading to more objective assessment. Future studies will examine the possibility of combining peripheral blood biomarker data with other biological data to develop more accurate signatures.","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":"393 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88632021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.1177/0004867419889160
S. Cheng, N. Buckley, W. Siu, A. Chiew, E. Vecellio, B. Chan
Background: Lithium remains the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder. However, it has a very narrow therapeutic index (0.6–0.8 mmol/L). It has been suggested that high environmental temperature can lead to dehydration, elevated plasma lithium concentration and then lithium toxicity. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal and short-term changes in temperature on serum lithium concentrations in Sydney, Australia. Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from all patients who had serum lithium concentrations taken from the Prince of Wales and Sutherland Hospitals between 2008 and 2018. Temperature data came from the Bureau of Meteorology. We examined correlations between lithium concentrations and the preceding 5 days maximum temperatures, month and season. We also performed a longitudinal analysis of the effect of temperature and seasons within selected patients who had repeated levels. Results: A total of 11,912 serum lithium concentrations from 2493 patients were analysed. There was no significant association between higher lithium concentration and preceding higher temperatures (r = –0.008, p = 0.399). There was also no important seasonal or monthly variation, across all patients or in the smaller cohort with longitudinal data (n = 123, r = 0.008, 95% confidence interval: [–0.04, 0.06]). Conclusion: There were no clinically important differences in serum lithium concentration related to seasons, months or temperatures, which suggests that patients on lithium are able to adequately maintain hydration during hot weather in Sydney.
背景:锂仍然是治疗双相情感障碍的金标准。然而，它的治疗指数很窄(0.6-0.8 mmol/L)。有研究认为，高环境温度可导致脱水、血浆锂浓度升高，进而导致锂中毒。目的:我们旨在调查季节性和短期温度变化对澳大利亚悉尼血清锂浓度的影响。方法:我们回顾性分析了2008年至2018年期间在威尔士亲王医院和萨瑟兰医院采集的所有血清锂浓度患者的数据。温度数据来自气象局。我们研究了锂浓度与前5天最高温度、月份和季节之间的相关性。我们还对温度和季节的影响进行了纵向分析，这些患者的水平重复。结果:共分析了2493例患者的11912例血清锂浓度。较高的锂浓度与较高的温度之间无显著相关性(r = -0.008, p = 0.399)。在所有患者或具有纵向数据的较小队列中，也没有重要的季节性或月度变化(n = 123, r = 0.008, 95%置信区间:[-0.04,0.06])。结论:血清锂离子浓度与季节、月份或温度没有显著的临床差异，这表明在悉尼炎热的天气下，服用锂离子的患者能够充分保持水分。
{"title":"Seasonal and temperature effect on serum lithium concentrations","authors":"S. Cheng, N. Buckley, W. Siu, A. Chiew, E. Vecellio, B. Chan","doi":"10.1177/0004867419889160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419889160","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lithium remains the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder. However, it has a very narrow therapeutic index (0.6–0.8 mmol/L). It has been suggested that high environmental temperature can lead to dehydration, elevated plasma lithium concentration and then lithium toxicity. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal and short-term changes in temperature on serum lithium concentrations in Sydney, Australia. Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from all patients who had serum lithium concentrations taken from the Prince of Wales and Sutherland Hospitals between 2008 and 2018. Temperature data came from the Bureau of Meteorology. We examined correlations between lithium concentrations and the preceding 5 days maximum temperatures, month and season. We also performed a longitudinal analysis of the effect of temperature and seasons within selected patients who had repeated levels. Results: A total of 11,912 serum lithium concentrations from 2493 patients were analysed. There was no significant association between higher lithium concentration and preceding higher temperatures (r = –0.008, p = 0.399). There was also no important seasonal or monthly variation, across all patients or in the smaller cohort with longitudinal data (n = 123, r = 0.008, 95% confidence interval: [–0.04, 0.06]). Conclusion: There were no clinically important differences in serum lithium concentration related to seasons, months or temperatures, which suggests that patients on lithium are able to adequately maintain hydration during hot weather in Sydney.","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"36 1","pages":"282 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87516173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.1177/0004867419890671
Chencheng Zhang, Jun Li, Dianyou Li, Bomin Sun
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5) the normal range, and lenograstim increased to 250 μg on 29 June. On 5 July, 11 days after CIA occurrence, the patient’s ANC increased to 9560 cells/ mm3. After that, his ANC returned to a stable range. Examination of HLA alleles revealed the following: HLAA*11:01/24:02, HLA-B*54:01/55:02, HLA-Cw*01:02/03:03, HLA-RB1*04:05/ 08:03, HLA-DQB1*04:01/06:01. Several pharmacogenetic studies found that HLA alleles that differ between ethnics are implicated in the development of CIA (Numata et al., 2018). Because agranulocytosis is a rare adverse drug reaction, only 22 patients with CIA were included for detection of the responsible alleles in a study of Japanese (Saito et al., 2016). We suspected that HLA-DRB1*04:05 is in linkage disequilibrium and HLA-DRB1*04:05 might be an independent risk factor for CIA in Japanese. Further pharmacogenetic studies are needed to clarify the HLA alleles associated with CIA.
澳大利亚和新西兰精神病学杂志，54(5)，正常范围，lenograstim在6月29日增加到250 μg。7月5日，CIA发生11天后，患者ANC升高至9560个细胞/ mm3。在那之后，他的ANC回到了稳定的范围。HLA等位基因检测结果如下:HLA- a *11:01/24:02, HLA- b *54:01/55:02, HLA- cw *01:02/03:03, HLA- rb1 *04:05/ 08:03, HLA- dqb1 *04:01/06:01。几项药物遗传学研究发现，不同种族的HLA等位基因与CIA的发展有关(Numata等人，2018)。由于粒细胞缺乏症是一种罕见的药物不良反应，日本的一项研究只纳入了22例CIA患者进行相关等位基因检测(Saito et al.， 2016)。我们推测HLA-DRB1*04:05存在连锁不平衡，HLA-DRB1*04:05可能是日本人CIA的独立危险因素。需要进一步的药物遗传学研究来阐明与CIA相关的HLA等位基因。
{"title":"Deep brain stimulation removal after successful treatment for heroin addiction","authors":"Chencheng Zhang, Jun Li, Dianyou Li, Bomin Sun","doi":"10.1177/0004867419890671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419890671","url":null,"abstract":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5) the normal range, and lenograstim increased to 250 μg on 29 June. On 5 July, 11 days after CIA occurrence, the patient’s ANC increased to 9560 cells/ mm3. After that, his ANC returned to a stable range. Examination of HLA alleles revealed the following: HLAA*11:01/24:02, HLA-B*54:01/55:02, HLA-Cw*01:02/03:03, HLA-RB1*04:05/ 08:03, HLA-DQB1*04:01/06:01. Several pharmacogenetic studies found that HLA alleles that differ between ethnics are implicated in the development of CIA (Numata et al., 2018). Because agranulocytosis is a rare adverse drug reaction, only 22 patients with CIA were included for detection of the responsible alleles in a study of Japanese (Saito et al., 2016). We suspected that HLA-DRB1*04:05 is in linkage disequilibrium and HLA-DRB1*04:05 might be an independent risk factor for CIA in Japanese. Further pharmacogenetic studies are needed to clarify the HLA alleles associated with CIA.","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"93 1","pages":"543 - 544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80292907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.1177/0004867419889407
L. Sturm, J. Kulkarni
{"title":"Impact of childhood exogenous hormones on mood","authors":"L. Sturm, J. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1177/0004867419889407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419889407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"40 1 1","pages":"437 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85236160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27DOI: 10.1177/0004867419889157
S. Allison, T. Bastiampillai, J. Looi, Andrew Tavella
Recent data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics reveal higher suicide rates in rural areas, particularly among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Such metropolitan/ rural differences are well recognised internationally with cities over 1 million population having lower rates (Ivey-Stephenson et al., 2017). The ABS data for 2010/2018 also show a significant gap between the largest conurbations and the rest of the country: Sydney and Melbourne have the lowest suicide rates in Australia (Figure 1). The ‘Greater national cities total’ is an average for all state and territory capital cities, as well as the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), which has suicide rates that are relatively low but variable, overlapping the national average, given as ‘Australia total’. It is also notable that rural Victoria and rural New South Wales (NSW) rank below other rural areas and some capital cities. Overall, suicide rates are lower in the southeast corner of the country. Emile Durkheim observed, ‘every society is predisposed to supply a given number of voluntary deaths’ (Durkheim, 2006). While Sydney and Melbourne have many disadvantaged neighbourhoods, nevertheless there appear to be significant social benefits for people who live in these global cities, where migration and high population densities drive innovation, economic activity, employment, international universities, arts and culture, cutting edge architecture, huge sporting events, and more generally, city liveability. In 2019, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Melbourne as the second most liveable city in the world (after Vienna, Austria) Letter 889157 ANP ANZJP CorrespondenceANZJP Correspondence
{"title":"A tale of two cities: Suicide rates in Sydney and Melbourne are consistently lower than the rest of Australia","authors":"S. Allison, T. Bastiampillai, J. Looi, Andrew Tavella","doi":"10.1177/0004867419889157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867419889157","url":null,"abstract":"Recent data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics reveal higher suicide rates in rural areas, particularly among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Such metropolitan/ rural differences are well recognised internationally with cities over 1 million population having lower rates (Ivey-Stephenson et al., 2017). The ABS data for 2010/2018 also show a significant gap between the largest conurbations and the rest of the country: Sydney and Melbourne have the lowest suicide rates in Australia (Figure 1). The ‘Greater national cities total’ is an average for all state and territory capital cities, as well as the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), which has suicide rates that are relatively low but variable, overlapping the national average, given as ‘Australia total’. It is also notable that rural Victoria and rural New South Wales (NSW) rank below other rural areas and some capital cities. Overall, suicide rates are lower in the southeast corner of the country. Emile Durkheim observed, ‘every society is predisposed to supply a given number of voluntary deaths’ (Durkheim, 2006). While Sydney and Melbourne have many disadvantaged neighbourhoods, nevertheless there appear to be significant social benefits for people who live in these global cities, where migration and high population densities drive innovation, economic activity, employment, international universities, arts and culture, cutting edge architecture, huge sporting events, and more generally, city liveability. In 2019, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Melbourne as the second most liveable city in the world (after Vienna, Austria) Letter 889157 ANP ANZJP CorrespondenceANZJP Correspondence","PeriodicalId":8576,"journal":{"name":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"46 4","pages":"321 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91449920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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