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Is cognitive behavioral therapy more effective than pharmacotherapy for binge spectrum disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. 认知行为疗法比药物疗法对暴饮暴食谱系障碍更有效吗?系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231219593
Myrto T Samara, Niki Michou, Andreas S Lappas, Aikaterini Argyrou, Elissavet Mathioudaki, Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi, Eirini Tsekitsidi, Zoi A Polyzopoulou, Nikos Christodoulou, Georgios Papazisis, Michail Chourdakis

Objectives: Binge spectrum disorders are prevalent worldwide. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities are common, and societal costs are significant. Evidence-based treatment remains underutilized. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the recommended first-line treatment, but pharmacotherapy may be easier to access.

Interventions: Meta-analytic evidence directly comparing cognitive behavioral therapy with pharmacotherapy is lacking. We aimed to compare the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy interventions with any pharmacological treatment for binge spectrum disorders. We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and reference lists for randomized controlled trials comparing cognitive behavioral therapy with any pharmacotherapy for bulimia nervosa/binge eating disorder and performed pairwise meta-analytic evaluations.

Primary outcomes: Primary outcomes are remission and frequency of binges. Secondary outcomes are frequency of purges, response, eating disorder psychopathology, weight/body mass index, depression, anxiety, quality of life and dropouts.

Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials comparing cognitive behavioral therapy with fluoxetine/imipramine/desipramine/methylphenidate/sibutramine were identified (N = 531). Cognitive behavioral therapy was superior to antidepressants in terms of remission, frequency of binges and eating disorder psychopathology. There were no statistically significant differences for any of the individual cognitive behavioral therapy vs drug comparisons in terms of response/depression/anxiety/weight/quality of life/dropouts. Cognitive behavioral therapy was not superior to sibutramine/methylphenidate for the primary outcomes.

Conclusions: Data are scarce, comparisons underpowered and, considering the inherent methodological limitations of psychotherapy trials, questions arise regarding the presumed superiority of cognitive behavioral therapy. Further research is needed.

目的:暴饮暴食谱系障碍在全球普遍存在。精神和医疗并发症很常见,社会成本也很高。循证治疗仍未得到充分利用。认知行为疗法是推荐的一线治疗方法,但药物疗法可能更容易获得:缺乏直接比较认知行为疗法和药物疗法的 Meta 分析证据。我们旨在比较认知行为疗法干预与任何药物治疗对暴饮暴食谱系障碍的效果。我们在PubMed、Embase、CENTRAL、ClinicalTrials.gov和参考文献列表中检索了比较认知行为疗法与任何药物疗法治疗暴食症/进食障碍的随机对照试验,并进行了配对荟萃分析评估:主要结果:缓解和暴食频率是主要结果。次要结果包括暴食频率、反应、进食障碍心理病理学、体重/体重指数、抑郁、焦虑、生活质量和辍学:结果:11 项随机对照试验比较了认知行为疗法与氟西汀/丙咪嗪/地西普胺/哌甲酯/西布曲明(N = 531)。在缓解率、暴食频率和饮食失调精神病理学方面,认知行为疗法均优于抗抑郁药物。在反应/抑郁/焦虑/体重/生活质量/辍学方面,认知行为疗法与药物的单项比较差异均无统计学意义。就主要结果而言,认知行为疗法并不优于西布曲明/哌醋甲酯:数据稀缺,对比研究动力不足,考虑到心理疗法试验固有的方法局限性,认知行为疗法的假定优越性会引起质疑。需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Disturbed interoception in body dysmorphic disorder: A framework for future research. 身体畸形障碍中紊乱的内感知:未来研究框架。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231215030
Paul M Jenkinson, Susan L Rossell

Body dysmorphic disorder is a severe psychiatric condition characterised by a preoccupation with a perceived appearance flaw or flaws that are typically not observable to others. Although significant advances in understanding the disorder have been made in the past decade, current explanations focus on cognitive, behavioural and visual perceptual disturbances that contribute to the disorder. Such a focus does not consider how perception of the internal body or interoception may be involved, despite (1) clinical observations of disturbed perception of the body in body dysmorphic disorder and (2) disturbed interoception being increasingly recognised as a transdiagnostic factor underlying a wide range of psychopathologies. In this paper, we use an existing model of hierarchical brain function and neural (predictive) processing to propose that body dysmorphic disorder involves defective interoception, with perceived appearance flaws being the result of 'interoceptive prediction errors' that cause body parts to be experienced as 'not just right'. We aim to provide a framework for interoceptive research into body dysmorphic disorder, and outline areas for future research.

躯体畸形障碍是一种严重的精神疾病,其特征是专注于自己认为的外貌缺陷,而这些缺陷通常是他人无法观察到的。尽管在过去十年中,人们对这种疾病的认识取得了重大进展,但目前的解释主要集中在认知、行为和视觉感知方面的障碍,而这些障碍是导致这种疾病的原因。尽管(1)临床观察发现躯体畸形障碍患者对身体的感知受到干扰,以及(2)人们越来越认识到干扰的内感知是导致多种精神病症的一个跨诊断因素,但这种关注点并没有考虑到对身体内部或内感知的感知可能是如何参与其中的。在本文中,我们利用现有的大脑分层功能和神经(预测)处理模型,提出身体畸形障碍涉及有缺陷的内感知,感知到的外观缺陷是 "内感知预测错误 "的结果,导致身体部位被体验为 "不恰到好处"。我们旨在为身体畸形障碍的内感知研究提供一个框架,并概述未来的研究领域。
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引用次数: 0
Childhood cumulative trauma, social support and stress as predictors of illness outcomes and quality of life in bipolar disorder. 儿童累积创伤、社会支持和压力是双相情感障碍患者疾病结果和生活质量的预测因素。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231209225
Amy-Leigh Rowe, Tania Perich, Tanya Meade

Objective: Trauma, social support and stress have been identified as factors which may be associated with the bipolar disorder illness course. However, these are yet to be examined in prospective studies as predictors of illness outcomes and overall quality of life in bipolar disorder.

Method: One hundred and fourteen participants (N = 97; 85.1% female) living with bipolar disorder I (41.2%) or II (58.8%) completed a semi-structured interview and a range of self-report measures assessing trauma history, social support, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, mania, suicidality, number of mood episodes and quality of life, at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

Results: Childhood cumulative trauma, social support and perceived stress accounted for a substantial and significant portion of the variance in quality of life (62%; 23.6%), anxiety severity (34.6%; 24.5%) and depression severity (49.6%; 26.7%), at both baseline and 6-month follow-up. Perceived stress made significant unique contributions to the prediction of all outcomes, and social support made significant unique contributions to depression and quality of life in bipolar disorder.

Conclusion: Stress and social support play an important role in bipolar disorder and in quality of life for people living with this condition. Given that stress and social support are modifiable risk factors, this provides a promising direction for future intervention-based research.

目的:创伤、社会支持和压力已被确定为可能与双相情感障碍病程相关的因素。然而,这些还没有在前瞻性研究中作为双相情感障碍疾病结果和整体生活质量的预测因素进行检验。方法:114名患有双相情感障碍I(41.2%)或II(58.8%)的参与者(N=97;85.1%女性)完成了半结构化访谈和一系列自我报告测量,评估创伤史、社会支持、感知压力、抑郁、焦虑、躁狂、自杀、情绪发作次数和生活质量,结果:在基线和6个月的随访中,儿童累积创伤、社会支持和感知压力在生活质量(62%;23.6%)、焦虑严重程度(34.6%;24.5%)和抑郁严重程度(49.6%;26.7%)的差异中占很大比例。感知压力对所有结果的预测都有显著的独特贡献,社会支持对双相情感障碍患者的抑郁和生活质量也有显著的特殊贡献。结论:压力和社会支持在双相情感障碍和患者生活质量中起着重要作用。鉴于压力和社会支持是可改变的风险因素,这为未来基于干预的研究提供了一个有希望的方向。
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引用次数: 0
'E koekoe te Tūī, e ketekete te Kākā, e kuku te Kererū, The Tūī chatters, the Kākā cackles, and the Kererū coos': Insights into explanatory factors, treatment experiences and recovery for Māori with eating disorders - A qualitative study. “E koekoe te Túī,E ketekete te KāKā,E kuku te Kererā,Túditers,KāKācackles和Kererúcoos”:对饮食失调的毛利人的解释因素、治疗经验和康复的见解-一项定性研究。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231207583
Mau Te Rangimarie Clark, Jenni Manuel, Cameron Lacey, Suzanne Pitama, Ruth Cunningham, Jennifer Jordan

Background: Eating disorders are as common in Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa-New Zealand, as they are in non-Māori; however, research has focused on the experiences of non-Māori. This paper will describe explanatory factors, treatment experiences and what helps with recovery for Māori.

Methods: Kaupapa Māori research methodology informed the methods and analysis. Fifteen semi-structured interviews comprised thirteen Māori participants with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder) and two whānau (support network) members. A thematic analysis was undertaken by a first cycle of coding that used deductive structural coding to identify data describing participants' perceived causes of eating disorders, their experience of treatment and recovery. A second cycle of coding used inductive analysis with descriptive and pattern coding.

Results: Three overarching themes were antecedents (cumulative exposure), treatment (a system of complexities) and recovery (resource empowerment). Antecedents comprised cumulative exposure to body and sporting ideals and adversity as causal factors of eating disorders. In the treatment theme, a system of complexities critiqued rural settings for generalised mental health services, allocation of Māori cultural support, the economic burden of treatment, culturally incongruent treatment (methods, values) and a weight-focused discharge criterion. Recovery (resource empowerment) found appropriate health information, self-determination and connection to Māori culture and whānau aspirations helped with recovery.

Conclusion: The diversity of birdcalls reminds us of the individuality of eating disorders. Health practitioners are reminded that just as the Tūī, Kākā and Kererū possess their own unique birdcalls, so do Māori with eating disorders and their whānau have their own experiences, needs and required treatment responses.

背景:饮食失调在新西兰奥特亚的土著毛利人中和在非毛利人中一样常见;然而,研究的重点是非毛利人的经历。本文将描述解释因素、治疗经验以及有助于毛利人康复的因素。方法:Kauppa毛利人研究方法为方法和分析提供信息。15次半结构化访谈包括13名患有饮食障碍(神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴饮症)的毛利人参与者和两名whānau(支持网络)成员。通过第一轮编码进行了主题分析,该循环使用演绎结构编码来识别描述参与者饮食失调的感知原因、他们的治疗和康复经历的数据。第二个编码周期使用了归纳分析与描述性和模式编码。结果:三个首要主题是前因(累积暴露)、治疗(一个复杂的系统)和恢复(资源赋权)。前因包括对身体和运动理想的累积暴露,以及作为饮食失调原因的逆境。在治疗主题中,一个复杂的系统批评了农村环境中普遍的心理健康服务、毛利人文化支持的分配、治疗的经济负担、文化上不协调的治疗(方法、价值观)和以体重为重点的出院标准。康复(资源赋权)发现适当的健康信息、自决权以及与毛利文化和whānau愿望的联系有助于康复。结论:鸟鸣的多样性提醒我们饮食失调的个性。提醒健康从业者,正如Tāī、KāKā和Kererā拥有自己独特的鸟鸣一样,患有饮食失调的毛利人和他们的whānau也有自己的经历、需求和所需的治疗反应。
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引用次数: 0
Research Letter: Could ChatGPT and Bard provide helpful responses to a person seeking advice on how to support someone with a mental health problem? 研究信:ChatGPT 和 Bard 能为寻求如何帮助有心理健康问题的人的建议的人提供有用的回复吗?
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231219587
Nicola J Reavley, Nina Logan, Amy Morgan, Anna Ross, Anthony F Jorm
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引用次数: 0
On- and off-label utilisation of antipsychotics in Australia (2000-2021): Retrospective analysis of two medication datasets. 澳大利亚抗精神病药物的标签内和标签外使用情况(2000-2021):两个药物数据集的回顾性分析。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231210209
Ramya Padmavathy Radha Krishnan, Christopher Harrison, Nicholas Buckley, Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer

Objective: To determine antipsychotic utilisation patterns in Australian adults from 2005 to 2021, with a focus on on-label and off-label prescriptions.

Methods: We examined antipsychotic dispensing trends in adults from 2005 to 2021 using a 10% sample of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dataset, which contains patient-level information on medicines dispensed throughout Australia. The lack of diagnostic information in PBS was substituted by analysing BEACH (Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health) dataset, a cross-sectional national survey from 2000 to 2016, consisting of data from general practitioner-patient encounters.

Results: There were 5.6 million dispensings for 164,993 patients in PBS throughout this period; 69% patients had >1 dispensing, with a median of 6 per patient. Calculating the estimated period of exposure gave a total of 693,562 treatment episodes, with a median duration of 80 days. There were steady increases in both the incidence and prevalence of antipsychotic dispensings, mainly due to oral second-generation antipsychotics. The most commonly prescribed antipsychotics were quetiapine, olanzapine and risperidone, with a significant portion of patients receiving low-dose quetiapine without dose titration. Analysis of diagnostic indications from BEACH indicated that 27% of antipsychotic prescriptions were off-label for indications such as depression, dementia, anxiety and insomnia, at much lower prescribed daily dosages.

Conclusion: The increasing prescribing and off-label use highlights concerns about chronic adverse effects caused by antipsychotics. The combined analysis of medication dispensings and the diagnostic indications for which they are prescribed is a novel approach and throws a spotlight on the need for additional monitoring of antipsychotics.

目的:确定2005年至2021年澳大利亚成年人抗精神病药物的使用模式,重点关注标签内和标签外处方。方法:我们使用药物福利计划(PBS)数据集的10%样本,研究了2005年至2021年成人抗精神病药物的配药趋势,该数据集包含了澳大利亚各地配药的患者水平信息。PBS中诊断信息的缺乏是通过分析BEACH(改善健康评估和护理)数据集来替代的,这是一项2000年至2016年的横断面全国调查,由全科医生患者遭遇的数据组成。结果:在此期间,164993名患者在PBS中进行了560万次消解;69%的患者有>1次配药,每位患者的中位数为6次。计算估计的暴露时间,共有693562次治疗发作,中位持续时间为80天。抗精神病药物消退的发生率和患病率均稳步上升,主要是由于口服第二代抗精神病药。最常见的抗精神病药物是喹硫平、奥氮平和利培酮,相当一部分患者在没有剂量滴定的情况下接受低剂量喹硫平治疗。BEACH的诊断指征分析表明,27%的抗精神病药物处方是针对抑郁症、痴呆症、焦虑症和失眠等指征的标示外处方,每日处方剂量要低得多。结论:处方和标示外使用的增加凸显了人们对抗精神病药物引起的慢性不良反应的担忧。药物分散和处方诊断指征的综合分析是一种新的方法,并使人们关注对抗精神病药物进行额外监测的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in Australian adolescents: Analysis of the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. 澳大利亚青少年凯斯勒心理压力量表:对第二次澳大利亚儿童和青少年心理健康与幸福调查的分析。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231216601
Julie A Blake, Taya L Farugia, Brooke Andrew, Eva Malacova, David Lawrence, Hannah J Thomas, James G Scott

Introduction: The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is used to screen adolescents for mental disorders in Australian clinical practice; however, there are no Australian adolescent normative data.

Methods: Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample (N = 2964) of Australian adolescents (11-17 years). This study had three aims: (1) to examine concurrent validity between the K10 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) emotional symptoms subscale, (2) to establish normative Australian adolescent K10 data and (3) to determine optimal K10 cut-off scores for screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) via receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and stratum-specific likelihood ratios.

Results: The K10 and SDQ emotional symptoms scales were moderately correlated (rs = 0.63, p < 0.001). Older female adolescents reported higher total K10 scores compared with younger female adolescents (15-17 years: M = 20.2, standard error [SE] = 0.3; 11-14 years: M = 16.8, SE = 0.3) and male adolescents (11-14 years: M = 16.6, SE = 0.2; 15-17 years: M = 16.0, SE=0.2). K10 scores to optimally discriminate those with and without MDD varied by age and sex and had low specificities. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios indicated adolescents with a K10 score of 30 will have a 12.9 (95% confidence interval = [10.2, 16.2]) increased likelihood of MDD.

Conclusion: The K10 has utility for assessing psychological distress in health care and epidemiological research in Australian adolescents. Adolescents with K10 scores in the 'very high' range are at increased risk of MDD. Further assessment of these young people is indicated to identify those with or at risk of developing MDD.

简介:10 个项目的凯斯勒心理压力量表(K10)是澳大利亚临床实践中用于筛查青少年精神障碍的一种方法:凯斯勒心理压力量表(K10)共10个项目,在澳大利亚临床实践中用于筛查青少年精神障碍;然而,目前尚无澳大利亚青少年的标准数据:数据来自具有全国代表性的澳大利亚青少年(11-17 岁)样本(N = 2964)。这项研究有三个目的:(1)检验K10与优势与困难问卷(SDQ)情绪症状分量表之间的并发效度;(2)建立澳大利亚青少年K10常模数据;(3)通过受试者操作特征曲线分析和分层似然比,确定筛查重度抑郁障碍(MDD)的最佳K10截断分数:K10和SDQ情绪症状量表呈中度相关(rs = 0.63,p < 0.001)。与年龄较小的女性青少年(15-17 岁,中位数 = 20.2,标准误差 = 0.5)相比,年龄较大的女性青少年的 K10 总分更高:15-17岁:M = 20.2,标准误差 [SE] = 0.3;11-14岁:M = 16.8,标准误差 [SE] = 0.3:男性青少年(11-14 岁:M = 16.6,SE = 0.2;15-17 岁:M = 16.0,SE=0.2)的 K10 总分更高。)用于最佳区分 MDD 患者和非 MDD 患者的 K10 分数因年龄和性别而异,特异性较低。分层似然比显示,K10得分≥30分的青少年患多发性抑郁症的可能性增加了12.9(95%置信区间=[10.2,16.2]):结论:K10可用于评估澳大利亚青少年在医疗保健和流行病学研究中的心理困扰。K10得分在 "非常高 "范围内的青少年罹患多发性抑郁症的风险较高。需要对这些青少年进行进一步评估,以确定他们是否患有多发性抑郁症。
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引用次数: 0
Research Letter: What do Australian consumers with lived experience of bipolar disorder want from early intervention services? 研究信函有躁郁症生活经历的澳大利亚消费者希望从早期干预服务中获得什么?
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231215021
Jesse Gates, Sarah Bendall, Hailey Tremain, Clare Shelton, Dylan Hammond, Craig Macneil, Patrick McGorry, Michael Berk, Sue Cotton, Greg Murray, Aswin Ratheesh
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引用次数: 0
Letter to the Editor: Letter to the Editor regarding 'Abuses in psychiatric care: The shameful story of the Lake Alice Child and Adolescent unit in Aotearoa New Zealand'. 致编辑的信致编辑的信,内容涉及 "精神病护理中的虐待:新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的爱丽丝湖儿童和青少年病房的可耻故事"。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231219175
Rebecca White
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引用次数: 0
'Quitlink': Outcomes of a randomised controlled trial of peer researcher facilitated referral to a tailored quitline tobacco treatment for people receiving mental health services. 戒烟链接一项随机对照试验的结果:在同伴研究员的协助下,将接受精神健康服务的人转介到量身定制的戒烟热线进行烟草治疗。
IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231181039
Amanda L Baker, Kristen McCarter, Alyna Turner, Catherine Segan, David Castle, Lisa Brophy, Ron Borland, Peter J Kelly, Billie Bonevski, Donita Baird, Sacha Filia, John Attia, Stuart Szwec, Kerrin Palazzi, Sarah L White, Jill M Williams, Anna L Wrobel, Andrew Ireland, Karinna Saxby, Peter Ghijben, Dennis Petrie, Rohan Sweeney

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a tailored quitline tobacco treatment ('Quitlink') among people receiving support for mental health conditions.

Methods: We employed a prospective, cluster-randomised, open, blinded endpoint design to compare a control condition to our 'Quitlink' intervention. Both conditions received a brief intervention delivered by a peer researcher. Control participants received no further intervention. Quitlink participants were referred to a tailored 8-week quitline intervention delivered by dedicated Quitline counsellors plus combination nicotine replacement therapy. The primary outcome was self-reported 6 months continuous abstinence from end of treatment (8 months from baseline). Secondary outcomes included additional smoking outcomes, mental health symptoms, substance use and quality of life. A within-trial economic evaluation was conducted.

Results: In total, 110 participants were recruited over 26 months and 91 had confirmed outcomes at 8 months post baseline. There was a difference in self-reported prolonged abstinence at 8-month follow-up between Quitlink (16%, n = 6) and control (2%, n = 1) conditions, which was not statistically significant (OR = 8.33 [0.52, 132.09] p = 0.131 available case). There was a significant difference in favour of the Quitlink condition on 7-day point prevalence at 2 months (OR = 8.06 [1.27, 51.00] p = 0.027 available case). Quitlink costs AU$9231 per additional quit achieved.

Conclusion: The Quitlink intervention did not result in significantly higher rates of prolonged abstinence at 8 months post baseline. However, engagement rates and satisfaction with the 'Quitlink' intervention were high. While underpowered, the Quitlink intervention shows promise. A powered trial to determine its effectiveness for improving long-term cessation is warranted.

研究目的本研究旨在测试在接受心理健康支持的人群中开展有针对性的戒烟热线治疗("Quitlink")的效果:我们采用了一种前瞻性、分组随机、开放、盲点设计的方法,将对照组与 "戒烟热线 "干预组进行比较。两种情况都接受了由同伴研究员提供的简短干预。对照组参与者没有接受进一步的干预。而 "戒烟链接 "参与者则被转介到由专门的戒烟热线顾问提供的为期8周的定制戒烟热线干预以及尼古丁替代组合疗法。主要结果是自治疗结束(自基线起8个月)起连续戒烟6个月的自我报告。次要结果包括其他吸烟结果、心理健康症状、药物使用和生活质量。此外,还进行了试验内经济评估:共招募了 110 名参与者,历时 26 个月,其中 91 人在基线后 8 个月确认了治疗结果。在 8 个月的随访中,"戒毒链接"(16%,n = 6)与对照组(2%,n = 1)在自我报告的长期戒断率方面存在差异,但无统计学意义(OR = 8.33 [0.52, 132.09] p = 0.131)。在 2 个月的 7 天点数流行率方面,"戒烟链接 "方案与 "戒烟链接 "方案存在明显差异(OR = 8.06 [1.27, 51.00] p = 0.027 可用案例)。每多实现一次戒烟,Quitlink 的成本为 9231 澳元:结论:"戒烟链接 "干预并没有明显提高基线后 8 个月的长期戒烟率。然而,"Quitlink "干预的参与率和满意度都很高。虽然 "戒毒链接 "干预措施的作用力不足,但它仍显示出了良好的前景。因此,有必要进行一项有动力的试验,以确定其在提高长期戒烟率方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
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