Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.10
Tibor Bóka, Zsolt Bóka
The study commemorates the first female lawyer to graduate in Hungary, and we present her life path. Since Margit Ungár’s life story is almost unknown, it is timely and appropriate that her person and activities come to the fore again from the obscurity of oblivion. The central topic is explained using primary sources, which help to explain the stages of the life path having been only partially explored so far, in more detail and to make it easier to under-914
{"title":"Az első magyar női ügyvéd • The First Hungarian Female Lawyer","authors":"Tibor Bóka, Zsolt Bóka","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study commemorates the first female lawyer to graduate in Hungary, and we present her life path. Since Margit Ungár’s life story is almost unknown, it is timely and appropriate that her person and activities come to the fore again from the obscurity of oblivion. The central topic is explained using primary sources, which help to explain the stages of the life path having been only partially explored so far, in more detail and to make it easier to under-914","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.7
T. Halmos, I. Suba
Man is ‘condemned to die’ from the moment of his birth and must live with this fact. Life expectancy is influenced aspecifically by exogenous factors (natural disasters, wars, epidemics, accidents, social circumstances, criminal events, etc.), while endogenous factors (genetically en-coded within the organism) determine it. Ageing is characterised by a gradual loss of physiological integrity leading to deterioration of function and death. The literature identifies (1) genomic instability, (2) telomere loss, (3) mitochondrial dysfunction, (4) epigenetic alterations, (5) loss of proteostasis, (6) unregulated nutrient sensing, reduced autophagy, (7) cellular senescence, (8) stem cell exhaustion, and (9) altered intercellular communication as hallmarks of ageing. These ageing-related changes are associated with late-onset diseases such as neurodegenera-tive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. A less well known area of mitochondrial dysfunction is fibrosis in certain parenchymal organs. All these pathologies have a significant impact on life expectancy and quality of life. A central aim of research is to develop strategies to reduce age-related disease and vulnerability, reduce frailty, and improve quality of life in old age. In addition to genetic predisposition, lifestyle is a key player in achiev-ing long, healthy life expectancy. Among the possible interventions, calorie restriction (‘quality starvation’), regular exercise, and weight normalisation appear to be the most effective. Certain agents increase or pre-regulate autophagic activity and have been shown to be effective geroprotectors. The mTOR rapamycin system plays a key role in nutrient sensing. The target of rapamycin’s action is mTOR, whose inhibition mediates the effect of calorie restriction. Sirtuins modulate cell protective mechanisms such as defence against oxidative stress, DNA repair, en-ergy utilization, and autophagy. Metformin is a known antidiabetic drug, with recent focus on its potential use in prolonging healthy life span. Ageing is a natural physiological process of the body. It is the responsibility of the individual to pursue a healthy old age with dignity through lifestyle, and it is the responsibility of the health government of every country to support the longest possible healthy life span for all its citizens.
{"title":"Az élettartamot meghatározó exogén és endogén tényezők • Exogenous and Endogenous Factors Determining Lifespan","authors":"T. Halmos, I. Suba","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.7","url":null,"abstract":"Man is ‘condemned to die’ from the moment of his birth and must live with this fact. Life expectancy is influenced aspecifically by exogenous factors (natural disasters, wars, epidemics, accidents, social circumstances, criminal events, etc.), while endogenous factors (genetically en-coded within the organism) determine it. Ageing is characterised by a gradual loss of physiological integrity leading to deterioration of function and death. The literature identifies (1) genomic instability, (2) telomere loss, (3) mitochondrial dysfunction, (4) epigenetic alterations, (5) loss of proteostasis, (6) unregulated nutrient sensing, reduced autophagy, (7) cellular senescence, (8) stem cell exhaustion, and (9) altered intercellular communication as hallmarks of ageing. These ageing-related changes are associated with late-onset diseases such as neurodegenera-tive disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. A less well known area of mitochondrial dysfunction is fibrosis in certain parenchymal organs. All these pathologies have a significant impact on life expectancy and quality of life. A central aim of research is to develop strategies to reduce age-related disease and vulnerability, reduce frailty, and improve quality of life in old age. In addition to genetic predisposition, lifestyle is a key player in achiev-ing long, healthy life expectancy. Among the possible interventions, calorie restriction (‘quality starvation’), regular exercise, and weight normalisation appear to be the most effective. Certain agents increase or pre-regulate autophagic activity and have been shown to be effective geroprotectors. The mTOR rapamycin system plays a key role in nutrient sensing. The target of rapamycin’s action is mTOR, whose inhibition mediates the effect of calorie restriction. Sirtuins modulate cell protective mechanisms such as defence against oxidative stress, DNA repair, en-ergy utilization, and autophagy. Metformin is a known antidiabetic drug, with recent focus on its potential use in prolonging healthy life span. Ageing is a natural physiological process of the body. It is the responsibility of the individual to pursue a healthy old age with dignity through lifestyle, and it is the responsibility of the health government of every country to support the longest possible healthy life span for all its citizens.","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.6
Márton Szilágyi
My paper reviews the literary-historical researches on the oeuvre of Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), one of the most significant poets of 19 th -century Hungarian literature, from the aspect of the historiographical reasons that justify the central role of his oeuvre in the general tradition of Hungarian literary history. The research on Petőfi’s oeuvre is distinguished by its unique position in relation to the studies of other classical literary oeuvres, due to the diversity of material, cov-erage and perspectives. Since the end of the 19 th century, his works has been the object of three annotated critical editions, each of which has been or is being produced
{"title":"A Petőfi-kutatás hagyományai és távlatai • Researching Petőfi’s Oeuvre: Traditions and Perspectives","authors":"Márton Szilágyi","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.6","url":null,"abstract":"My paper reviews the literary-historical researches on the oeuvre of Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), one of the most significant poets of 19 th -century Hungarian literature, from the aspect of the historiographical reasons that justify the central role of his oeuvre in the general tradition of Hungarian literary history. The research on Petőfi’s oeuvre is distinguished by its unique position in relation to the studies of other classical literary oeuvres, due to the diversity of material, cov-erage and perspectives. Since the end of the 19 th century, his works has been the object of three annotated critical editions, each of which has been or is being produced","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.13
István Kiss Farkas, Gábor Kiss Farkas
{"title":"Szende Katalin, Uhrin Dorottya, Vadas András (szerkesztők): A történelem asztalánál. Kulináris kalandozások Nagy Balázs 60. születésnapjára","authors":"István Kiss Farkas, Gábor Kiss Farkas","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47396463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.8
Attila Lenti
The economy and societies of the Amazon basin have undergone many major changes in the centuries since the Spanish conquest. The development concepts and attempts at modernisation of the countries of the region have permanently transformed the relationship between people and environment, marginalising ancestral indigenous cultures, destroying their natural habitat, and causing the disappearance of many languages and important ecological knowledge. The paper reviews the impacts on ecosystems and society of the main economic and demographic processes generated by external development ideas, and then the history and stages of the contact of Amazonian indigenous communities and their associated biocultural landscapes with the Western world, driven primarily by resource exploitation. Finally, we will
{"title":"Az emberi jövő kulcsa a múltban: őshonos ökológiai tudás az Amazonas-medence átalakuló indián társadalmaiban • The Key to Human Future in the Past: Ancestral Ecological Knowledge in the Changing Indigenous Societies of the Amazon Basin","authors":"Attila Lenti","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.8","url":null,"abstract":"The economy and societies of the Amazon basin have undergone many major changes in the centuries since the Spanish conquest. The development concepts and attempts at modernisation of the countries of the region have permanently transformed the relationship between people and environment, marginalising ancestral indigenous cultures, destroying their natural habitat, and causing the disappearance of many languages and important ecological knowledge. The paper reviews the impacts on ecosystems and society of the main economic and demographic processes generated by external development ideas, and then the history and stages of the contact of Amazonian indigenous communities and their associated biocultural landscapes with the Western world, driven primarily by resource exploitation. Finally, we will","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42530049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.9
Péter Nagy, T. Nagy
Although the French academic orientation was very important in the reorganization of Hungarian sociology in the 1960s, in the last half century empirical sociology—where Mihály Csákó (1941–2019) certainly classified himself—has become clearly American-oriented. Throughout his career as a sociologist, Mihály Csákó, whose legacy—for a variety of reasons—has become our
{"title":"Csákó Mihály Karády Viktorról és a francia egyetempolitikáról • Mihály Csákó on Viktor Karády and French University Policy","authors":"Péter Nagy, T. Nagy","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.9","url":null,"abstract":"Although the French academic orientation was very important in the reorganization of Hungarian sociology in the 1960s, in the last half century empirical sociology—where Mihály Csákó (1941–2019) certainly classified himself—has become clearly American-oriented. Throughout his career as a sociologist, Mihály Csákó, whose legacy—for a variety of reasons—has become our","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.3
L. Kovács
ELKH ARP Research Data Repository project aims to establish a central data repository system supporting the whole ELKH research network, providing research data repository and related, integrated data- and metadata-management services. The mission of the ARP project is twofold: it designs and establishes the central system components and the network services of a national federated research data repository network and on the other hand creates the federated mechanisms and system components that enable to organize the existing and future research data repositories of ELKH into a single, uniform national network system. The system will also centrally provide research data repository services to the institutions and/or disciplines, research teams that cannot or will not establish and manage their own research data repository, filling an important gap by doing so. In the article we introduce the goals set by the project, the logical architecture of the system to be built, the functions and interoperability mechanisms of the system components, and the way the system facilitates the implementation of the FAIR principles in the process of managing national research data. The ELKH ARP system will support the introduction and widespread use of RO – Research Object, that enables the new, FAIR-sensitive level of research data management in Hungary. To achieve this, RO-Crate, the actual software implementation of the concept of RO, is fully sup-ported within the system. The RO infrastructure that is to meet the requirements to apply RO-Crate technology in Hungary forms an integral part of the federated research data repository network (storage and other) services. The ELKH ARP repository network federated mechanisms, integrated data management methods (protocols and policies) will ensure, in the course of further development of the system, the interoperability between the components on data transfer, semantic, institutional, and operational levels in the long term. Kulcsszavak
ELKH ARP研究数据储存库项目旨在建立一个支持整个ELKH研究网络的中央数据储存库系统，提供研究数据储存库和相关的、集成的数据和元数据管理服务。ARP项目的任务是双重的:它设计和建立一个国家联合研究数据储存库网络的中央系统组成部分和网络服务，另一方面创建联合机制和系统组成部分，以便将ELKH现有和未来的研究数据储存库组织成一个单一、统一的国家网络系统。该系统还将集中向不能或不愿建立和管理自己的研究数据存储库的机构和/或学科、研究小组提供研究数据存储库服务，从而填补了一个重要的空白。本文介绍了项目设定的目标、构建的系统逻辑架构、系统组件的功能和互操作机制，以及该系统如何在国家科研数据管理过程中促进公平原则的实施。ELKH ARP系统将支持RO - Research Object的引入和广泛使用，使匈牙利的研究数据管理达到新的公平敏感水平。为了实现这一点，RO- crate (RO概念的实际软件实现)在系统中得到了充分的支持。RO基础设施将满足在匈牙利应用RO- crate技术的要求，形成联邦研究数据存储库网络(存储和其他)服务的一个组成部分。ELKH ARP存储库网络联合机制、集成数据管理方法(协议和策略)将确保在系统的进一步开发过程中，各组件之间在数据传输、语义、机构和操作层面的长期互操作性。Kulcsszavak
{"title":"Az ELKH Adatrepozitórium Platform projekt a kutatási adattárolás és megosztás országos föderált rendszere • The ELKH ARP Research Data Repository Project, National Federated Repository Network for Sharing Research Data","authors":"L. Kovács","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.3","url":null,"abstract":"ELKH ARP Research Data Repository project aims to establish a central data repository system supporting the whole ELKH research network, providing research data repository and related, integrated data- and metadata-management services. The mission of the ARP project is twofold: it designs and establishes the central system components and the network services of a national federated research data repository network and on the other hand creates the federated mechanisms and system components that enable to organize the existing and future research data repositories of ELKH into a single, uniform national network system. The system will also centrally provide research data repository services to the institutions and/or disciplines, research teams that cannot or will not establish and manage their own research data repository, filling an important gap by doing so. In the article we introduce the goals set by the project, the logical architecture of the system to be built, the functions and interoperability mechanisms of the system components, and the way the system facilitates the implementation of the FAIR principles in the process of managing national research data. The ELKH ARP system will support the introduction and widespread use of RO – Research Object, that enables the new, FAIR-sensitive level of research data management in Hungary. To achieve this, RO-Crate, the actual software implementation of the concept of RO, is fully sup-ported within the system. The RO infrastructure that is to meet the requirements to apply RO-Crate technology in Hungary forms an integral part of the federated research data repository network (storage and other) services. The ELKH ARP repository network federated mechanisms, integrated data management methods (protocols and policies) will ensure, in the course of further development of the system, the interoperability between the components on data transfer, semantic, institutional, and operational levels in the long term. Kulcsszavak","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47919518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.5
Anikó Kutnyánszky, G. Szabó, Adrienn Tomcsik, Ilona Verle
Within the ELKH ARP, we conducted a non-representative survey on the data management policies of the journals preferred by ELKH researchers. Neither the disciplines nor the publishers’ own practices show uniformity in the management of scientific data published in their journals. Al-though the long-established publishers try to follow FAIR principles, there is no uniform policy yet
{"title":"Tudományos folyóiratok, kiadók open data kutatásiadat-elvárásai • Open Data Requirements of Scientific Journals and Publishers","authors":"Anikó Kutnyánszky, G. Szabó, Adrienn Tomcsik, Ilona Verle","doi":"10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/2065.184.2023.7.5","url":null,"abstract":"Within the ELKH ARP, we conducted a non-representative survey on the data management policies of the journals preferred by ELKH researchers. Neither the disciplines nor the publishers’ own practices show uniformity in the management of scientific data published in their journals. Al-though the long-established publishers try to follow FAIR principles, there is no uniform policy yet","PeriodicalId":86120,"journal":{"name":"Magyar tudomany : [a Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Ertesitoje]","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44751634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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