Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2268135
Rachel H. Oefelein, Sarah Cresswell, Carney Matheson
If a DNA profile obtained from evidence is consistent with an individual, there are several hypotheses on the activity level that could be evaluated in relation to the evidence. Was the DNA deposited by the owner or routine handler of the firearm? Was the individual’s DNA transferred via another means to the firearm? Gaining insights as to the quantities of DNA typically obtained from an owner of a firearm from different areas of the item may aid the examiner in more effectively evaluating the evidence. This study focused on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collected from the trigger and trigger guard, the frame and slide, and the front and rear sight areas of 16 law enforcement-issued firearms. All samples that were suitable for comparison supported the DNA profile under the proposition if the owner of the firearm was a contributor to the DNA profile obtained from the sample. Additionally, 93% of the samples were assigned a likelihood ratio (LR) associated with a contributor that was estimated to account for greater than 70% of the DNA profile. Establishing data that can be used for evaluative reporting will enhance the DNA examiner’s ability to better explain the evidence in a courtroom setting.
{"title":"Proportion of total DNA consistent with the known owner on different areas of law enforcement owned firearms","authors":"Rachel H. Oefelein, Sarah Cresswell, Carney Matheson","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2268135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2268135","url":null,"abstract":"If a DNA profile obtained from evidence is consistent with an individual, there are several hypotheses on the activity level that could be evaluated in relation to the evidence. Was the DNA deposited by the owner or routine handler of the firearm? Was the individual’s DNA transferred via another means to the firearm? Gaining insights as to the quantities of DNA typically obtained from an owner of a firearm from different areas of the item may aid the examiner in more effectively evaluating the evidence. This study focused on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) collected from the trigger and trigger guard, the frame and slide, and the front and rear sight areas of 16 law enforcement-issued firearms. All samples that were suitable for comparison supported the DNA profile under the proposition if the owner of the firearm was a contributor to the DNA profile obtained from the sample. Additionally, 93% of the samples were assigned a likelihood ratio (LR) associated with a contributor that was estimated to account for greater than 70% of the DNA profile. Establishing data that can be used for evaluative reporting will enhance the DNA examiner’s ability to better explain the evidence in a courtroom setting.","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2254337
Melissa Airlie, James Robertson, Elizabeth Brooks
An evaluation of forensic hair analysisbetween experts, novices and the recently developed machine learning platform, HairNet, was conducted to assess accuracy and reliability. Our hypothesis stated experts and the machine learning platform will outperform novices in classifications of hair as human or non-human and suitability for nDNA analysis based on specialist knowledge and from training of the model. Statistically significant differences between novices and experts were found and attributed to training and experience for more complex classifications. For more simplistic classifications, no statistically significant difference between the novice and the experts was found. HairNet proved responses similar to expert responses in all classifications. Encouraging feedback was received regarding the use of technology and machine learning. The utilization of technology undoubtedly holds great promise to become part of the forensic tool kit for improving the efficiency and reliability of forensic hair analysis and in research, education and competency testing.
{"title":"An evaluation of novice, expert and supervised machine learning model classifications for forensic hair analysis","authors":"Melissa Airlie, James Robertson, Elizabeth Brooks","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2254337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2254337","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of forensic hair analysisbetween experts, novices and the recently developed machine learning platform, HairNet, was conducted to assess accuracy and reliability. Our hypothesis stated experts and the machine learning platform will outperform novices in classifications of hair as human or non-human and suitability for nDNA analysis based on specialist knowledge and from training of the model. Statistically significant differences between novices and experts were found and attributed to training and experience for more complex classifications. For more simplistic classifications, no statistically significant difference between the novice and the experts was found. HairNet proved responses similar to expert responses in all classifications. Encouraging feedback was received regarding the use of technology and machine learning. The utilization of technology undoubtedly holds great promise to become part of the forensic tool kit for improving the efficiency and reliability of forensic hair analysis and in research, education and competency testing.","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2261497
Muhammad Imran, Asif Raza, Hafiz Faisal Usman, Muhammad Mubasher, Najam Ud Din, Muhammad Amir Nadeem, Muhammad Irfan Ashiq, Muhammad Amjad, Mohammad Ashraf Tahir
ABSTRACTThe QuEChERS extraction method was extensively modified and validated for effective screening of drugs and pesticides in diverse biological matrices, such as blood, urine, liver, and stomach contents. This method involved the extraction of 2 mL biological samples using acetonitrile as the solvent. To eliminate interferences, particularly lipids, a novel sorbent comprising a combination of C18 and specialized polymers called EMR-L (Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid) was employed. The extracted samples were then subjected to analysis using GCMS with a DB-5 MS column. The validation study encompassed various parameters including carryover, limit of detection (LOD), and interference investigation. LOD of analytes were ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 µg/mL. The validated method is known for its simplicity and effectiveness in conducting systemic toxicological analysis, covering a wide range of acidic, neutral, and basic analytes. Moreover, this method has the potential to detect additional drugs and pesticides not included in the validation study, provided they are compatible with gas chromatographic analysis. The modified method was successfully applied to real case samples, proving to be a valuable tool for systemic toxicological analysis. Its versatility allows for the screening of acidic, neutral, and basic drugs and pesticides in various biological matrices.KEYWORDS: QuEChERSEMRdrugspesticidespostmortemsystemic toxicologyunknown screen Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid (EMR-L): a novel approach for efficient clean-up in systemic toxicological analysis of drugs and pesticides","authors":"Muhammad Imran, Asif Raza, Hafiz Faisal Usman, Muhammad Mubasher, Najam Ud Din, Muhammad Amir Nadeem, Muhammad Irfan Ashiq, Muhammad Amjad, Mohammad Ashraf Tahir","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2261497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2261497","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe QuEChERS extraction method was extensively modified and validated for effective screening of drugs and pesticides in diverse biological matrices, such as blood, urine, liver, and stomach contents. This method involved the extraction of 2 mL biological samples using acetonitrile as the solvent. To eliminate interferences, particularly lipids, a novel sorbent comprising a combination of C18 and specialized polymers called EMR-L (Enhanced Matrix Removal-Lipid) was employed. The extracted samples were then subjected to analysis using GCMS with a DB-5 MS column. The validation study encompassed various parameters including carryover, limit of detection (LOD), and interference investigation. LOD of analytes were ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 µg/mL. The validated method is known for its simplicity and effectiveness in conducting systemic toxicological analysis, covering a wide range of acidic, neutral, and basic analytes. Moreover, this method has the potential to detect additional drugs and pesticides not included in the validation study, provided they are compatible with gas chromatographic analysis. The modified method was successfully applied to real case samples, proving to be a valuable tool for systemic toxicological analysis. Its versatility allows for the screening of acidic, neutral, and basic drugs and pesticides in various biological matrices.KEYWORDS: QuEChERSEMRdrugspesticidespostmortemsystemic toxicologyunknown screen Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-10DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2254349
Kyunghyeon Kwak, Hokwon Choi, Jiwoo Choi, Yebin Kim, Eunbyeol Kim, Si-Keun Lim
{"title":"Development of a multiplex reverse transcription qPCR assay for identification of saliva, blood, and semen","authors":"Kyunghyeon Kwak, Hokwon Choi, Jiwoo Choi, Yebin Kim, Eunbyeol Kim, Si-Keun Lim","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2254349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2254349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136072843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2252475
Emily Bosco, David Ranson, Neil E. I. Langlois, Jacqui Hawkins
{"title":"An investigation of the coronial jurisdictions of Australia for the relationship between the cause of death provided on a post-mortem examination report and the corresponding coronial finding when the cause of death was determined, indeterminate and undetermined","authors":"Emily Bosco, David Ranson, Neil E. I. Langlois, Jacqui Hawkins","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2252475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2252475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2252467
Lana Matteucci, Charles Naylor, Neil E. I. Langlois
{"title":"Investigation of changing forensic pathology workloads over time, in coronial jurisdictions of Australia","authors":"Lana Matteucci, Charles Naylor, Neil E. I. Langlois","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2252467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2252467","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42484551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2252472
G. Horsman
{"title":"Reviewing the devices of those subject to Sexual Harm Prevention Orders (SHPOs): iOS opportunities, limitations and strategies","authors":"G. Horsman","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2252472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2252472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45030866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2252481
J. Garland, M. Thompson, B. Ondruschka, U. Da Broi, Isabella Thompson, R. Tse
{"title":"Transverse dimension measurement of the heart is a good estimator for heart weight","authors":"J. Garland, M. Thompson, B. Ondruschka, U. Da Broi, Isabella Thompson, R. Tse","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2252481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2252481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49220045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2023.2252531
Victoria Berezowski, Xanthé Mallett, Isabella Crebert, Dilan Seckiner, Justin Ellis, Ian Moffat
{"title":"A technical protocol for using ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography in the search for covert graves","authors":"Victoria Berezowski, Xanthé Mallett, Isabella Crebert, Dilan Seckiner, Justin Ellis, Ian Moffat","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2023.2252531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2023.2252531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2021.2005143
E. Oz
ABSTRACT Dental development, one of the most reliable indicators of chronological age (CA), has been believed to be fundamentally influenced by genetics rather than environmental factors. The study aims (i) to compare dental ages (DAs) in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins using three different DA methods and determining the most appropriate method, and (ii) to determine the possible effects of genetics on DA by evaluating the differences in the estimated DAs of MZ and DZ twins. The study sample consisted of 171 twin pairs (47 monozygotic, 124 dizygotic) between the ages of 5.0 and 12.9. In order to estimate DA, Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods were used. The mean CA of group was 8.42 (2.05) years. The Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods overestimated the DAs by 0.69, 0.60 and 0.56 years, respectively. The estimated DAs in age groups were similar, and differences were not statistically significant for intrapair DZ and MZ twins. As a result, it was not correct to state that any method was more appropriate and better than others for studies of twins. All methods’ standards were not suitable for any age groups of MZ and DZ twins, except for twins aged 12–12.9 years. Country-wide samples are needed to gather enough data to create valuable results and to establish the applicability of methods used.
{"title":"Dental age estimation using three different methods in monozygotic and dizygotic twins","authors":"E. Oz","doi":"10.1080/00450618.2021.2005143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2021.2005143","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dental development, one of the most reliable indicators of chronological age (CA), has been believed to be fundamentally influenced by genetics rather than environmental factors. The study aims (i) to compare dental ages (DAs) in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins using three different DA methods and determining the most appropriate method, and (ii) to determine the possible effects of genetics on DA by evaluating the differences in the estimated DAs of MZ and DZ twins. The study sample consisted of 171 twin pairs (47 monozygotic, 124 dizygotic) between the ages of 5.0 and 12.9. In order to estimate DA, Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods were used. The mean CA of group was 8.42 (2.05) years. The Demirjian, Willems and Nolla methods overestimated the DAs by 0.69, 0.60 and 0.56 years, respectively. The estimated DAs in age groups were similar, and differences were not statistically significant for intrapair DZ and MZ twins. As a result, it was not correct to state that any method was more appropriate and better than others for studies of twins. All methods’ standards were not suitable for any age groups of MZ and DZ twins, except for twins aged 12–12.9 years. Country-wide samples are needed to gather enough data to create valuable results and to establish the applicability of methods used.","PeriodicalId":8613,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"577 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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