Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry最新文献

英文中文

Prevention of suicide is possible 预防自杀是可能的

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12476

Norman Sartorius MD, PHD, FRCPsych

The 2019 report of the World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) showed – for the first time since its publication – a reduction of suicide rates in all but one region (America's) of the WHO. The number of people who died because of suicide in the most recent year reported was 10% lower than the number in the preceding report made more significant by the fact that the population of the world continued to increase. The incidence of suicide in the PR China (particularly among young women) in the 1980s was reported to be among the highest in the world: since then it has been reduced to a level similar to that seen in many European countries. The variation of suicide rates was explained by changes in the organization of health services, by control of pesticide availability and by a change of conditions related to urbanization (Phillips et al., 1999). A multicentre study of the World Health Organization (Fleischmann et al., 2008) showed the effectiveness of brief interventions to prevent suicide, in a variety of countries. Professor Hegerl's work (Hegerl et al., 2006) demonstrated that interventions by the health care sector (taken in collaboration with other social sectors) can lead to a reduction of suicide rates in urban settings. There are other studies and reports but the three examples mentioned above demonstrate that the incidence of suicide can be brought down by interventions by the health and social sectors and services; the WHO report however also shows that there are other factors which influence suicide rates, factors about which we still do not know enough. We could and should therefore hope that the future will see a universal application of measures of proven effectiveness in the prevention of suicide (e.g. the development of health services with a capacity to deal with suicide and suicide attempts) and a growth of the awareness that social change is a matter of life or death and must therefore be steered with care and humanitarian ideals in mind. At the same time, however a careful evaluation of effects of interventions and research on suicide and its prevention should continue and its results should help to guide action. The rates of suicide can be reduced and our action and behavior can make this happen.

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引用次数: 1

Mental health literacy: A systematic review of knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders in Malaysia 心理健康素养:对马来西亚关于精神障碍的知识和信念的系统审查

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12475

Khadeeja Munawar PhD, Firdaus Mukhtar PhD, Fahad Riaz Choudhry PhD, Alvin Lai Oon Ng DPsych

Background

Mental health problems in Malaysia are on a rise. This study aimed at performing a systematic review of mental health literacy (MHL) in Malaysia.

Methods

Medline, Embase, ERIC/Proquest, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Emcare and reference lists of included studies were searched in February 2020. Studies that evaluated at least one of the main components of MHL, including (1) knowledge related to mental health issues, and (2) stigma, were included irrespective of study design. As secondary findings, the review also synthesized results related to facilitators and barriers to seeking mental health services. Depending on the research design, the quality of each study was assessed through checklists.

Results

Forty six studies published between 1995 to 2019 were included. Most studies used cross-sectional designs to investigate MHL. Findings indicate that most Malaysians have stigmatizing attitudes towards mental health problems. Participants in the included studies endorsed multifactorial explanations of mental health issues with a dominance of supernatural and religious aetiologies. Likewise, the commonest barrier was considering sources other than professional sources of mental-health services. Presence of adequate knowledge and considering providers as competent facilitated help-seeking. Additionally, there was considerable heterogeneity in studies and a lack of standardized measures assessing MHL.

Conclusions

There is an increase in studies on MHL in Malaysia. A few of these studies, based on experimental design, have shown positive effects. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers should develop standardized measures and interventional studies based on all the components of MHL.

马来西亚的心理健康问题呈上升趋势。本研究旨在对马来西亚的心理健康素养(MHL)进行系统审查。方法于2020年2月检索Medline、Embase、ERIC/Proquest、ScienceDirect、Pubmed、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Scopus、EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Ovid Emcare和纳入研究的参考文献列表。无论研究设计如何，评估MHL的至少一个主要组成部分的研究，包括(1)与心理健康问题相关的知识和(2)耻辱感。作为次要发现，该审查还综合了与寻求精神卫生服务的促进因素和障碍有关的结果。根据研究设计，每项研究的质量都通过检查表进行评估。结果纳入1995 - 2019年间发表的46项研究。大多数研究采用横断面设计来调查MHL。调查结果表明，大多数马来西亚人对精神健康问题持污名化态度。被纳入研究的参与者赞同以超自然和宗教病因为主的心理健康问题的多因素解释。同样，最常见的障碍是考虑专业以外的心理健康服务来源。具备足够的知识并认为提供服务的人有能力，有助于寻求帮助。此外，研究中存在相当大的异质性，缺乏评估MHL的标准化措施。结论马来西亚对MHL的研究有所增加。其中一些基于实验设计的研究显示出了积极的效果。研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者应根据MHL的所有组成部分制定标准化措施和干预性研究。

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引用次数: 12

Validating the Mandarin version of the Memorial delirium assessment scale in general medical hospital patients 中文版纪念性谵妄评定量表在普通医院患者中的验证

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12468

Ching-Ho Hu MD, Yu-Chuan Chiu MD, Shen-Ing Liu MD, PHD, Kai-ting Ko MD, MS

Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric condition in the general hospital population. Thus, the goal of the present study is to extend the use of diagnostic tools for delirium by developing and validating a Mandarin version of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS).

谵妄是普通医院人群中常见的神经精神疾病。因此，本研究的目的是通过开发和验证中文版本的纪念谵妄评估量表(MDAS)来扩展谵妄诊断工具的使用。方法选取台北市和淡水市麦凯总医院的调查对象。委员会认证的精神科医生使用MDAS，混乱评估方法(CAM)和迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)评估患者。另一位咨询联络精神病医生证实了谵妄的诊断。我们评估了MDAS的信度和效度，并使用受试者工作特征曲线来确定识别谵妄的最佳截止点。结果61例患者中，29例被诊断为谵妄。谵妄患者的平均MDAS评分为16.7，非谵妄患者的平均MDAS评分为4.1。MDAS具有良好的内部一致性，Cronbach’s alpha系数为0.912。信度为0.996(95%可信区间[CI]: 0.992-0.998)。普通话版MDAS的诊断临界值为9，具有较高的敏感性(93.1%)和特异性(96.9%)。因子分析显示双因子结构;这些因素分别占方差的58.37%和14.42%。MDAS与CAM评分呈高度相关(r = - 0.849, p <.001)以及MMSE (r = - 0.875, p < .001)。国语MDAS对综合医院患者的评价具有良好的信度和效度。

引用次数: 0

Young Psychiatrist Session 1 青年精神病学家第一期

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12460

引用次数: 1

Keynote Lecture 主旨演讲

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12459

The Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists (PRCP) works with its member countries around the Pacific rim to promote mental health and to encourage the highest possible standards of clinical practice and ethical behavior in psychiatry. The PRCP also works to secure the best outcomes for people with mental illness by promoting excellent mental health services, supporting the prevention of mental illness, training outstanding psychiatrists, promoting quality and research, setting standards and being the voice of psychiatry across the Pacific rim countries. The PRCP works to disseminate knowledge about evidence-based psychiatric treatments and values-based practice; to be a voice for the dignity and human rights of patients and their families; and to uphold the rights of psychiatrists where they may be challenged. Most importantly, it acts to facilitate communication and provide assistance to societies who are isolated or whose members work in impoverished circumstances. I suggest the following future agenda for the PRCP in my lecture: 1) Action on the socioeconomic inequalities in mental health; 2) Improving mental health care systems in the Pacific rim; 3) Fighting against stigma of psychiatric treatment; 4) Improving quality of psychiatric training and education; 5) Remaining up to date and educated in digital psychiatry; 6) Role of psychiatrists in post-pandemic era.

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引用次数: 0

Anxiety Disorders / Somatoform Disorders / Dissociative Disorders 焦虑症/躯体形式障碍/分离性障碍

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12462

B Results: b The average depression and anxiety levels in patients with IBD were not clinically significant, However, 35% of UC patients and 45% of CD patients complained of feeling depressive based on the PHQ-9 scale, whereas 25% of UC patients and those with CD had depressive mood based on the HADS-D In addition, 20% of UC patients and 14% of CD patients complained of anxiety B Results: b The COVID-19 patients showed severer symptoms including post-traumatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms than comparison groups across all four screening scales (p < 001) When it comes to high-risk group, COVID-19 patients had an increased association for high-risk group compared to comparison groups (PC-PTSD: OR = 17 31, 95% CI = 9 26-32 35 p < 001;PHQ-9: OR = 8 11, 95% CI = 4 75-13 84, p < 001;GAD-7: OR = 14 67, 95% CI = 8 59-25 07, p < 001 PHQ-15: OR = 5 68, 95% CI = 3 1-10 25, p < 001;P4: OR = 14 67, 95% CI = 8 95-25 07, p < 001) The interaction effect of early trauma exposure and a diagnosis of panic disorder on cortical Iseul An 1, Minji Bang 2, Sang-Hyuk Lee 2 1 Department of Clinical Counseling Psychology Graduate School, CHA University, Korea 2 Depar B Purpose: b Early trauma is a risk factor for adult psychiatric disorders EP-1051 Morphologic alterations in subregions of amygdala in adults with major depressive disorder Hyeyoung Kim 1, Byung-Joo Ham 1, Kyu-Man Han 1, Jee Soo Lee 2, Yoon Mi Woo 2, Aram Kim 3 1 Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea 2 Department of Psych B Purpose: b Previous studies comparing the amygdala volume in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with the amygdala volume in healthy controls (HC) showed inconsistent results [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Asia-Pacific Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )

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引用次数: 0

PRCP 2021 Invited Lecture, Young Psychiatrist Session & Free Communication PRCP 2021特邀讲座、青年精神病学家会议和自由交流

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12457

引用次数: 0

PRCP 2021 E-Poster Exhibition PRCP 2021电子海报展

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12458

1. Anxiety disorders / Somatoform disorders / Dissociative disorders

2. Brain imaging

3. Child and adolescent psychiatry

4. Community mental health

5. Dementia / Delirium

6. Early detection/intervention

7. Eating Disorder

8. Education

9. Epilepsy

10. Genetic / Molecular psychiatry

11. Geriatric psychiatry

12. Mood disorders

13. Neuropathology

14. Neuropharmacology

15. Neurophysiology

16. Psychiatric emergency

17. Psychiatric epidemiology

18. Psychosocial treatment

19. Psychosomatic Medicine

20. Psychotherapy & Clinical Skills

21. Schizophrenia

22. Sleep Disorder

23. Society and mental health

24. Substance-related disorders

25. Transcultural psychiatry

26. Others

1.焦虑症/躯体形式障碍/分离性障碍2。大脑成像3。儿童和青少年精神病学4。社区心理健康5。痴呆症/Delirium6。早期发现/干预7。饮食失调8。教育9.癫痫10。遗传/分子精神病学11。老年精神病学12。情绪障碍13。神经病理学14。神经药理学15。神经生理学16。精神病急诊17。精神病流行病学18。心理社会治疗19。心身医学20。心理治疗；临床技能21。精神分裂症22。睡眠紊乱23。社会与心理健康24。物质相关疾病25。跨文化精神病学26。其他

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引用次数: 0

Free Communication 1 自由交流1

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12461

引用次数: 0

A descriptive mapping review of suicide in vulnerable populations in low and middle countries 中低收入国家弱势群体自杀的描述性地图综述

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2021-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12472

Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Somidha Ray, Tanya Nicole Fernandes, Soumitra Pathare

Introduction

In 2016, low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) accounted for 79% of the global suicide deaths. In LMICs, vulnerable groups—women, sexual minorities and refugees, and internally displaced persons (IDPs)—are at high risk of suicidal ideation, attempts and deaths by suicide, but information for designing targeted interventions for them is fragmented and missing, making it difficult to address gaps in the existing system. This review highlights these gaps by mapping: (a) risk factors associated with suicides and suicidal behavior including challenges in implementing targeted programmes for vulnerable groups; and (b) recommendations for effective suicide prevention interventions and strategies in LMICs as documented in the literature.

Methods

A descriptive mapping review of literature was conducted. Three electronic databases—PubMed, Google Scholar, and Refworld—were searched for specific keywords. The researchers mapped and reviewed 34 studies on suicide and suicide prevention across three main vulnerable groups.

Results

This review highlighted the need for gender-specific interventions for women and sexual minorities, addressing gender-based discrimination, access to healthcare, abuse and violence, while for refugees and IDPs, critical concerns are monitoring and understanding suicidal behaviors and to address psychological and emotional responses to resettlement.

Conclusion

In LMICs, specific and unique socio-cultural and environmental factors may increase the risk of vulnerable groups to suicidal behaviors. In order to develop effective and comprehensive suicide prevention strategies, it is crucial to evaluate these differential risk factors and develop culturally appropriate and sensitive interventions and strategies.

2016年，低收入和中等收入国家占全球自杀死亡人数的79%。在低收入和中等收入国家，弱势群体——妇女、性少数群体和难民以及国内流离失所者——有自杀意念、企图和自杀死亡的高风险，但为他们设计有针对性干预措施的信息支离破碎和缺失，因此难以解决现有制度中的差距。本次审查通过绘制地图来突出这些差距:(a)与自杀和自杀行为相关的风险因素，包括在为弱势群体实施有针对性的规划方面面临的挑战;(b)文献记载的中低收入国家有效自杀预防干预措施和策略的建议。方法对文献进行描述性制图复习。三个电子数据库——pubmed, Google Scholar和refworld被搜索特定的关键词。研究人员绘制并回顾了34项关于三个主要弱势群体的自杀和自杀预防的研究。结果:本次审查强调需要对妇女和性少数群体采取针对性别的干预措施，解决基于性别的歧视、获得保健、虐待和暴力问题，而对难民和国内流离失所者来说，关键问题是监测和了解自杀行为，并解决对重新安置的心理和情感反应。结论在中低收入人群中，特定且独特的社会文化和环境因素可能会增加弱势群体的自杀行为风险。为了制定有效和全面的自杀预防策略，评估这些不同的风险因素并制定文化上适当和敏感的干预措施和策略至关重要。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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