{"title":"Emergence of a New Threat in East Asia: Severe Agitation and Suicide Attempts Linked to Etomidate-Infused E-Cigarettes","authors":"Chun-I Liu, I-Ming Chen, Szu-Yung Wang, Chi Chen","doi":"10.1111/appy.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.70001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid cycling (RC) is a special subtype of bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies have rarely involved the investigation of neurological soft signs (NSS) and emotional intelligence (EI) in rapid cycling patients.
Object
This study aims to compare the differences in NSS and EI between patients with RC and non-rapid cycling (NRC) in BD.
Methods
The Cambridge Neurological Inventory and The Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test were used to assess the NSS and EI levels of euthymic patients with BD and healthy controls (HC). Patients were divided into RC and NRC groups.
Results
In terms of NSS, both the RC and NRC groups scored significantly higher than the HC group in the Motor coordination subdomain and total scores. In the Sensory integration subdomain, there was a significant trend of RC group scoring higher than the NRC group, which in turn scored higher than the HC group. In terms of EI, there was a trend of RC group scoring lower than the NRC group, which scored lower than the HC group in the understanding emotions subdomain and MSCEIT total score. In the managing emotions subdomain, the RC group scored lower than the HC group.
Conclusion
Compared to the NRC group, the RC group exhibited higher NSS levels, mainly manifesting in more severe sensory integration impairment. The RC group scored lower in EI, primarily reflected in understanding and managing emotions, and the managing emotions subdomain may serve as a more sensitive indicator to distinguish between the two groups.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Neurological Soft Signs and Emotional Intelligence in Rapid Cycling and Non-Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Feng Yingying, Yang Bo, Zhao Jun","doi":"10.1111/appy.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid cycling (RC) is a special subtype of bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies have rarely involved the investigation of neurological soft signs (NSS) and emotional intelligence (EI) in rapid cycling patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Object</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to compare the differences in NSS and EI between patients with RC and non-rapid cycling (NRC) in BD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Cambridge Neurological Inventory and The Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test were used to assess the NSS and EI levels of euthymic patients with BD and healthy controls (HC). Patients were divided into RC and NRC groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In terms of NSS, both the RC and NRC groups scored significantly higher than the HC group in the Motor coordination subdomain and total scores. In the Sensory integration subdomain, there was a significant trend of RC group scoring higher than the NRC group, which in turn scored higher than the HC group. In terms of EI, there was a trend of RC group scoring lower than the NRC group, which scored lower than the HC group in the understanding emotions subdomain and MSCEIT total score. In the managing emotions subdomain, the RC group scored lower than the HC group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the NRC group, the RC group exhibited higher NSS levels, mainly manifesting in more severe sensory integration impairment. The RC group scored lower in EI, primarily reflected in understanding and managing emotions, and the managing emotions subdomain may serve as a more sensitive indicator to distinguish between the two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
No research to date has examined cross-cultural differences in the pathways to internet gaming disorder (IGD). The current study aimed to address this limitation by examining the relationships between nationality (Singaporeans vs. Australians), culture orientation, gaming motivations, and IGD.
Methods
Participants were 101 Singaporeans (55.4% males) and 98 Australians (52.0% males). They completed the Culture Orientation Scale, the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form.
Results
A series of mediational analyses showed that Singaporeans tend to be more collectivistic (both horizontally and vertically). In turn, this culture orientation motivates them to play games for social reasons, increasing the risk for IGD. In contrast, Australians tend to be more individualistic (vertically only). In turn, this culture orientation motivates them to play games for competitive reasons, increasing the risk for IGD.
Conclusion
Limitations include the use of samples from two countries only, precluding a generalization of the results. Future research directions include examining the role of game genres as a mediator in the nationality-IGD relationship.
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Differences in the Pathways to Internet Gaming Disorder","authors":"Peter K. H. Chew, Patrick K. F. Lin, Yong Jie Yow","doi":"10.1111/appy.12565","DOIUrl":"10.1111/appy.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No research to date has examined cross-cultural differences in the pathways to internet gaming disorder (IGD). The current study aimed to address this limitation by examining the relationships between nationality (Singaporeans vs. Australians), culture orientation, gaming motivations, and IGD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 101 Singaporeans (55.4% males) and 98 Australians (52.0% males). They completed the Culture Orientation Scale, the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire, and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A series of mediational analyses showed that Singaporeans tend to be more collectivistic (both horizontally and vertically). In turn, this culture orientation motivates them to play games for social reasons, increasing the risk for IGD. In contrast, Australians tend to be more individualistic (vertically only). In turn, this culture orientation motivates them to play games for competitive reasons, increasing the risk for IGD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limitations include the use of samples from two countries only, precluding a generalization of the results. Future research directions include examining the role of game genres as a mediator in the nationality-IGD relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/appy.12565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Gui PhD, Qinge Zhang MD, Sha Sha MD, Xiao-Hong Li MD, Zhaohui Su PhD, Teris Cheung PhD, Xi-Ling Cui PhD, Gabor S. Ungvari MD, PhD, Katrine K. Wong PhD, Chee H. Ng MBBS, MD, Feng Yuan MD, Yu-Tao Xiang MD, PhD
Objective
Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and the disruption of antioxidant defenses play an important role in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Studies have found that increased oxidative stress may be associated with cell apoptosis and neuronal damage in BD patients. Hence, this study explored the research field related to BD and oxidative stress from a bibliometrics perspective.
Methods
Literature search and relevant data retrieval based on the Web of Sciences Core Collection (WoSCC). R software (version 4.2.2), VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18), and CiteSpace (version 6.1.6) were used in this bibliometric analysis.
Results
A total of 2081 publications related to BD and oxidative stress were published between 1986 and 2024. Bipolar Disorders was the journal that had the most publications in this area (72; 3.46%; IF = 5.9), while the United States (1285; 61.7%) and the University of Toronto (377; 18.1%) were the most productive country and institution, respectively. Apart from “oxidative stress” and “bipolar disorder,” the most frequently used keywords were “schizophrenia,” “prefrontal cortex,” and “nitric oxide.”
Conclusions
The growing number of publications related to BD and oxidative stress in recent years highlights the importance of this research field. Hot topics in research related to BD and oxidative stress included animal experiments and molecular mechanisms, psychiatric-related inflammation and biomarkers, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolism. Furthermore, the biological mechanisms of BD, particularly biomarkers and inflammation, may be the emerging research priority area in the future.
{"title":"Bipolar disorder and oxidative stress: A bibliometric perspective","authors":"Zhen Gui PhD, Qinge Zhang MD, Sha Sha MD, Xiao-Hong Li MD, Zhaohui Su PhD, Teris Cheung PhD, Xi-Ling Cui PhD, Gabor S. Ungvari MD, PhD, Katrine K. Wong PhD, Chee H. Ng MBBS, MD, Feng Yuan MD, Yu-Tao Xiang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1111/appy.12564","DOIUrl":"10.1111/appy.12564","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and the disruption of antioxidant defenses play an important role in the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Studies have found that increased oxidative stress may be associated with cell apoptosis and neuronal damage in BD patients. Hence, this study explored the research field related to BD and oxidative stress from a bibliometrics perspective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Literature search and relevant data retrieval based on the Web of Sciences Core Collection (WoSCC). R software (version 4.2.2), VOSviewer software (version 1.6.18), and CiteSpace (version 6.1.6) were used in this bibliometric analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2081 publications related to BD and oxidative stress were published between 1986 and 2024. <i>Bipolar Disorders</i> was the journal that had the most publications in this area (72; 3.46%; IF = 5.9), while the United States (1285; 61.7%) and the University of Toronto (377; 18.1%) were the most productive country and institution, respectively. Apart from “oxidative stress” and “bipolar disorder,” the most frequently used keywords were “schizophrenia,” “prefrontal cortex,” and “nitric oxide.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growing number of publications related to BD and oxidative stress in recent years highlights the importance of this research field. Hot topics in research related to BD and oxidative stress included animal experiments and molecular mechanisms, psychiatric-related inflammation and biomarkers, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolism. Furthermore, the biological mechanisms of BD, particularly biomarkers and inflammation, may be the emerging research priority area in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/appy.12564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lien-Chung Wei MD, MPH, Happy Kuy-Lok Tan MD, MPH, MHS
{"title":"Letter to the editor—Reflections on “Total valproate versus free valproate in therapeutic drug monitoring for bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study”","authors":"Lien-Chung Wei MD, MPH, Happy Kuy-Lok Tan MD, MPH, MHS","doi":"10.1111/appy.12562","DOIUrl":"10.1111/appy.12562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaradhana Rukadikar MBA (HR), Komal Khandelwal PhD
{"title":"Harnessing AI as an enabler for access to mental health care services","authors":"Aaradhana Rukadikar MBA (HR), Komal Khandelwal PhD","doi":"10.1111/appy.12557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/appy.12557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yee-Lam E. Chan MD, Wang-Sheng Lin MD, Hui-Chen Lai MS, Chih-Yuan Hung MD, Mao-Hsuan Huang MD
Background
The effectiveness of isolated resistance training (RT) on cognitive function among older adults with schizophrenia is insufficiently investigated. This study investigated the effectiveness of 12-weeks POWER rehabilitation, a novel RT regimen, on cognitive function among older patients with schizophrenia and frailty.
Methods
Thirty-two older adults with schizophrenia and frailty were enrolled and randomized to receive either a 12-week, twice weekly POWER rehabilitation, or without add-on training. Cognitive functioning was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE), digit symbol substitution test, color trail task (CTT), and digit span task (DST). Physical performance was assessed by walking speed and hand grip strength. The generalized estimating equations was used to compare pre- and post-training outcome measure between groups.
Results
Between-group analysis revealed significant improvement in CTT1 and hand grip strength in the intervention group compared to the controls. Subgroup analyses showed CTT1 performance significantly improved after 12 weeks of POWER rehabilitation in the intervention group (time, p < .001), independent of age, educational level, global cognition, depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use. Increased hand grip strength was significantly associated with improved performance in MMSE, CTT1, and DST forward at study endpoint.
Conclusion
A 12-week POWER rehabilitation for older patients with schizophrenia and frailty is safe and feasible, and may benefit physical and some domains of cognitive functioning.
背景：孤立的阻力训练（RT）对老年精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了为期 12 周的 POWER 康复（一种新型 RT 方案）对患有精神分裂症且身体虚弱的老年患者认知功能的影响：32名患有精神分裂症且身体虚弱的老年人被纳入研究，并随机接受为期12周、每周两次的POWER康复训练，或不接受附加训练。认知功能通过小型精神状态检查（MMSE）、数字符号替换测试、颜色追踪任务（CTT）和数字跨度任务（DST）进行评估。体能通过步行速度和手部握力进行评估。采用广义估计方程比较组间训练前后的结果：结果：组间分析显示，与对照组相比，干预组的 CTT1 和手部握力明显提高。分组分析显示，干预组在接受 12 周的 POWER 康复训练后，CTT1 的表现明显改善（时间，P 结论：POWER 康复训练是一种有效的康复训练方法：对患有精神分裂症且体弱的老年患者进行为期 12 周的 POWER 康复训练是安全可行的，而且可能对身体和认知功能的某些方面有益。
{"title":"Changes in cognitive function after a 12-week POWER rehabilitation in older adults with schizophrenia and frailty","authors":"Yee-Lam E. Chan MD, Wang-Sheng Lin MD, Hui-Chen Lai MS, Chih-Yuan Hung MD, Mao-Hsuan Huang MD","doi":"10.1111/appy.12556","DOIUrl":"10.1111/appy.12556","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effectiveness of isolated resistance training (RT) on cognitive function among older adults with schizophrenia is insufficiently investigated. This study investigated the effectiveness of 12-weeks POWER rehabilitation, a novel RT regimen, on cognitive function among older patients with schizophrenia and frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-two older adults with schizophrenia and frailty were enrolled and randomized to receive either a 12-week, twice weekly POWER rehabilitation, or without add-on training. Cognitive functioning was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE), digit symbol substitution test, color trail task (CTT), and digit span task (DST). Physical performance was assessed by walking speed and hand grip strength. The generalized estimating equations was used to compare pre- and post-training outcome measure between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between-group analysis revealed significant improvement in CTT1 and hand grip strength in the intervention group compared to the controls. Subgroup analyses showed CTT1 performance significantly improved after 12 weeks of POWER rehabilitation in the intervention group (time, <i>p</i> < .001), independent of age, educational level, global cognition, depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use. Increased hand grip strength was significantly associated with improved performance in MMSE, CTT1, and DST forward at study endpoint.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 12-week POWER rehabilitation for older patients with schizophrenia and frailty is safe and feasible, and may benefit physical and some domains of cognitive functioning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The debate about observing total versus free serum valproate levels for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been unresolved for decades. This study was planned to assess the agreement between the total versus free valproate levels and the advantage of one method over the other in TDM.
Methods
The present cross-sectional study was done on 93 patients with bipolar disorder. The intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland Altman analysis, and Lin's concordance analysis were done to assess the agreement between the total and free valproate concentrations. Linear and polynomial models were constructed to evaluate the relation between the two measurements. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was done to compare the accuracy for differentiating remission from non-remission on Young's mania rating scale (YMRS).
Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient were 0.491 (p = .002) and 0.055 (95% CI:0.037, 0.073), respectively. Bland Altman's analysis showed proportional bias. A polynomial model of second order was found to be the best fit for the prediction of free valproate from the data for total valproate, and 81.4% of the variability in free valproate could be explained when adjusted for albumin levels. The area under the curve for total valproate was 0.60 when compared to free valproate 0.56 for differentiating between remission and non-remission, but the comparison between the two ROC analyses was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Free valproate does not provide any added advantage over the total valproate levels; hence, total valproate levels may continue to be used as the marker for drug monitoring.
{"title":"Total valproate versus free valproate in therapeutic drug monitoring for bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mullezhath Babu Nimesh Krishna MD, Jyothsna Chinnapura Seetharam MD, Archana Mishra DM, Rituparna Maiti MD, Biswa Ranjan Mishra MD, Anand Srinivasan DM","doi":"10.1111/appy.12555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12555","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The debate about observing total versus free serum valproate levels for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been unresolved for decades. This study was planned to assess the agreement between the total versus free valproate levels and the advantage of one method over the other in TDM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present cross-sectional study was done on 93 patients with bipolar disorder. The intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland Altman analysis, and Lin's concordance analysis were done to assess the agreement between the total and free valproate concentrations. Linear and polynomial models were constructed to evaluate the relation between the two measurements. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was done to compare the accuracy for differentiating remission from non-remission on Young's mania rating scale (YMRS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intraclass correlation coefficient and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient were 0.491 (<i>p</i> = .002) and 0.055 (95% CI:0.037, 0.073), respectively. Bland Altman's analysis showed proportional bias. A polynomial model of second order was found to be the best fit for the prediction of free valproate from the data for total valproate, and 81.4% of the variability in free valproate could be explained when adjusted for albumin levels. The area under the curve for total valproate was 0.60 when compared to free valproate 0.56 for differentiating between remission and non-remission, but the comparison between the two ROC analyses was not statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Free valproate does not provide any added advantage over the total valproate levels; hence, total valproate levels may continue to be used as the marker for drug monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8618,"journal":{"name":"Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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