Atherosclerosis最新文献

英文中文

Nucleic acid liquid biopsies in cardiovascular disease: Cell-free RNA liquid biopsies in cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病中的核酸液体活检：心血管疾病中的无细胞 RNA 液体活检。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118584

Smriti Sharma , Tyler Artner , Klaus T. Preissner , Irene M. Lang

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their complications continue to be the leading cause of mortality globally. With recent advancements in molecular analytics, individualized treatments are gradually applied to the diagnosis and treatment of CVD. In the field of diagnostics, liquid biopsy combined with modern analytical technologies is the most popular natural source to identify disease biomarkers, as has been successfully demonstrated in the cancer field. While it is not easy to obtain any diseased tissue for different types of CVD such as atherosclerosis, deep vein thrombosis or stroke, liquid biopsies provide a simple and non-invasive alternative to surgical tissue specimens to obtain dynamic molecular information reflecting disease states. The release of cell-free ribonucleic acids (cfRNA) from stressed/damaged/dying and/or necrotic cells is a common physiological phenomenon. CfRNAs are a heterogeneous population of various types of extracellular RNA found in body fluids (blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid) or in association with vascular/atherosclerotic tissue, offering insights into disease pathology on a diagnostic front. In particular, cf-ribosomal RNA has been shown to act as a damaging molecule in several cardio-vascular disease conditions. Moreover, such pathophysiological functions of cfRNA in CVD have been successfully antagonized by the administration of RNases. In this review, we discuss the origin, structure, types, and potential utilization of cfRNA in the diagnosis of CVD. Together with the analysis of established CVD biomarkers, the profiling of cfRNA in body fluids may thereby provide a promising approach for early disease detection and monitoring.

心血管疾病（CVD）及其并发症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因。随着分子分析技术的不断进步，个体化治疗逐渐应用于心血管疾病的诊断和治疗。在诊断领域，液体活检与现代分析技术相结合，是确定疾病生物标志物最常用的天然来源，这一点已在癌症领域得到成功验证。虽然获取动脉粥样硬化、深静脉血栓或中风等不同类型心血管疾病的病变组织并不容易，但液体活检为获取反映疾病状态的动态分子信息提供了一种简单、无创的替代手术组织标本的方法。受压/受损/萎缩和/或坏死细胞释放出细胞游离核糖核酸（cfRNA）是一种常见的生理现象。CfRNA 是体液（血液、尿液、唾液、脑脊液）中或与血管/动脉粥样硬化组织相关的各种细胞外 RNA 的异质群，可提供诊断方面的疾病病理信息。特别是，cf-核糖体 RNA 已被证明在几种心血管疾病中起着破坏分子的作用。此外，cfRNA 在心血管疾病中的这些病理生理功能已被 RNase 成功拮抗。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 cfRNA 的起源、结构、类型以及在心血管疾病诊断中的潜在用途。结合对已确定的心血管疾病生物标志物的分析，体液中的 cfRNA 分析可能会为疾病的早期检测和监测提供一种前景广阔的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Coronary artery calcium density progression: Should we measure it? 冠状动脉钙密度进展：我们应该测量它吗？

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118618

Alexander C. Razavi, Roger S. Blumenthal, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, Mahmoud Al Rifai

引用次数: 0

Using artificial intelligence to study atherosclerosis from computed tomography imaging: A state-of-the-art review of the current literature 利用人工智能研究计算机断层扫描成像中的动脉粥样硬化：最新文献综述

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117580

Laura Valentina Klüner, Kenneth Chan, Charalambos Antoniades

With the enormous progress in the field of cardiovascular imaging in recent years, computed tomography (CT) has become readily available to phenotype atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. New analytical methods using artificial intelligence (AI) enable the analysis of complex phenotypic information of atherosclerotic plaques. In particular, deep learning-based approaches using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) facilitate tasks such as lesion detection, segmentation, and classification. New radiotranscriptomic techniques even capture underlying bio-histochemical processes through higher-order structural analysis of voxels on CT images. In the near future, the international large-scale Oxford Risk Factors And Non-invasive Imaging (ORFAN) study will provide a powerful platform for testing and validating prognostic AI-based models. The goal is the transition of these new approaches from research settings into a clinical workflow.

In this review, we present an overview of existing AI-based techniques with focus on imaging biomarkers to determine the degree of coronary inflammation, coronary plaques, and the associated risk. Further, current limitations using AI-based approaches as well as the priorities to address these challenges will be discussed. This will pave the way for an AI-enabled risk assessment tool to detect vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and to guide treatment strategies for patients.

近年来，随着心血管成像领域的巨大进步，计算机断层扫描（CT）已可随时用于冠状动脉粥样硬化疾病的表型分析。利用人工智能（AI）的新分析方法可以分析动脉粥样硬化斑块的复杂表型信息。特别是基于深度学习的卷积神经网络（CNN）方法，有助于完成病变检测、分割和分类等任务。新的放射转录组学技术甚至可以通过对 CT 图像上的体素进行高阶结构分析来捕捉潜在的生物组化过程。在不久的将来，国际大型牛津风险因素和无创成像（ORFAN）研究将为测试和验证基于人工智能的预后模型提供一个强大的平台。在这篇综述中，我们概述了现有的基于人工智能的技术，重点是确定冠状动脉炎症程度、冠状动脉斑块和相关风险的成像生物标志物。此外，我们还将讨论基于人工智能的方法目前存在的局限性以及应对这些挑战的优先事项。这将为人工智能风险评估工具检测易损动脉粥样硬化斑块和指导患者治疗策略铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling human atherosclerotic lesions in the test tube: Are we there yet? 在试管中模拟人类动脉粥样硬化病变：我们成功了吗？

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118560

Mary Gonzalez Melo, Arnold von Eckardstein, Jerome Robert

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherogenesis is a slow and life-long process characterized by the accumulation of lipoproteins and immune cells within the arterial wall. Atherosclerosis has been successfully modeled in animals: However, there are economic, ethical, and translational concerns when using these models. There is also growing recognition of the need for robust human-based in vitro systems that can faithfully recapitulate key aspects of human atherosclerosis. Such systems may offer advantages in terms of scalability, reproducibility, and ability to manipulate specific variables, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and accelerating the development of targeted therapeutics. Leveraging innovative in vitro platforms holds promise in complementing traditional animal models of atherosclerosis. In the present review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of recently developed models of atherosclerosis and propose ideas to be considered when developing future generations of models.

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。动脉粥样硬化的发生是一个缓慢而漫长的过程，其特点是脂蛋白和免疫细胞在动脉壁上的积聚。动脉粥样硬化已成功地在动物身上建模：然而，在使用这些模型时存在经济、伦理和转化方面的问题。越来越多的人认识到，需要能忠实再现人类动脉粥样硬化关键方面的稳健的人基体外系统。这类系统在可扩展性、可重复性和操纵特定变量的能力方面具有优势，从而有助于加深对疾病机制的理解，加快靶向治疗药物的开发。利用创新的体外平台有望补充传统的动脉粥样硬化动物模型。在本综述中，我们讨论了最近开发的动脉粥样硬化模型的优缺点，并提出了在开发下一代模型时应考虑的想法。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering next generation vascularized organoids 下一代血管化类器官构建体的工程设计

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118529

Nicolas Werschler , Clement Quintard , Stephanie Nguyen , Josef Penninger

Organoids are self-organizing 3D cell culture models that are valuable for studying the mechanisms underlying both development and disease in multiple species, particularly, in humans. These 3D engineered tissues can mimic the structure and function of human organs in vitro. Methods to generate organoids have substantially improved to better resemble, in various ways, their in vivo counterpart. One of the major limitations in current organoid models is the lack of a functional vascular compartment. Here we discuss methodological approaches to generating perfusable blood vessel networks in organoid systems. Inclusion of perfused vascular compartments markedly enhances the physiological relevance of organoid systems and is a critical step in the establishment of next generation, higher-complexity in vitro systems for use in developmental, clinical, and drug-development settings.

器官组织是一种自组织三维细胞培养模型，对于研究多种物种（尤其是人类）的发育和疾病的内在机制非常有价值。这些三维工程组织可以在体外模拟人体器官的结构和功能。生成器官组织的方法已经有了很大改进，在不同方面与体内器官组织更加相似。目前类器官模型的主要局限之一是缺乏功能性血管区。在此，我们将讨论在类器官系统中生成可灌注血管网络的方法。加入灌注血管区明显提高了类器官系统的生理相关性，是建立下一代更复杂的体外系统的关键一步，可用于发育、临床和药物开发环境。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Rising to the challenge of cardio-renal-metabolic disease in the 21st century: Translating evidence into best clinical practice to prevent and manage atherosclerosis” [Atherosclerosis, Vol 396, (September 2024), 118528] 更正："迎接 21 世纪心肾代谢疾病的挑战：将证据转化为预防和控制动脉粥样硬化的最佳临床实践"[《动脉粥样硬化》，第 396 卷，（2024 年 9 月），第 118528 页]。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118610

International Cardiometabolic Working Group, Andrew Krentz , Stephan Jacob , Christian Heiss , Naveed Sattar , Soo Lim , Kamlesh Khunti , Robert H. Eckel

引用次数: 0

Progression of coronary artery calcium density and major adverse cardiovascular events 冠状动脉钙密度的进展与主要不良心血管事件。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118593

Qingchao Meng, Li Zhao, Na Zhao, Yunqiang An, Bin Lu , Yang Gao

Background and aims

We aimed to investigate the relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) density progression and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and the prognostic value of CAC density progression.

Methods

Patients with serial CAC scans were enrolled in this study. CAC density was directly measured in calcified lesions. Change and rate of progression of CAC density were calculated. Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for time to MACE regarding CAC density. The incremental prognostic value and the reclassification ability of CAC density progression were evaluated using the C-index and continuous net reclassification index (NRI).

Results

304 patients (57.86 ± 9.47 years, 69.4 % male) were included. There were 47 MACE over a follow–up period of 76.00 (56.00–95.00) months. After adjustment for risk factors and CAC volume, the change of CAC density was inversely associated with MACE (per 10HU: HR: 0.956, 95 % confidence interval: 0.920–0.992, p = 0.018). Adding the change of CAC density to risk factors and baseline CAC density improved the C-index (0.694 vs. 0.678, p = 0.026). Adding the change of CAC density improved reclassification of MACE compared with risk factors and baseline CAC density [NRI = 0.432 (0.016–0.789)].

Conclusions

CAC density progression is inversely associated with MACE. The addition of the change of CAC density improves prognostic value compared to baseline risk factors and CAC density and optimizes risk reclassification.

背景与目的我们旨在研究冠状动脉钙化（CAC）密度进展与主要不良心血管事件（MACE）之间的关系，以及CAC密度进展的预后价值：本研究招募了接受连续 CAC 扫描的患者。方法：本研究招募了接受连续 CAC 扫描的患者，直接测量钙化病灶的 CAC 密度。计算CAC密度的变化和进展率。利用 Cox 比例危险回归估算出 CAC 密度与 MACE 发生时间的危险比 (HRs)。使用C指数和连续净再分类指数（NRI）评估了CAC密度进展的增量预后价值和再分类能力：共纳入 304 名患者（57.86 ± 9.47 岁，69.4% 为男性）。在76.00（56.00-95.00）个月的随访期间，共有47例MACE。在对风险因素和 CAC 容量进行调整后，CAC 密度的变化与 MACE 呈反比（每 10HU HR：0.956，95 % 置信区间：0.920-0.992，p = 0.018）。在风险因素和基线 CAC 密度的基础上增加 CAC 密度的变化，可改善 C 指数（0.694 vs. 0.678，p = 0.026）。与危险因素和基线CAC密度相比，增加CAC密度变化可改善MACE的再分类[NRI = 0.432 (0.016-0.789)] ：结论：CAC密度的增加与MACE成反比。结论：CAC密度的变化与MACE成反比。与基线风险因素和CAC密度相比，CAC密度的变化提高了预后价值，并优化了风险再分类。

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引用次数: 0

The dual role of lipids in chronic kidney disease: Pathogenic culprits and therapeutic allies 血脂在慢性肾病中的双重作用：致病元凶与治疗盟友。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118615

Elena Giardini , Dean Moore , Denise Sadlier , Catherine Godson , Eoin Brennan

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health burden, with rising incidence and prevalence, attributed in part to increasing obesity and diabetes rates. Lipid accumulation in the kidney parenchyma and chronic, low-grade inflammation are believed to significantly contribute to the development and progression of CKD. The effect of dysregulated kidney lipid metabolism in CKD progression, including altered cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism contribute to glomerular and tubular cell injury through the activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling cascades. In contrast, classes of endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) have been described that act to limit the inflammatory response and promote the resolution of inflammation. This review highlights our current understanding of how lipids can cause damage within the kidney, and classes of protective lipid metabolites that offer therapeutic benefits.

慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一种严重的健康负担，其发病率和流行率不断上升，部分原因是肥胖和糖尿病发病率不断增加。肾脏实质中的脂质积累和慢性低度炎症被认为是导致慢性肾脏病发生和发展的重要原因。在慢性肾功能衰竭进展过程中，肾脏脂质代谢失调的影响，包括胆固醇和脂肪酸代谢的改变，通过激活氧化应激和炎症信号级联，导致肾小球和肾小管细胞损伤。与此形成鲜明对比的是，内源性特异性促进炎症消解脂质介质（SPMs）的作用是限制炎症反应和促进炎症消解。本综述重点介绍了我们目前对脂质如何在肾脏内造成损害的认识，以及具有治疗作用的保护性脂质代谢物类别。

引用次数: 0

Metabolites derived from radical oxidation of PUFA: NEO-PUFAs, promising molecules for health? 由 PUFA 自由基氧化产生的代谢物：NEO-PUFAs，有望促进健康的分子？

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118600

Anna Abramova , Jamie Bride , Camille Oger , Marie Demion , Jean-Marie Galano , Thierry Durand , Jérôme Roy

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in numerous pathological processes. Under these stress conditions, the free radical-catalyzed lipid peroxidation generates in vivo a large number of key products that are involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Among these products are neuroprostanes, which arise from the peroxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and isoprostanes, resulting from arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) through the same peroxidation process. These non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites newly appointed NEO-PUFAs have gained recognition as reliable markers of oxidative stress in neurogenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, some of them display a wide range of biological activities. The ability to detect and measure these metabolites offers precious insights into the mechanisms of oxidative damage and holds potential therapeutic implications for various health conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on the role of neuroprostanes as biomarkers for oxidative stress and related diseases, highlighting their potential applications in medical research and treatment.

氧化应激在许多病理过程中起着至关重要的作用。在这些应激条件下，自由基催化的脂质过氧化反应会在体内产生大量参与许多生理和病理生理过程的关键产物。这些产物包括由二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）过氧化反应产生的神经前列素，以及由花生四烯酸（AA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）通过相同的过氧化反应过程产生的异前列素。这些新命名为 NEO-PUFAs 的非酶含氧代谢物已被公认为神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病中氧化应激的可靠标志物。此外，其中一些还具有广泛的生物活性。检测和测量这些代谢物的能力为了解氧化损伤的机制提供了宝贵的视角，并对包括神经退行性疾病在内的各种健康状况具有潜在的治疗意义。这篇综述重点探讨了神经前列素作为氧化应激和相关疾病生物标记物的作用，强调了它们在医学研究和治疗中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Nucleic acid liquid biopsies in cardiovascular disease: Cell-free DNA liquid biopsies in cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病中的核酸液体活检：心血管疾病中的无细胞 DNA 液体活检。

IF 4.9 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Atherosclerosis

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118583

Tyler Artner, Smriti Sharma, Irene M. Lang

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and despite treatment efforts, cardiovascular function cannot always be restored, and progression of disease be prevented. Critical insights are oftentimes based on tissue samples. Current knowledge of tissue pathology typically relies on invasive biopsies or postmortem samples. Liquid biopsies, which assess circulating mediators to deduce the histology and pathology of distant tissues, have been advancing rapidly in cancer research and offer a promising approach to be translated to the understanding and treatment of CVD. The widely understood elevations in cell-free DNA during acute and chronic cardiovascular conditions, associate with disease, severity, and offer prognostic value. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and circulating nucleases in thrombosis provide a solid rationale for liquid biopsies in CVD. cfDNA originates from various tissue types and cellular sources, including mitochondria and nuclei, and can be used to trace cell and tissue type lineage, as well as to gain insight into the activation status of cells. This article discusses the origin, structure, and potential utility of cfDNA, offering a deeper and less invasive approach for the understanding of the complexities of CVD.

心血管疾病（CVD）是导致全球死亡的主要原因，尽管已经进行了治疗，但心血管功能并不总能恢复，疾病的恶化也无法预防。关键的见解往往基于组织样本。目前的组织病理学知识通常依赖于侵入性活检或死后样本。液体活检通过评估循环介质来推断远处组织的组织学和病理学，在癌症研究领域进展迅速，为了解和治疗心血管疾病提供了一种前景广阔的方法。众所周知，在急性和慢性心血管疾病期间，游离细胞 DNA 的升高与疾病、严重程度有关，并具有预后价值。中性粒细胞胞外捕获物（NET）和循环核酸酶在血栓形成中的作用为在心血管疾病中进行液体活检提供了可靠的依据。cfDNA 来源于不同的组织类型和细胞来源，包括线粒体和细胞核，可用于追踪细胞和组织类型的血统，并深入了解细胞的活化状态。本文讨论了 cfDNA 的起源、结构和潜在用途，为了解心血管疾病的复杂性提供了一种更深入、创伤更小的方法。

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