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Batmobile—Using Nocturnal Drone Imagery to Assess the Habitat Use and Population Size of a Tropical Island-Endemic Flying-Fox 蝙蝠车-利用夜间无人机图像评估热带岛屿特有飞狐的栖息地利用和种群规模
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70147
A. Dorrestein, E. M. McCarthy, J. M. Martin, S. H. Yabsley, J. A. Welbergen

Members of the Pteropus genus (flying-foxes; fruit bats) occur predominantly on tropical islands, where they fulfil critical ecological roles as pollinators and seed dispersers; however, most of these species are under threat and sound population monitoring is an urgent requirement. Pteropus natalis (Christmas Island flying-fox) is classified as critically endangered and is the sole remaining endemic mammal on Christmas Island. The conservation management of this species has been hindered by difficulties in reliably monitoring its population due to challenging terrain and the species' behaviour. In this study, we used nocturnal drone-acquired thermal video imagery to detect P. natalis while foraging. Using a stratified random sampling method, we surveyed 43 5-ha plots across six vegetation types on Christmas Island. Pteropus natalis were detected most frequently in perennial wetlands, aligning with known habitat preferences. Extrapolating detections across the total area of each habitat type yielded a population estimate of 4441 (±64.0 SE), aligning with recent estimates obtained from a range of more labour-intensive methods. Our findings highlight the potential utility of nocturnal thermal drone surveys for monitoring population sizes and habitat use of island endemic flying-foxes, offering a scalable and efficient alternative to traditional survey methods for this ecologically important group.

狐蝠属的成员(飞狐;果蝠)主要出现在热带岛屿上,在那里它们作为传粉者和种子传播者发挥着重要的生态作用;然而,这些物种大多受到威胁,迫切需要进行良好的种群监测。圣诞岛狐被列为极度濒危动物,是圣诞岛上唯一的地方性哺乳动物。由于具有挑战性的地形和物种的行为,难以可靠地监测其种群,从而阻碍了该物种的保护管理。在这项研究中,我们使用夜间无人机采集的热视频图像来检测采食时的天竺葵。采用分层随机抽样方法,对圣诞岛6种植被类型的43个5-ha样地进行了调查。多年生湿地中最常见的是天然翼龙,这与已知的生境偏好一致。在每种生境类型的总面积中进行外推,得出的种群估计值为4441(±64.0 SE),与最近通过一系列劳动密集型方法获得的估计值一致。我们的研究结果强调了夜间热无人机调查在监测岛屿特有狐蝠种群规模和栖息地使用方面的潜在效用,为这一生态重要群体提供了一种可扩展和有效的替代传统调查方法。
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引用次数: 0
Looking Back to Plan for the Future: A Short History of Systematic Conservation Planning and Its Increasing Importance in Abating Earth's Biodiversity Crisis 回顾未来的规划:系统保护规划的简史及其在缓解地球生物多样性危机中的日益重要作用
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70157
Vanessa M. Adams, Hedley S. Grantham, James E. M. Watson

The Convention on Biological Diversity Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) was endorsed in 2022. This framework was designed to guide biodiversity conservation efforts globally, to not just halt the loss of biodiversity but to improve it. The emerging prominence of spatial planning as a means to these lofty ends is notable in the KM-GBF, as it requires signatories to ensure that all areas within a country are under Participatory Integrated Biodiversity Inclusive Spatial Planning (PI-BISP) to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance and ecosystems of high integrity close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities (Target 1). Furthermore, there are spatial planning requirements in at least a further five targets which guide on-the-ground management and broader policy for protecting, conserving, managing, and restoring nature. Here, we review the history and context of systematic conservation planning, as a discipline born out of an application (and subsequent publication) by Jamie Kirkpatrick in 1983 across the central east coast of Tasmania. In doing so we consider the planning theory which influenced systematic conservation planning, the tools which have been developed to bridge plans and implementation, and forward-looking innovations needed to deliver on the KM-GBF goals.

《生物多样性公约昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(KM-GBF)于2022年通过。该框架旨在指导全球生物多样性保护工作,不仅要阻止生物多样性的丧失,还要改善生物多样性。在KM-GBF中,空间规划作为实现这些崇高目标的手段日益突出,这一点值得注意,因为它要求签署国确保一个国家的所有地区都在参与式生物多样性包容性综合空间规划(PI-BISP)之下,以在尊重土著人民和当地社区权利的同时,到2030年使生物多样性重要性高的地区和高度完整性的生态系统的损失接近于零(目标1)。此外,至少在另外五个目标中有空间规划要求,这些目标指导了保护、养护、管理和恢复自然的实地管理和更广泛的政策。在这里,我们回顾了系统保护规划的历史和背景,作为一门学科,起源于1983年杰米·柯克帕特里克(Jamie Kirkpatrick)在塔斯马尼亚州中部东海岸的一份申请(并随后发表)。在此过程中,我们考虑了影响系统保护规划的规划理论,已经开发的连接规划和实施的工具,以及实现KM-GBF目标所需的前瞻性创新。
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引用次数: 0
Bird-Arthropod Interactions in Fragmented Agroecosystem Landscapes: Possible Effects on Coffee Traits 破碎农业生态系统景观中鸟类与节肢动物的相互作用:对咖啡性状的可能影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70150
Jonathan S. Igua-Muñoz, Carolina Ramos-Montaño, Sandra L. Vega-Cabra, Jairo A. Camacho-Reyes

Trophic interactions between birds, arthropods and plants are expected to be altered by anthropogenic factors, particularly in tropical mountain agroecosystems, where fragmentation affects ecological networks. However, little is known about how changes in forest cover influence insectivorous bird diversity and, in turn, affect arthropod communities and coffee crop productivity. In this study, we investigated how the extent of natural and semi-natural forest cover impacts bird-arthropod interactions and coffee plant traits in the Colombian Andes by combining bird and arthropod censuses, diet analysis and exclusion experiments. For 6 months, we conducted standardised mist-net bird sampling and faecal analyses to assess bird diets in coffee plantations, and we implemented bird exclusion treatments in four farms with varying forest cover. We assessed arthropod communities and vegetative and reproductive traits of Coffea arabica (Castillo variety) in both control and bird-excluded plants. We recorded 56 insectivorous bird species, with higher diversity and food web functionality in farms with greater forest cover. Key insectivorous birds, such as the Spot-breasted Woodpecker (Colaptes punctigula) and the Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus), primarily consumed arthropods from the orders Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. Bird exclusion increased arthropod biomass by 330%, species diversity by 33.4%, and abundance by 78.7% compared to control plants. Reproductive traits of coffee plants, such as fruit number, seed weight, fruit diameter and sugar content, were negatively associated with arthropod biomass and abundance but positively correlated with the abundance of predatory arthropods. These results supported the hypothesis that the greater the extent of forest cover, the greater the diversity of birds forming the insectivory network, and that coffee plants from which birds are excluded exhibit higher abundance or biomass of phytophagous arthropods, thereby affecting foliar and reproductive traits. The study underscores the importance of preserving natural and semi-natural forest remnants as safe habitats for insectivorous birds in coffee plantations.

鸟类、节肢动物和植物之间的营养相互作用预计将受到人为因素的改变,特别是在热带山地农业生态系统中,那里的破碎化影响着生态网络。然而,对于森林覆盖的变化如何影响食虫鸟类的多样性,进而影响节肢动物群落和咖啡作物的生产力,人们知之甚少。本研究采用鸟类和节肢动物普查、饮食分析和排除实验相结合的方法,研究了哥伦比亚安第斯山脉天然和半天然森林覆盖范围对鸟类-节肢动物相互作用和咖啡植物性状的影响。在6个月的时间里,我们对咖啡种植园的鸟类进行了标准化的雾网采样和粪便分析,以评估鸟类的饮食,并在4个森林覆盖率不同的农场实施了鸟类隔离处理。本研究评估了卡斯蒂略(Castillo)品种阿拉比卡咖啡(Coffea arabica)的节肢动物群落、营养和生殖性状。我们记录了56种食虫鸟类,它们在森林覆盖率高的农场中具有更高的多样性和食物网功能。主要的食虫鸟类,如斑胸啄木鸟(Colaptes punctigula)和金冠莺(Basileuterus culicivorus),主要食用膜翅目和鞘翅目的节肢动物。与对照植物相比,节肢动物生物量增加330%,物种多样性增加33.4%,丰度增加78.7%。咖啡树的果实数、种子重、果实直径和含糖量与节肢动物生物量和丰度呈负相关,与掠食性节肢动物丰度呈正相关。这些结果支持了一个假设,即森林覆盖范围越大,形成昆虫网络的鸟类的多样性就越大,并且没有鸟类的咖啡树具有更高的植物食性节肢动物丰度或生物量,从而影响叶片和生殖性状。这项研究强调了保护自然和半自然森林遗迹作为咖啡种植园中食虫鸟类安全栖息地的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Frog Diversity in Central Amazonian Macrophyte Beds: The Role of Local Environmental Gradients 亚马逊中部大型植物床的青蛙多样性:局部环境梯度的作用
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70151
Mahima Hemnani, Pedro Henrique Salomão Ganança, Rubia Neris Machado, Rafael de Fraga, Igor Luis Kaefer

Ecological assemblages can be shaped by neutral, niche-based processes, or a combination of both. Understanding the influence of these processes and evaluating diversity measures based on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic metrics on the structure of ecological assemblages can show patterns and unravel community assembly mechanisms. Anurans represent a large part of the diversity of vertebrates in tropical environments and are a key group in assessing diversity patterns at different spatial scales. They can be terrestrial, aquatic and found in macrophyte meadows, which are aquatic and semiaquatic rooted or freely floating plants, that provide shelter, feeding, reproduction, spawning and nursery habitats for many organisms, including anurans, and can promote faunal long-distance dispersal and gene flow. Given that macrophyte meadows can influence the structure of anuran diversity, our study aimed to test the roles of spatial and environmental factors on the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages found in floating meadows. Our study was held at Catalão Lake, Central Amazonia. Sampling on fifty 50 × 5 m plots occurred during the flood period, in macrophyte banks distributed throughout the lake. Geographical and environmental variables were measured at six equidistant points in each plot. We showed that macrophyte height influences taxonomic α diversity; macrophyte height and nearest margin distance influence taxonomic β diversity; water pH influences functional α diversity; and macrophyte height and nearest margin distance influence phylogenetic α diversity. Our study also suggests that geographic distances do not influence the anuran assemblage. We conclude that the anuran assemblages from this lake are niche-structured. Anurans, known for their limited dispersal capabilities, are influenced by the surrounding environmental conditions. Given that macrophytes are considered habitat patches for anurans, spatial processes have a limited impact in this environment.

生态组合可以通过中性的、基于生态位的过程或两者的结合来形成。了解这些过程的影响,并基于分类、功能和系统发育指标评估多样性措施对生态组合结构的影响,可以揭示群落组合的模式和机制。无尾动物代表了热带环境中脊椎动物多样性的很大一部分,是评估不同空间尺度上多样性格局的关键类群。它们可以是陆生的、水生的和在大型植物草甸中发现的,这些草甸是水生和半水生的有根或自由漂浮的植物,为包括无尾动物在内的许多生物提供庇护、喂养、繁殖、产卵和苗圃栖息地,并能促进动物的长距离传播和基因流动。鉴于大型草甸能够影响无尾猿多样性结构,本研究旨在探讨空间和环境因素对漂浮草甸无尾猿类群分类、功能和系统发育多样性的影响。我们的研究在亚马逊中部的catal o湖进行。在洪水期间,在分布于整个湖泊的大型植物河岸上取样50个50 × 5 m的样地。在每个地块的六个等距点测量地理和环境变量。结果表明:植物高度影响α多样性;植物高度和最近边缘距离影响分类β多样性;pH值影响功能α多样性;植物高度和最近边缘距离影响系统发育α多样性。我们的研究也表明地理距离不影响anuran的组合。我们得出结论,该湖的anuran组合为生态位结构。Anurans以其有限的传播能力而闻名,受周围环境条件的影响。考虑到大型植物被认为是无尾动物的栖息地斑块,空间过程对这种环境的影响有限。
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引用次数: 0
Myrtle Rust Continues to Blight Subtropical Rainforest Trees: Strategies for Resurrecting the Living Dead 桃金娘锈病继续枯萎亚热带雨林树木:复活活死人的策略
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70155
Roderick J. Fensham, Damian Butler, Brandan Espe, Isabella J. Paxton, Julian Radford-Smith, Spencer Shaw

Following identification of rainforest tree species at imminent risk of extinction from the myrtle rust disease in Australia further field data is presented to provide an update of impacts. A recently described species Rhodamnia zombi is added to the list of 16 species classified as Category X, that is, potentially Critically Endangered according to Red Listing criteria as a result of decline from the impacts of myrtle rust. Monitoring data demonstrates that one of the last remaining wild populations of Rhodomyrtus psidioides of mature trees has collapsed. One of three suspected clonal clumps of Rhodamnia rubescens has declined and another two survive despite evidence of the disease on new growth. A conservation strategy to recover Category X species involves: (1) Searching for and propagating individuals from the wild displaying tolerance; (2) Establishing plants in sites where they are safe from myrtle rust; (3) Undergoing genetic analysis to ensure wild diversity is represented; (4) Maintaining plants to produce seed; (5) Nursery screening of seedlings for myrtle rust resistant genotypes; (6) Screening field plantings for verification of resistant genotypes; (7) Rewilding resistant strains; Examples of successful ex situ cultivation in myrtle rust free settings or with fungicide application are collated and engender hope that this intensive strategy can succeed.

在确定了澳大利亚因桃金娘锈病而濒临灭绝的雨林树种之后,提出了进一步的实地数据,以提供最新的影响。由于桃金娘锈病的影响,一种最近发现的物种罗丹尼亚僵尸被添加到16种被分类为X类的物种名单中,也就是说,根据红色名录标准,由于桃金娘锈病的影响,潜在的极度濒危物种正在减少。监测数据表明,最后仅存的野生成年树红荆种群之一已经崩溃。三株疑似红罗丹尼亚克隆丛中的一株已经下降,另外两株存活,尽管有证据表明新生长的疾病。恢复X类物种的保护策略包括:(1)在野外寻找并繁殖具有耐受性的个体;(二)在不受桃金娘锈病危害的地点种植;(3)进行遗传分析,确保野生生物多样性得到体现;(四)维持植物产生种子;(5)桃金娘抗锈病基因型苗圃筛选;(6)筛选田间种植,验证抗性基因型;(7)重新野化耐药菌株;本文整理了在无锈病环境下或使用杀菌剂的桃金娘移地栽培成功的实例,并提出了这种集约化策略能够成功的希望。
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引用次数: 0
Pelletised Seeding Improves Seed Retention in Acacia decurrens : Implications for Ecological Restoration 粒化播种提高金合欢种子保持性:对生态恢复的启示
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70158
Samantha E. Andres, Tony Chen, Charlotte Mills

Seed loss attributed to predation poses a significant barrier to effective seed-based revegetation efforts. Given that seed is an expensive and finite resource, optimising its inclusion in ecological restoration is essential toward meeting ambitious targets for nature repair. Pelletised seeding can help protect native seeds and improve germination and establishment; yet exploration of how pellets influence post-dispersal seed retention remains understudied. Here, we tested the efficacy of pelletised seeding on seed removal using Acacia decurrens as a model. Using a field trial replicated across three sites, we performed two experiments. First, we measured seed retention among seeds provided in a pellet compared to seeds without any modification. Second, we tested whether additional anti-predator amendments could be added to the pellets to further improve seed retention. Seed retention was 42% higher in pellets relative to untreated seed. However, the addition of anti-predator amendments demonstrated minimal added benefit. These results demonstrate that pelletised seed delivery methods may improve the efficacy of seed use in ecological restoration by improving seed retention at sites where revegetation is required.

由于捕食造成的种子损失对有效的以种子为基础的植被恢复工作构成了重大障碍。鉴于种子是一种昂贵而有限的资源,优化其在生态恢复中的应用对于实现雄心勃勃的自然修复目标至关重要。粒化播种有利于保护本地种子,提高种子萌发和成活率;然而,颗粒如何影响传播后种子保留的探索仍未得到充分研究。本研究以金合欢为模型,对颗粒化种子的除籽效果进行了实验研究。通过在三个地点重复的现场试验,我们进行了两个实验。首先,我们测量了颗粒中提供的种子与未经任何修饰的种子之间的种子保留率。其次,我们测试了是否可以在颗粒中添加额外的抗捕食者修正案,以进一步提高种子保留率。与未处理的种子相比,颗粒中的种子保留率提高了42%。然而,反捕食者修正案的加入显示出最小的附加效益。这些结果表明,颗粒种子输送方法可以通过提高种子在需要植被恢复的地点的保留率来提高种子在生态恢复中的利用效率。
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引用次数: 0
Landscape Connectivity and Bird Communities in Fragmented Butiá Palm Groves 碎片化<s:1>棕榈林景观连通性与鸟类群落
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70156
Matilde Alfaro, Mariana Illarze, Matías Zarucki, Ignacio Lado, Matías Arim, Ana Inés Borthagaray

Butiá palm forests in South America represent an emblematic system that contains a poorly known biodiversity. These ecosystems are very fragmented due to agricultural practices that prevent regeneration and limit access to these ecosystems for many species. The transport of seeds by birds can connect patches of palm forests, facilitating a spatial network of fruit consumers. In this work, we evaluate the role of bird traits, individual palm traits, density, and spatial connectivity on the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds visiting palm forests. Through the use of camera traps during the fruiting period (February 2019 to May 2019), the richness and interaction of birds were recorded following a stratified sampling according to connectivity and distance to other ecosystems. Twenty-seven species of birds use palm trees. Isolation, palm density, fruit abundance, palm height, and forest distance were associated with the richness and activity of bird species. These results indicate that landscape alterations can change the spatial pattern of fruit consumption by bird species and the source-sink dynamics among palm ecosystems. We also found that two different bird assemblages consume fruits on the ground or in the canopy, and that these assemblages are shaped by palm traits, landscape connectivity, and bird traits. Therefore, two different and complementary networks are involved in the consumption of palm fruits. These results advance our understanding of frugivorous networks in general and support the management of these threatened palm ecosystems.

但南美洲的棕榈林代表了一个象征性的系统,其中包含了鲜为人知的生物多样性。由于农业实践阻碍了生态系统的再生并限制了许多物种进入这些生态系统,这些生态系统非常分散。鸟类的种子运输可以连接棕榈林的斑块,促进水果消费者的空间网络。在本研究中,我们评估了鸟类性状、个体棕榈性状、密度和空间连通性对棕榈林鸟类分类和功能多样性的影响。通过在结果期(2019年2月至2019年5月)使用相机陷阱,根据与其他生态系统的连通性和距离进行分层抽样,记录了鸟类的丰富度和相互作用。27种鸟类以棕榈树为食。隔离度、棕榈密度、果实丰度、棕榈高度和林距与鸟类丰富度和活动度相关。这些结果表明,景观改变可以改变鸟类水果消费的空间格局和棕榈生态系统的源库动态。我们还发现,两种不同的鸟类群落消耗地面或树冠上的果实,这些群落由棕榈特征、景观连通性和鸟类特征决定。因此,两个不同且互补的网络参与了棕榈果实的消费。这些结果促进了我们对果食性网络的理解,并为这些受威胁的棕榈生态系统的管理提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Dominant Habitats on Termite Species Diversity and Community Structure in the Brazilian Savanna 优势生境对巴西热带草原白蚁物种多样性和群落结构的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70154
Yuri Souza, Abbey R. Yatsko, Reginaldo Constantino, Amy Zanne

The termite species composition across landscapes is strongly influenced by habitat structure and heterogeneity, which in turn shape the dynamics of termite diversity at various spatial scales. Understanding how habitat structure influences termite species is important for predicting their interactions and responses to changes in their ecosystems. In this study, we investigated how termite species and feeding group richness, diversity and community structure varied across five distinct savanna habitats of the Brazilian Savanna. We expected that more heterogeneous habitats would host a greater diversity of termite species, and more structurally dissimilar habitats would have more dissimilar termites. We sampled across five savanna habitats across three disparate locations for a total of 15 areas, searching for termites using established sampling protocols. We described the five savanna habitats based on soil properties (water gravimetric content and pH), vegetation structure and vegetation cover indexes characterised from drone images. Our findings indicated that habitat heterogeneity was a significant driver of termite diversity. Higher termite species richness and diversity were observed in more structurally complex and heterogeneous habitats, such as woody savannas. We also noted a high dissimilarity in termite species richness among the habitats, but only slight similarity in terms of feeding group composition. Overall, we showed substantial shifts in termite species composition and diversity between open and woody habitats, as well as between dry and wet environments, and demonstrated the highest termite species diversity in woody and dry habitats. These findings highlight that habitat heterogeneity influences termite dynamics in the Brazilian Savanna and that changes in habitat structure can significantly alter termite communities.

景观白蚁物种组成受生境结构和异质性的强烈影响,从而决定了不同空间尺度上白蚁多样性的动态。了解栖息地结构如何影响白蚁物种,对于预测白蚁对生态系统变化的相互作用和反应具有重要意义。本文研究了巴西热带稀树草原五种不同生境白蚁种类、摄食类群丰富度、多样性和群落结构的变化。异质生境的白蚁种类多样性越大,结构异质生境的白蚁种类越多。我们在三个不同地点的五个热带稀树草原栖息地取样,总共取样了15个地区,使用既定的采样协议寻找白蚁。我们基于土壤特性(水的重力含量和pH值)、植被结构和无人机图像特征的植被覆盖指数描述了五种稀树草原栖息地。生境异质性是白蚁多样性的重要驱动因素。在结构更为复杂和异质性的生境中,如木本稀树草原,白蚁物种丰富度和多样性较高。不同生境间白蚁种类丰富度差异较大,摄食类群组成差异较小。总体而言,我们发现白蚁的物种组成和多样性在开放和木质生境以及干燥和潮湿环境之间发生了实质性的变化,并且在木质和干燥生境中白蚁的物种多样性最高。这些研究结果表明,巴西热带稀树草原的生境异质性影响白蚁的动态,生境结构的变化可以显著改变白蚁群落。
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引用次数: 0
Habitat Expansion, but Population Isolation. The Impact of Climate Change on an Endemic Frog of Patagonia 栖息地扩张,但人口隔离。气候变化对巴塔哥尼亚特有蛙类的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70149
Facundo Leonel De los Santos, David Gustavo Vera, Melisa Celia Jazmín Rolón, Germán Tettamanti, Rodrigo Calvo, Sofía Jones, Damián Fortunato, Federico Pablo Kacoliris, Melina Alicia Velasco, Diego Omar Di Pietro

The Rio Negro Frog (Atelognathus nitoi) is an amphibian species endemic to Patagonia, shared between Argentina and Chile. Currently, it is classified as Vulnerable (IUCN) and is mainly threatened by anthropogenic pressures such as habitat alteration and climate change. Due to its life history and habitat requirements, primarily determined by temperature and precipitation, climate change may particularly influence the species' distribution. We evaluated how climate change may affect geographic range by producing a Species Distribution Model (SDM), generating a habitat suitability map and calculating its Extent of Occurrence (EOO). Projections were made for the period 2041–2060 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, representing optimistic and pessimistic climate change scenarios, respectively. A set of five atmosphere–ocean general circulation models was used to reduce uncertainty. We evaluated the degree of connectivity of the lagoons with records of the species by applying Lin's functional linkage index, allowing comparisons in terms of their relative importance for the system's connectivity. Our results indicate an increase in suitability area over time, with a westward distribution shift in future scenarios. However, local extinctions are projected at the northern and southern margins of the species' range. Therefore, although the EOO is expected to expand, the species' life-cycle characteristics, limited dispersal capacity and low connectivity between the populations analysed should be taken into account when planning conservation actions.

黑蛙(Atelognathus nitoi)是巴塔哥尼亚特有的两栖动物物种,位于阿根廷和智利之间。目前,它被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)列为易危物种,主要受到栖息地改变和气候变化等人为压力的威胁。由于其生活史和栖息地需求主要由温度和降水决定,气候变化可能特别影响该物种的分布。本文通过建立物种分布模型(SDM)、生成生境适宜性图并计算其发生范围(EOO)来评估气候变化对地理范围的影响。在共享社会经济路径SSP1-2.6和SSP5-8.5下分别对2041-2060年进行了乐观和悲观气候变化情景的预估。一套5个大气-海洋环流模式被用来减少不确定性。我们利用Lin的功能联系指数来评估泻湖与物种记录的连通性程度,从而比较它们对系统连通性的相对重要性。我们的研究结果表明,随着时间的推移,适宜性面积增加,未来情景的分布将向西转移。然而,预计在物种分布范围的北部和南部边缘会有局部灭绝。因此,尽管EOO有望扩大,但在规划保护行动时应考虑物种的生命周期特征、有限的扩散能力和所分析种群之间的低连通性。
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引用次数: 0
A Deadly Ride: The Interaction Between the Tortoise Beetle Botanochara impressa and the Parasitoid Wasp Emersonella niveipes 致命之旅:陆龟甲虫与拟寄生物小黄蜂之间的相互作用
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70148
Felipe Capoccia, Valmir A. Costa, Karine Schoeninger, João Vasconcellos-Neto

Parasitoid insects can significantly influence the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems due to their interactions with phytophagous insects. Tortoise beetles (Cassidinae s. str., Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) are one of the most parasitized groups of Coleoptera. Emersonella Girault (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), which are egg parasitoid wasps, are among the main natural enemies of Neotropical tortoise beetles. Some species of this genus use phoresy strategies to facilitate their encounter with tortoise beetle eggs; however, few studies have been conducted on this behaviour. In this study, we found a female wasp of Emersonella niveipes (Eulophidae) on the elytra of a female Botanochara impressa (Cassidinae s. str., Chrysomelidae). During our observations, the wasp was transported on the beetle's elytra for most of the time, leaving only for a few seconds to land on the B. impressa eggs, and then returning to the beetle's back. This behaviour continued for 12 consecutive hours until the wasp died. Seven eggs laid by the female beetle had E. niveipes wasps coming out of them, confirming the host-parasitoid interaction. This is the first record of an egg parasitoid for B. impressa and expands the list of known hosts used by E. niveipes. It is also the third record of phoretic behaviour in this species of Emersonella with a different species of Cassidinae.

拟寄生物与植食性昆虫的相互作用对陆地生态系统的动态变化具有重要影响。龟甲(Cassidinae s.str .,鞘翅目,金龟科)是鞘翅目昆虫中寄生率最高的类群之一。姬麻茧蜂(膜翅目,蜂科)是新热带陆龟的主要天敌之一,是卵寄生蜂。这个属的一些物种使用伪装策略来促进它们与乌龟甲虫蛋的相遇;然而,很少有关于这种行为的研究。本研究在一只金丝蛾科金丝蛾雌蜂的鞘翅上发现了一只小叶蝉(金丝蛾科)雌蜂。在我们的观察中,黄蜂大部分时间都是在甲虫的鞘翅上运输的,只有几秒钟的时间落在印象派B.卵上,然后回到甲虫的背上。这种行为持续了12个小时,直到黄蜂死亡。雌甲虫产下的7个卵中有尼维伊氏E. niveipes黄蜂,证实了寄主与寄生虫的相互作用。这是第一次记录到印染布氏杆菌的卵寄生物,扩大了已知的尼维布氏杆菌的寄主名单。这也是该种爱默生菌与另一种卡西丁亚种的遗传行为的第三次记录。
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Austral Ecology
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