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Chasing the Rains: Seasonal Dynamics of Herbivorous and Predatory Insects in Savannahs in Kruger National Park, South Africa 追逐雨水:南非克鲁格国家公园大草原草食性和掠食性昆虫的季节动态
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70115
Fernando P. Gaona, Sylvain Delabye, Pavel Potocký, Valeriy Govorov, Jan Čuda, Llewellyn C. Foxcroft, Rafał Garlacz, Martin Hejda, Sandra MacFadyen, Tomasz Pyrcz, Klára Pyšková, Ondřej Sedláček, David Storch, Petr Pyšek, Robert Tropek

Tropical savannahs experience pronounced seasonality, especially in rainfall and temperature, shaping plant productivity and resource availability. Yet, temporal patterns in insect diversity remain poorly understood. We investigated seasonal variation in species richness and community composition of moths (herbivores) and mantises (predators) across four main landsystems in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Using light traps during early and late wet seasons, we captured 65 593 moths (817 morphospecies) and 3511 mantises (38 morphospecies). Species richness of both groups significantly increased from the early to the late wet season, particularly in the wetter southern landsystems, likely driven by rainfall-enhanced resource availability and habitat complexity. Community composition varied seasonally and among landsystems, with moths primarily influenced by seasonal changes, whereas mantises responded more strongly to landsystem differences. Our results indicate that rainfall-driven seasonal resource variability is a key determinant of insect phenological patterns in tropical savannahs. Predicted shifts in rainfall patterns due to climate change may alter insect emergence timing and trophic interactions, highlighting the importance of incorporating seasonal dynamics into biodiversity conservation and management strategies.

热带稀树草原具有明显的季节性,特别是在降雨量和温度方面,这决定了植物的生产力和资源的可用性。然而,昆虫多样性的时间模式仍然知之甚少。研究了南非克鲁格国家公园四个主要陆地系统中飞蛾(食草动物)和螳螂(食肉动物)物种丰富度和群落组成的季节变化。在丰水季的早、晚两季,利用诱蚊灯捕获月蛾65 593只(817种)和螳螂3511只(38种)。两个类群的物种丰富度从雨季早期到后期都显著增加,特别是在湿润的南部陆地系统,这可能是由降雨增强的资源可用性和栖息地复杂性驱动的。群落组成随季节和不同的土地系统而变化,飞蛾主要受季节变化的影响,而螳螂对土地系统差异的反应更强烈。研究结果表明,降雨驱动的季节资源变异是热带稀树草原昆虫物候模式的关键决定因素。气候变化导致的降雨模式的预测变化可能会改变昆虫的羽化时间和营养相互作用,这突出了将季节动态纳入生物多样性保护和管理战略的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Insights on the Potential of Natural Regeneration to Restore Cerrado Open Ecosystems 自然再生恢复塞拉多开放生态系统潜力的见解
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70113
Bethina Stein, Natashi Pilon, Demetrius Lira-Martins, Lucy Rowland, Rafael S. Oliveira

Natural regeneration in tropical open ecosystems has proved to be an effective mechanism for recovering degraded areas when considering the woody vegetation layer. However, little is known about the potential of the ground layer to recover after anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we aim to deepen the current understanding of community assembly in tropical open ecosystems by studying the natural regeneration potential in the Cerrado, with a focus on the ground layer. By inducing disturbance in conserved and degraded Cerrado grasslands, we tested the hypothesis that typical (native) Cerrado species colonise the disturbed patches primarily through vegetative propagation rather than by seed germination. Therefore, the vegetation would resemble the surrounding area instead of forming a novel species assembly. We induced disturbance by creating small gaps and monitored species colonisation strategies under both conditions. Non-native species dominated the degraded site, whereas the conserved site—an old-growth grassland—was dominated by native species. After 18 months (two reproductive seasons after the gaps opening), few native species colonised the degraded area, despite the removal of the non-native species in the gaps and the proximity to the conserved vegetation. Only exotic and ruderal species colonised the gaps in the degraded area, primarily through seed germination. Conversely, in the conserved area, the most common regeneration strategies were resprouting from deep and lateral underground structures (bud-banks) and stolon propagation. Therefore, we provide evidence that natural regeneration is dominated by vegetative propagation and resprouting in the Cerrado, with limited scope for native plants to colonise, even over short distances. Without a viable belowground bud-bank, restoring the Cerrado open ecosystems requires active techniques.

考虑到木本植被层,热带开放生态系统的自然更新已被证明是恢复退化地区的有效机制。然而,人们对人为干扰后地面层恢复的潜力知之甚少。在这里,我们的目标是通过研究塞拉多的自然再生潜力,加深目前对热带开放生态系统中群落聚集的理解,重点是地面层。通过在保存和退化的塞拉多草原上诱导干扰,我们验证了典型(本地)塞拉多物种主要通过营养繁殖而不是种子萌发在受干扰的斑块上定居的假设。因此,植被将与周围区域相似,而不是形成新的物种集合。在这两种条件下,我们通过制造小间隙来诱导干扰,并监测物种的定殖策略。退化样地以非本地物种为主,而原生地以本地物种为主。18个月后(林隙开放后的两个繁殖季节),尽管林隙中的非本土物种被移除了,并且靠近受保护的植被,但很少有本地物种在退化的地区定居。只有外来和原始物种主要通过种子萌发在退化地区的空隙中定居。相反,在保护区,最常见的更新策略是深层和侧向地下结构(芽库)和匍匐茎繁殖。因此,我们提供的证据表明,塞拉多的自然再生主要是营养繁殖和再生,本地植物的殖民范围有限,即使是在很短的距离内。没有一个可行的地下花蕾库,恢复塞拉多开放的生态系统需要积极的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Potential Impacts of Black Rats (Rattus rattus) on Seeds and Seedlings of Woody Species in a Regenerating Island Rainforest Plant Community 黑鼠(Rattus Rattus)对海岛雨林植物群落中木本植物种子和幼苗的潜在影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70109
Annabel B. Ellis, Dieter F. Hochuli, Peter B. Banks

Invasive rodents are among the world's most damaging invasive species linked to declines and extinctions of many vertebrate and invertebrate species, especially in island ecosystems. However, despite a mainly herbivorous diet, their impacts on plant communities are less well known, with few studies in Australian ecosystems. We studied the potential impacts of high-density populations of invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) on the restoration of an endangered ecological community of sub-tropical rainforest on two small islands in southeastern Australia. We used two experiments to investigate rat impacts on two woody rainforest species, Hibiscus heterophyllus and Acacia maidenii, that are frequently used for successional planting in restoration. We hypothesised that, as black rats generally obtain a large amount of their diet from plants, they would rapidly damage Hibiscus and Acacia seedlings and consume Hibiscus seeds. We found that using cages to exclude black rats for 11–14 days had significant effects on herbivory of Hibiscus seedlings but not for Acacia seedlings. Hibiscus seedlings with no exclusion cage lost an average of 17% more leaves (1.83 of initial average 10.6 leaves per plant) when compared to caged seedlings. We also found that excluding rats reduced the number of Hibiscus seedlings damaged, although 50% of the damage was suspected to be caused by insects. Although only 4.5% of total Hibiscus seeds were removed during the 3-day experimental period, the night-time removal rate (mostly attributed to black rats) was 10 times more than that of other diurnal foragers. This rate of seed removal by black rats has the potential to contribute to poor restoration in rainforest but was lower than black rat consumption of seeds in other systems. We conclude that, in our system, black rats appear to have minimal potential impacts on these rainforest species, despite high rat densities, confirming the successful use of these species in restoration. However, being novel to the system, the additive effects of rats on seed loss over time warrant further investigation.

入侵啮齿动物是世界上最具破坏性的入侵物种之一,与许多脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种的减少和灭绝有关,特别是在岛屿生态系统中。然而,尽管以草食为主,它们对植物群落的影响却鲜为人知,在澳大利亚生态系统中很少有研究。在澳大利亚东南部的两个小岛上,研究了入侵黑鼠(Rattus Rattus)高密度种群对亚热带雨林濒危生态群落恢复的潜在影响。通过两个实验,研究了鼠对恢复过程中常用的两种木本雨林树种——芙蓉和金合欢的影响。我们假设,由于黑鼠通常从植物中获取大量的食物,它们会迅速破坏木槿和金合欢的幼苗,并消耗木槿的种子。结果表明,笼内驱黑鼠11 ~ 14 d对木芙蓉幼苗的采食效果显著,而对金合欢幼苗的采食效果不显著。与笼中幼苗相比,没有隔离笼的木槿花幼苗平均多损失17%的叶子(平均每株10.6片叶子的1.83片)。我们还发现,排除老鼠减少了木槿幼苗受损的数量,尽管50%的损害被怀疑是由昆虫引起的。虽然在3天的实验期间,只有4.5%的木芙蓉种子被清除,但夜间的清除率(主要是黑鼠)是其他日间觅食者的10倍。黑鼠清除种子的速度可能会导致雨林恢复不佳,但低于其他系统中黑鼠对种子的消耗。我们的结论是,在我们的系统中,尽管老鼠密度很高,但黑鼠对这些雨林物种的潜在影响似乎很小,这证实了这些物种在恢复中的成功使用。然而,作为该系统的新事物,随着时间的推移,大鼠对种子损失的累加效应值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Landscape-Scale Impacts of Deer on Tree Ferns in South-Eastern Australia 澳大利亚东南部鹿群对蕨类植物的景观影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70114
Ami Bennett, Dan Robertson, Timothy J. Wills, Richard W. R. Retallick, Joe Greet

Tree ferns (order Cyatheales) are a key component of wet forests globally, providing critical forest understorey structure and ecosystem functions. Tree ferns may be impacted by ungulates in novel habitats, but the extent and severity of these impacts are often uncertain. We aimed to determine the impact of introduced deer on tree ferns in wet forests of south-eastern Australia. Using both broadscale deer abundance and impact surveys and targeted tree fern assessments, we surveyed browsing impacts on tree ferns at over 200 sites across a range of wet forest types in south-eastern Australia where deer are present. Tree fern species, plant height and estimates of foliage biomass removed by browsing were recorded for over 4500 individual tree ferns including 1871 Cyathea australis, 2622 Dicksonia antarctica and 41 Todea barbara. Browsing impacts on tree ferns were recorded at 96% of surveyed sites, with a third to a half of tree ferns typically impacted by browsing at each site. There were no differences in recorded impact between tree fern species. Browsing of tree ferns was strongly height dependent, regardless of species, and associated with indices of deer density. Tree ferns < 100 cm were often highly impacted (mean > 20% foliage browsed), with impact declining approximately linearly with height to 200 cm, typically low 200 to 300 cm, and absent thereafter. The widespread and in many cases severe browsing on tree ferns recorded can be largely attributable to introduced deer. These impacts potentially threaten tree fern populations and diminish the vegetation structure and ecosystem function of these wet forests. Management interventions to reduce deer populations in the wet forests of south-eastern Australia are critical to protect forest integrity and function.

树蕨(Cyatheales目)是全球湿森林的重要组成部分,提供关键的森林林下结构和生态系统功能。在新的生境中,蕨类植物可能会受到有蹄类动物的影响,但这些影响的程度和严重程度往往不确定。我们的目的是确定引进鹿对澳大利亚东南部潮湿森林中树蕨的影响。通过大规模的鹿丰度和影响调查以及有针对性的树蕨评估,我们调查了在澳大利亚东南部有鹿的潮湿森林类型的200多个地点对树蕨的浏览影响。记录了1871株南方Cyathea、2622株南极洲Dicksonia和41株Todea barbara等4500余株蕨类植物的种类、株高和叶片生物量。96%的调查地点记录了浏览对蕨类植物的影响,每个地点的三分之一到一半的蕨类植物通常受到浏览的影响。不同种类的树蕨所记录的影响没有差异。无论何种种类,树蕨的取食均与高度密切相关,且与鹿密度指数相关。100 cm的蕨类植物通常受到高度影响(平均20%的叶子被浏览),影响随着高度的增加而近似线性下降,通常低至200至300 cm,此后没有影响。在许多情况下,对蕨类植物的广泛和严重的啃食可主要归因于引入鹿。这些影响可能威胁到这些潮湿森林的树蕨种群,并削弱了这些森林的植被结构和生态系统功能。减少澳大利亚东南部潮湿森林中鹿的数量的管理干预措施对于保护森林的完整性和功能至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Sea Country Change: Projected Poleward Range Shifts for Bioculturally Important Marine Gastropods Under Climate Change 海洋国家变化:气候变化下具有重要生物文化意义的海洋腹足类动物向极地方向移动的预估
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70116
Matt J. Nimbs, Amanda S. Williams, Tom R. Davis, Curtis Champion, Melinda A. Coleman

Turban snails (known as Gugumbal in Gumbainggir Country) are bioculturally important Sea Country molluscs distributed throughout south-eastern Australia. Like most shallow water marine species, climate change is anticipated to result in poleward range shifts, or possibly even regional extinctions. Given the biocultural importance of Gugumbal, an understanding of how future climate change impacts is necessary to anticipate cultural and ecological implications associated with the redistribution of these species. We developed species distribution models to assess for climate-driven redistributions among three Gugumbal species, including Turbo militaris, Lunella torquata and Lunella undulata. Modelling under four IPCC future climate change scenarios and two future time points (RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5, for 2050 and 2100) identified equatorward range edge contractions across all three species and poleward range edge expansion in two species, with the magnitude of anticipated range shifts being generally concomitant with increasing climate scenario severity. We discuss the ecological and cultural implications of the future redistribution of Gugumbal across the various Indigenous Sea Countries in south-eastern Australia.

头巾蜗牛(在Gumbainggir国家被称为Gugumbal)是分布在澳大利亚东南部的重要的海洋软体动物。像大多数浅水海洋物种一样,气候变化预计将导致两极范围的移动,甚至可能导致区域灭绝。考虑到Gugumbal在生物文化上的重要性,了解未来气候变化的影响对于预测这些物种重新分配对文化和生态的影响是必要的。本文建立了三种古绵属植物(Turbo militaris, Lunella torquata和Lunella undulata)的物种分布模型,以评估气候驱动的再分布。在IPCC 4个未来气候变化情景和2个未来时间点(2050年和2100年的RCP2.6、4.5、6.0和8.5)下建立的模型表明,所有3种物种的赤道范围边缘收缩,2种物种的极地范围边缘扩张,预期范围变化的幅度通常伴随着气候情景严重程度的增加。我们讨论了未来在澳大利亚东南部各个土著海洋国家重新分配古古巴尔的生态和文化影响。
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引用次数: 0
Not All Birds of the Same Feather: A Systematic Review of Ecosystem Services and Disservices in Horticulture 并非所有的鸟都是一样的羽毛:园艺生态系统服务和危害的系统综述
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70110
Giuliana Caldeira Pires Ferrari, Karen Mason, Alastair Robertson, Isabel Castro

Wild birds can provide essential benefits and cause significant harm in food production systems, commonly framed as ecosystem services and disservices, respectively. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on avian ecosystem services and disservices in horticultural systems, analysing 251 studies published between 1912 and 2023. Species richness and abundance were the most commonly used metrics. A total of 128 studies investigated ecosystem services, 109 addressed disservices, and only 22 considered both. Pest control (137 occurrences) and crop damage (120) were the dominant subjects within ecosystem services and disservices, respectively. However, crop damage was frequently reported without assessment, suggesting a confirmation bias towards birds as pests. The methods used to assess services and disservices were diverse, including species identification, damage and yield surveys, landscape analysis, experiments, published data, social surveys, laboratory techniques, and economic or ecological modelling. Despite this methodological diversity, most studies used only one or two approaches. Studies incorporating human-wildlife conflict were rare, despite their relevance for both conservation and horticultural management. This review reveals a bias towards studying avian contributions that are more easily measurable, such as pest control and crop damage, while more complex or less visible effects, such as pollination, disease control, or herbivore release, remain underexplored. As a result, birds' roles in horticultural systems are often understood in fragmented terms, potentially leading to ineffective or unjustified management decisions. A more holistic, species-focused, and integrative approach is needed to fully understand the trade-offs between ecosystem services and disservices. Such understanding is critical not only for enhancing the sustainability and productivity of food systems, but also for conserving wild birds in increasingly intensified agricultural landscapes.

野生鸟类可以在粮食生产系统中提供基本利益,并造成重大损害,通常分别被定义为生态系统服务和损害。我们对鸟类生态系统服务和园艺系统危害的文献进行了系统回顾,分析了1912年至2023年间发表的251项研究。物种丰富度和丰度是最常用的指标。总共有128项研究调查了生态系统的服务,109项研究了生态系统的危害,只有22项研究两者都考虑到了。害虫防治(137次)和作物损害(120次)分别是生态系统服务和危害的主要因素。然而,经常在没有评估的情况下报告作物损害,这表明对鸟类作为害虫的确认存在偏见。用于评估服务和损害的方法多种多样,包括物种鉴定、损害和产量调查、景观分析、实验、发表数据、社会调查、实验室技术以及经济或生态模型。尽管这种方法的多样性,大多数研究只使用一种或两种方法。结合人类与野生动物冲突的研究很少,尽管它们与保护和园艺管理都有相关性。这一综述表明,人们倾向于研究更容易测量的鸟类贡献,如害虫控制和作物损害,而更复杂或不太明显的影响,如授粉、疾病控制或草食动物释放,仍未得到充分探索。因此,人们对鸟类在园艺系统中的作用的理解往往是零散的,这可能导致无效或不合理的管理决策。需要一种更全面、以物种为中心和综合的方法来充分理解生态系统服务与损害之间的权衡。这种认识不仅对提高粮食系统的可持续性和生产力至关重要,而且对在日益集约化的农业景观中保护野生鸟类也至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Feral Horses and Their Environmental Impacts in the Australian Alps: Policy and Management Priorities 澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山的野马及其对环境的影响:政策和管理重点
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70117
Ayesha Tulloch, Euan Ritchie, Don Driscoll

Feral horses (Equus caballus) are listed as a Key Threatening Process (KTP) under federal and state conservation policies, leading to active state government management programs aimed at reducing feral horse populations in ecologically sensitive regions (Tables 1 and 2). Program and expert reporting shows benefits for water, vegetation, soil, waterbirds and native fish from horse removal in these systems (Rowland, Moore, and Walsh 2023; Just et al. 2025). The NSW Government's Kosciuszko Wild Horse Heritage Act 2018 diverges from the policies of other States, and conflicts with the NSW KTP listing, by mandating retention of 3000 horses in one third of Kosciuszko National Park. This is despite extensive scientific evidence of the environmental harm caused by feral horses in Kosciuszko National Park, across other alpine, subalpine and riverine regions (Figure 1), and in other ecosystems (Nimmo and Miller 2007; Driscoll et al. 2019; Stobo-Wilson et al. 2020).

Complete removal via culling of feral horses from threatened alpine and subalpine ecosystems, including peatlands and wetlands, is recommended (Beeton and Johnson 2019). Excluding horses from sensitive locations (e.g., through fencing), or using fertility control methods, is insufficient for preserving ecological function and connectivity of sensitive ecosystems such as alpine peatlands and wetlands (Driscoll et al. 2019; Hobbs and Hinds 2018).

Horse control must be coordinated with integrated fire and pest management strategies addressing other invasive herbivores and omnivores, weeds and invasive predators (Keith et al. 2022; Rowland, Walsh, et al. 2023). Restoration, including moss layer transfers and hydrological repair in peatlands, may reverse some damage and recover lost carbon storage capacity once horses are removed (Treby and Grover 2023).

Uncensored evidence-based communication of feral horse impacts by State agency staff, independent scientists and political leaders is essential to make the cost of inaction clear (Nimmo and Miller 2007). The evidence is unequivocal: feral horses present a significant ecological threat to Australia's alpine and subalpine environments. Legislation that supports effective feral horse control throughout national parks and other public land designated for conservation purposes must be in place.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

根据联邦和州的保护政策,野马(Equus caballus)被列为关键威胁过程(KTP),导致州政府积极的管理计划,旨在减少生态敏感地区的野马种群(表1和2)。项目和专家报告显示,在这些系统中去除马对水、植被、土壤、水鸟和本地鱼类都有好处(Rowland, Moore, and Walsh, 2023; Just et al. 2025)。新南威尔士州政府的《2018年科肖什科野马遗产法案》(Kosciuszko Wild Horse Heritage Act 2018)要求保留科肖什科国家公园三分之一的3000匹马,这与其他州的政策不同,也与新南威尔士州KTP名录相冲突。尽管有大量科学证据表明,在科希丘什科国家公园、其他高山、亚高山和河流地区(图1)以及其他生态系统中,野马对环境造成了危害(Nimmo和Miller 2007; Driscoll等人2019;Stobo-Wilson等人2020)。建议通过从受威胁的高山和亚高山生态系统(包括泥炭地和湿地)中剔除野马来彻底清除(Beeton和Johnson, 2019)。将马排除在敏感地点(例如,通过围栏)或使用生育控制方法,不足以保护高山泥炭地和湿地等敏感生态系统的生态功能和连通性(Driscoll et al. 2019; Hobbs and Hinds 2018)。马的控制必须与针对其他入侵食草动物和杂食动物、杂草和入侵捕食者的综合火灾和害虫管理策略相协调(Keith等人,2022;Rowland, Walsh等人,2023)。一旦马被移走,泥炭地的恢复,包括苔藓层转移和水文修复,可能会逆转一些损害并恢复失去的碳储存能力(Treby和Grover 2023)。国家机构工作人员、独立科学家和政治领导人就野马的影响进行未经审查的基于证据的交流,对于明确不作为的代价至关重要(Nimmo和Miller 2007)。证据是明确的:野马对澳大利亚的高山和亚高山环境构成了重大的生态威胁。必须立法支持在整个国家公园和其他指定用于保护目的的公共土地上有效地控制野马。作者声明无利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change Implications on the Potential Distribution Ranges of Direct-Development Anurans (Brachycephalidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 气候变化对巴西大西洋森林直接发育无尾猿(短头科)潜在分布范围的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70112
Bruna Botteon Della Coletta, Tiago Silveira Vasconcelos

Climate change is a major threat to biodiversity due to its deep impact from individuals to ecosystems. Direct-development amphibians, such as the family Brachycephalidae in the Atlantic Forest, are especially vulnerable because they rely on moist microhabitats in the leaf-litter for egg development. Here, we make use of predictive tools to estimate the climate-driven impacts on different geographic distribution parameters of Brachycephalidae anurans. Specifically, we built ecological niche models for 34 out of the 81 species in the family using four algorithms and projected the climatic niche of each species on baseline and 2050 climate change scenarios, separately for two CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Thus, we were able to compare the size, range shift directions, and richness gradients among the predictions from different time slices. Out of the 34 studied species, 67.6% to 73.5% of the Brachycephalidae species (23–25 species, depending on the CO2 emission scenario) are predicted to have decreased ranges. Among them, 12 species (~35% of the total species) are predicted to have no climatically suitable area by 2050. On the other hand, 26.5% to 32.4% of the species (nine and 11 species, depending on the CO2 emission scenario) are projected to increase their climatically suitable areas by 2050. Regarding the central point of the predicted ranges, the mean distance between the baseline and 2050 predictions is 233–237 km (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively), yet this average is highly variable (±189.1 km/RCP2.6; ±194 km/RCP8.5). Our results also reveal a major loss in Brachycephalidae species richness along the Atlantic coast, whereas a gain in species richness is expected in inland areas of the Atlantic Forest.

气候变化从个人到生态系统的深刻影响是对生物多样性的重大威胁。直接发育的两栖动物,如大西洋森林中的短头动物科,尤其脆弱,因为它们依赖于落叶层中潮湿的微栖息地来产卵。在此,我们利用预测工具估计了气候驱动对不同地理分布参数的影响。具体而言,我们利用4种算法对81个科中34个物种建立了生态位模型,并分别在基线情景和2050年气候变化情景(RCP2.6和RCP8.5)下预测了每个物种的气候生态位。因此,我们能够比较来自不同时间片的预测的大小,范围移动方向和丰富度梯度。在34个研究物种中,预计67.6%至73.5%的短头类物种(23-25种,取决于二氧化碳排放情景)的范围将缩小。其中有12种(约占总种数的35%)预计到2050年将没有气候适宜区。另一方面,预计到2050年,26.5%至32.4%的物种(9种至11种,具体取决于二氧化碳排放情景)的气候适宜面积将增加。关于预测范围的中心点,基线和2050年预测之间的平均距离为233-237公里(分别为RCP2.6和RCP8.5),但这一平均值变化很大(±189.1公里/RCP2.6;±194公里/RCP8.5)。我们的研究结果还揭示了大西洋沿岸短头类物种丰富度的主要损失,而大西洋森林内陆地区的物种丰富度预计会增加。
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引用次数: 0
Projected Land-Cover Changes and Their Consequences on the Supply of Ecosystem Services in Uruguay 预测的土地覆盖变化及其对乌拉圭生态系统服务供应的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70111
F. Gallego, J. M. Paruelo

Grasslands are among the most human-modified biomes worldwide due to the expansion of croplands and afforestation. In the scenario of productive intensification, it is necessary to generate alternatives to model land-cover changes and their environmental consequences. This study aimed to generate land-cover projections and quantify the impact of these changes on ecosystem service supply in Uruguay. To achieve this, we used land-cover maps, Markovchain models and an ecosystem services supply index (ESSI). Transition probabilities between land-cover classes were calculated for two time periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2019) based on maps from 2000, 2010 and 2019. These probabilities informed two Markov chain models to project land-cover changes up to 2037. With the projected land-cover maps, spatial models were used to relate the proportion of croplands and grasslands with the ESSI. Our results indicate a continued expansion of croplands and afforestation over the coming decades, while grasslands will remain the dominant land cover, representing 46% of the landscape by 2037. Grasslands exhibited the highest probability of persistence in both periods, while croplands and afforestation increased their persistence probability by 60% and 13%, respectively. The ESSI shows a 5% decrease between 2000 and 2037. These findings highlight the ongoing transformation of Uruguay's landscapes and the potential trade-offs between land-use intensification and ecosystem services. The results provide valuable empirical evidence to support territorial planning and sustainable management strategies, helping to balance production needs with environmental conservation.

由于农田和造林的扩张,草原是世界上人类改造最多的生物群落之一。在生产集约化的情况下,有必要提出替代办法,以模拟土地覆盖变化及其环境后果。这项研究旨在产生土地覆盖预测,并量化这些变化对乌拉圭生态系统服务供应的影响。为了实现这一目标,我们使用了土地覆盖图、马尔可夫链模型和生态系统服务供应指数(ESSI)。根据2000年、2010年和2019年的地图,计算了两个时期(2000 - 2010年和2010 - 2019年)土地覆盖类别之间的过渡概率。这些概率为两个马尔可夫链模型提供了信息,以预测到2037年的土地覆盖变化。利用预估的土地覆盖图,利用空间模型将农田和草地的比例与ESSI联系起来。我们的研究结果表明,在未来几十年里,农田和造林将继续扩大,而草地仍将是主要的土地覆盖,到2037年将占景观的46%。在这两个时期,草地的持续概率最高,而农田和造林的持续概率分别提高了60%和13%。ESSI在2000年至2037年间下降了5%。这些发现突出了乌拉圭景观的持续变化以及土地利用集约化与生态系统服务之间的潜在权衡。研究结果为支持区域规划和可持续管理策略提供了宝贵的经验证据,有助于平衡生产需求和环境保护。
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引用次数: 0
The Dark Side of Mucus: Stress-Induced Mucus Aggregate (SIMA) on Tubastraea Corals in a Heavily Impacted Bay 黏液的阴暗面:受严重影响海湾中管状珊瑚的应力诱导黏液聚集体(SIMA)
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1111/aec.70107
Alexandre Dias Kassuga, Luciana Altvater, Denny Fardin, Lorena da Graça Pedrosa de Macena, Alexandre R. da Silva, Ricardo Coutinho

This study investigates the absence of non-indigenous sun coral Tubastraea in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, despite its presence on nearby islands. Tubastraea corals are known for their high reproductive plasticity and resilience to varying environmental conditions. An ex-situ experiment was conducted in which colonies of Tubastraea aurea were exposed to a continuous flow of seawater sourced from Guanabara Bay. During the experiment, colonies developed a Stress-Induced Mucus Aggregate (SIMA) that progressively enveloped the polyps and was associated with marked tissue loss upon removal. This response is distinct from the coral's typical mucus secretion and is hypothesised to result from environmental stress-induced alterations in the associated microbiota. The influx of organic matter and pollutants likely promotes a shift toward pathogenic and anaerobic microbial communities, which may further impair tissue respiration and contribute to coral mortality. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified four ecologically significant bacterial genera—Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Alcanivorax and Shewanella—commonly found in marine systems. These organisms demonstrate functional duality in coral microbiomes, simultaneously influencing both biofilm-mediated community assembly and disease dynamics. Their context-dependent roles markedly affect coral health outcomes under environmental stress regimes, highlighting their importance in reef ecosystem resilience. These findings suggest that microbial community dynamics in highly disturbed environments may play a key role in limiting the establishment and persistence of T. aurea in Guanabara Bay. Future research will focus on elucidating the role of physico-chemical water parameters, sedimentation and microbial community shifts in the survival of Tubastraea corals in Guanabara Bay.

本研究调查了巴西里约热内卢瓜纳巴拉湾非本土太阳珊瑚Tubastraea的缺失,尽管它存在于附近的岛屿上。管状珊瑚以其高繁殖可塑性和对不同环境条件的恢复能力而闻名。进行了一项迁地实验,将aurea Tubastraea菌落暴露于来自瓜纳巴拉湾的连续海水中。在实验过程中,菌落形成应力诱导的黏液聚集体(SIMA),逐渐包裹息肉,并在去除后伴有明显的组织损失。这种反应不同于珊瑚的典型粘液分泌,假设是由环境压力引起的相关微生物群的改变造成的。有机物和污染物的涌入可能促进了向致病和厌氧微生物群落的转变,这可能进一步损害组织呼吸并导致珊瑚死亡。16S rRNA基因测序鉴定出海洋系统中常见的弧菌、假互单胞菌、Alcanivorax和shewanella四种具有重要生态意义的细菌属。这些生物在珊瑚微生物组中表现出功能的双重性,同时影响生物膜介导的群落组装和疾病动态。它们的环境依赖性作用显著影响环境胁迫下珊瑚的健康结果,突出了它们在珊瑚礁生态系统恢复力中的重要性。这些结果表明,高度扰动环境下的微生物群落动态可能是限制金毛弧菌在瓜纳巴拉湾建立和持续存在的关键因素。未来的研究将集中在阐明物化水参数、沉积和微生物群落变化在瓜纳巴拉湾Tubastraea珊瑚生存中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Austral Ecology
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