Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.5295
Ali Safari Variani, Zohreh Yazdi, Zahra Hosseinkhani, Javad Abbas Alimadadi, Masoumeh Ziaeiha, Hamid Karyab
This study aimed to estimate the burden of diseases (BoD) from environmental cigarette smoke (ECS) exposure. More precisely, the study examined the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to cigarette smoking in municipal staff based on a prospective cohort study. This cross-sectional study was designed among municipal employees, aged 25-55 years in Qazvin, Iran during 2019-2020. The data on cigarette smoking and environmental exposure were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Finally, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were measured to assess the relation between active cigarette smoking and the prevalence of NCDs, including hypertension and diabetes in workers. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 16.2%. In addition, 15% of staff were exposed to ECS. The prevalence of anemia and high TG levels in current cigarette smokers was 2.71 (P=0.024) and 1.4 times higher than among non-smokers (P=0.027). The total number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by lung cancer, asthma, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to ECS was 0.65 per 1000 adults annually. Further, the number of 0.058 death was estimated per 1000 adults annually at the workplace. Most deaths were caused by IHD (79%), followed by lung cancer (12%) and asthma (9%). It was revealed that the number of DALYs and deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) was 0.34 and 0.3 vs. 0.028 and 0.029 per 1000 adults in men and women, respectively. The results demonstrated that exposure to ECS is an important factor in increasing the risk of the prevalence of NCDs and can increase the BoD attributable to cigarette smoking.
{"title":"The Burden of Diseases From Exposure to Environmental Cigarette Smoke: A Case Study of Municipal Staff in Qazvin, Iran","authors":"Ali Safari Variani, Zohreh Yazdi, Zahra Hosseinkhani, Javad Abbas Alimadadi, Masoumeh Ziaeiha, Hamid Karyab","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5295","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to estimate the burden of diseases (BoD) from environmental cigarette smoke (ECS) exposure. More precisely, the study examined the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to cigarette smoking in municipal staff based on a prospective cohort study. This cross-sectional study was designed among municipal employees, aged 25-55 years in Qazvin, Iran during 2019-2020. The data on cigarette smoking and environmental exposure were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Finally, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were measured to assess the relation between active cigarette smoking and the prevalence of NCDs, including hypertension and diabetes in workers. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 16.2%. In addition, 15% of staff were exposed to ECS. The prevalence of anemia and high TG levels in current cigarette smokers was 2.71 (P=0.024) and 1.4 times higher than among non-smokers (P=0.027). The total number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by lung cancer, asthma, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to ECS was 0.65 per 1000 adults annually. Further, the number of 0.058 death was estimated per 1000 adults annually at the workplace. Most deaths were caused by IHD (79%), followed by lung cancer (12%) and asthma (9%). It was revealed that the number of DALYs and deaths attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) was 0.34 and 0.3 vs. 0.028 and 0.029 per 1000 adults in men and women, respectively. The results demonstrated that exposure to ECS is an important factor in increasing the risk of the prevalence of NCDs and can increase the BoD attributable to cigarette smoking.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.4228
Amin Allah Pasgar, Mohammad Malakootian
Awareness of lead (Pb) distribution and zoning in urban, agricultural, and industrial areas is of particular importance in environmental protection planning. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the distribution of Pb in different uses with different levels of industrial development and human activities in urban areas in Hamadan during 2018. For this purpose, 146 soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depth and prepared for air-dried laboratory analyses. Then, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total Pb, and adsorbable Pb in the soil were measured. The results demonstrated that the mean concentration of total Pb is 88 mg/kg. In addition, the mean concentration of Pb in urban, industrial, and agricultural areas was 41 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 17 mg/kg, respectively. Further, the average concentration of adsorbable Pb with a standard deviation of 0.3 in industrial, urban, and agricultural areas was 0.38 mg/kg, 0.16 mg/kg, and 0.06 mg/kg. Land use was an important source of Pb change in the studied soils; however, Pb change did not depend only on land use. Factors such as weather conditions or proximity to roads, as well as previous land uses, could affect the role of existing land use and be effective in the distribution of soil Pb. Studies revealed that the amount of the soil’s adsorbable Pb is more important than that of total Pb in different uses, which should be considered in any soil-related research.
{"title":"Spatial Distribution of Lead in the Soil of Urban Areas Under Different Land-Use Types","authors":"Amin Allah Pasgar, Mohammad Malakootian","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.4228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.4228","url":null,"abstract":"Awareness of lead (Pb) distribution and zoning in urban, agricultural, and industrial areas is of particular importance in environmental protection planning. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the distribution of Pb in different uses with different levels of industrial development and human activities in urban areas in Hamadan during 2018. For this purpose, 146 soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm depth and prepared for air-dried laboratory analyses. Then, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total Pb, and adsorbable Pb in the soil were measured. The results demonstrated that the mean concentration of total Pb is 88 mg/kg. In addition, the mean concentration of Pb in urban, industrial, and agricultural areas was 41 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 17 mg/kg, respectively. Further, the average concentration of adsorbable Pb with a standard deviation of 0.3 in industrial, urban, and agricultural areas was 0.38 mg/kg, 0.16 mg/kg, and 0.06 mg/kg. Land use was an important source of Pb change in the studied soils; however, Pb change did not depend only on land use. Factors such as weather conditions or proximity to roads, as well as previous land uses, could affect the role of existing land use and be effective in the distribution of soil Pb. Studies revealed that the amount of the soil’s adsorbable Pb is more important than that of total Pb in different uses, which should be considered in any soil-related research.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial effluents produce vast amounts of pollutants and account for 20% of industrial wastewater annually. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most widely used dyes in the medical, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. However, it is toxic to living organisms, and even a short-time exposure to it can be potentially harmful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles in removing MB from aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of various parameters such as pH (3-10), ZnO nanoparticle dose (0.01-0.08 g/L), reaction time (5-50 minutes), initial concentration of MB (20-200 mg/L), and the hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.5-5 mg/L) were studied. The wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) was 665 nm. The optimal pH value was 5, zinc oxide nanoparticle dose was 0.05 g/L, the initial concentration of MB was 40 mg/L, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 2 mg/L, and the contact time was 20 minutes. The efficiency of MB removal was 97.99%. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide could remove the MB from aqueous solutions with high efficiency.
{"title":"The Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles With Hydrogen Peroxide","authors":"Somayeh Bagheri, Fahimeh Moghadam, Hassn Mohammadi, Saeid Rigi","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5259","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial effluents produce vast amounts of pollutants and account for 20% of industrial wastewater annually. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most widely used dyes in the medical, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. However, it is toxic to living organisms, and even a short-time exposure to it can be potentially harmful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles in removing MB from aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of various parameters such as pH (3-10), ZnO nanoparticle dose (0.01-0.08 g/L), reaction time (5-50 minutes), initial concentration of MB (20-200 mg/L), and the hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.5-5 mg/L) were studied. The wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) was 665 nm. The optimal pH value was 5, zinc oxide nanoparticle dose was 0.05 g/L, the initial concentration of MB was 40 mg/L, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 2 mg/L, and the contact time was 20 minutes. The efficiency of MB removal was 97.99%. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide could remove the MB from aqueous solutions with high efficiency.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.5378
Morteza Ghobadi
Landfill site selection is a complex decision-making process which requires the evaluation of various environmental, social, and economic criteria. The present research aims to propose a GIS-based Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method for landfill site selection in the east of Lorestan province, Iran. The study used 11 criteria including land use, distance from protected areas, slope, elevation, distance from the water resource, distance from the road, geology, distance from the fault, soil texture, distance from the city, and distance from the village. The results show that the proposed method can be used as a reliable tool for landfill site selection. The method provides decision-makers with a systematic approach to evaluate and rank potential sites based on their suitability. The study found that distance from water resources and soil texture were the most important criteria for landfill site selection in the study area. The proposed method can help decision-makers to identify suitable sites for landfill development considering potential environmental impacts. The study highlights the importance of using the GIS-based SWARA technique for landfill site selection, as it provides a comprehensive and efficient approach to decision-making. The proposed GIS-based SWARA method can be used as a valuable tool for landfill site selection in other regions and can help in achieving sustainable development goals.
{"title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment for Landfill Site Selection Using GIS-Based SWARA and Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix","authors":"Morteza Ghobadi","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5378","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill site selection is a complex decision-making process which requires the evaluation of various environmental, social, and economic criteria. The present research aims to propose a GIS-based Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method for landfill site selection in the east of Lorestan province, Iran. The study used 11 criteria including land use, distance from protected areas, slope, elevation, distance from the water resource, distance from the road, geology, distance from the fault, soil texture, distance from the city, and distance from the village. The results show that the proposed method can be used as a reliable tool for landfill site selection. The method provides decision-makers with a systematic approach to evaluate and rank potential sites based on their suitability. The study found that distance from water resources and soil texture were the most important criteria for landfill site selection in the study area. The proposed method can help decision-makers to identify suitable sites for landfill development considering potential environmental impacts. The study highlights the importance of using the GIS-based SWARA technique for landfill site selection, as it provides a comprehensive and efficient approach to decision-making. The proposed GIS-based SWARA method can be used as a valuable tool for landfill site selection in other regions and can help in achieving sustainable development goals.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.5381
Nematollah Jafarzadeh, Heydar Maleki
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence increased hospital admissions and caused a higher rate of medical waste. In this study, the status of medical wastes and recommended disinfecting methods were reviewed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia. The published papers, library searching, and website browsing with no language restrictions were used to conduct this analytical-descriptive study before the pandemic until the early months of 2020. The results showed that generation rates of medical waste (GRMW), including surgical gloves, face masks, and the like increased by 10%, 12%, 23%, 28%, 97%, 425, and 1262% in Iran, Tehran, China, Malaysia, Dhaka, Wuhan, and King Abdullah University Hospital, respectively, in 2020 regarding the normal period without any pandemic. The capital or the most engaged city in each country produced higher GRMW compared with the whole country so that the GRMW in Iran, Bangladesh, and China were 13.2%, 29.2%, and 70.4% lower than that in Tehran, Dhaka, and Wuhan, respectively. The GRMW also indicated reverse trends with the number of hospital beds, population, and accumulated confirmed cases.
{"title":"Medical Waste Increase During COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Nematollah Jafarzadeh, Heydar Maleki","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5381","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence increased hospital admissions and caused a higher rate of medical waste. In this study, the status of medical wastes and recommended disinfecting methods were reviewed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia. The published papers, library searching, and website browsing with no language restrictions were used to conduct this analytical-descriptive study before the pandemic until the early months of 2020. The results showed that generation rates of medical waste (GRMW), including surgical gloves, face masks, and the like increased by 10%, 12%, 23%, 28%, 97%, 425, and 1262% in Iran, Tehran, China, Malaysia, Dhaka, Wuhan, and King Abdullah University Hospital, respectively, in 2020 regarding the normal period without any pandemic. The capital or the most engaged city in each country produced higher GRMW compared with the whole country so that the GRMW in Iran, Bangladesh, and China were 13.2%, 29.2%, and 70.4% lower than that in Tehran, Dhaka, and Wuhan, respectively. The GRMW also indicated reverse trends with the number of hospital beds, population, and accumulated confirmed cases.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.5316
Ogundipe S. Opeoluwa, Latinwo G. Kayode, Ayobami O. Ajani, Tinuade J. Afolabi, Idris O. Okeowo, Adetoro R. Olaitan, Abass O. Alade
The presence of persistent pharmaceutical products in water bodies is a significant problem that obstructs wastewater reuse. This study investigated the adsorption process for removing the recalcitrant antibiotics, including tetracycline (TC), ampicillin (AMP), and amoxicillin (AMOX) from an aqueous solution using a composite biosorbent made from a mixture of palm kernel shell (PKS), Chrysophyllum albidum (CAS), and coconut shell (CS). Simplex centroid design in the Design of Expert (12.0.1.0) was applied to optimize the percentage composition (20-55%) of the composite biosorbent precursor and to remove TC-AMP-AMOX mixtures from the aqueous solution in a batch study. The equilibrium data were fitted to 12 isotherm models and analyzed statistically. The maximum adsorption capacity of 9.12 mg/g, 8.66 mg/g, and 7.11 mg/g was achieved for TC, AMP, and AMOX, respectively, using the biocomposite biosorbent with an optimal mixture of 55% PKS, 20% CAS, and 25% CS. The adsorption behavior of TC, AMP, and AMOX was well-described by the Langmuir/Elovich isotherm (R2=1.000), Hill-DeBoer (R2=0.9953), and Freundlich/ Halsey (R2=0.9898) models, respectively. The obtained results showed that the biocomposite PKS-CAS-CS leverages the individual adsorptive capacity of each constituent to enhance the adsorption process. Moreover, the composite biosorbent demonstrated excellent potential for removing recalcitrant pharmaceuticals from wastewater effectively.
水体中持久性药品的存在是阻碍废水回用的一个重要问题。以棕榈仁壳(PKS)、金菊(CAS)和椰子壳(CS)为原料制备复合生物吸附剂，研究了对水溶液中顽固性抗生素四环素(TC)、氨苄西林(AMP)和阿莫西林(AMOX)的吸附工艺。采用design of Expert(12.0.1.0)中的单纯形质心设计优化复合生物吸附剂前驱体的百分比组成(20-55%)，并在批量研究中从水溶液中去除TC-AMP-AMOX混合物。将平衡数据拟合到12个等温线模型中，并进行统计分析。在最佳配比为55% PKS、20% CAS和25% CS的条件下，对TC、AMP和AMOX的最大吸附量分别为9.12 mg/g、8.66 mg/g和7.11 mg/g。Langmuir/Elovich模型(R2=1.000)、Hill-DeBoer模型(R2=0.9953)和Freundlich/ Halsey模型(R2=0.9898)较好地描述了TC、AMP和AMOX的吸附行为。结果表明，生物复合材料PKS-CAS-CS利用了各组分的个体吸附能力来增强吸附过程。此外，复合生物吸附剂在有效去除废水中的顽固性药物方面表现出良好的潜力。
{"title":"<sup> </sup>Optimization and Isothermal Studies of Antibiotics Mixture Biosorption From Wastewater Using Palm Kernel, Chrysophyllum albidum, and Coconut Shells Biocomposite","authors":"Ogundipe S. Opeoluwa, Latinwo G. Kayode, Ayobami O. Ajani, Tinuade J. Afolabi, Idris O. Okeowo, Adetoro R. Olaitan, Abass O. Alade","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5316","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of persistent pharmaceutical products in water bodies is a significant problem that obstructs wastewater reuse. This study investigated the adsorption process for removing the recalcitrant antibiotics, including tetracycline (TC), ampicillin (AMP), and amoxicillin (AMOX) from an aqueous solution using a composite biosorbent made from a mixture of palm kernel shell (PKS), Chrysophyllum albidum (CAS), and coconut shell (CS). Simplex centroid design in the Design of Expert (12.0.1.0) was applied to optimize the percentage composition (20-55%) of the composite biosorbent precursor and to remove TC-AMP-AMOX mixtures from the aqueous solution in a batch study. The equilibrium data were fitted to 12 isotherm models and analyzed statistically. The maximum adsorption capacity of 9.12 mg/g, 8.66 mg/g, and 7.11 mg/g was achieved for TC, AMP, and AMOX, respectively, using the biocomposite biosorbent with an optimal mixture of 55% PKS, 20% CAS, and 25% CS. The adsorption behavior of TC, AMP, and AMOX was well-described by the Langmuir/Elovich isotherm (R2=1.000), Hill-DeBoer (R2=0.9953), and Freundlich/ Halsey (R2=0.9898) models, respectively. The obtained results showed that the biocomposite PKS-CAS-CS leverages the individual adsorptive capacity of each constituent to enhance the adsorption process. Moreover, the composite biosorbent demonstrated excellent potential for removing recalcitrant pharmaceuticals from wastewater effectively.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.5376
Alka Pant, Ramesh Chandra Joshi, Sanjay Sharma, Kamal Pant
Air pollution is a widespread problem in India. The study focuses on forecasting the air quality index (AQI) using time series modeling techniques for the most polluted area of Dehradun City in Uttarakhand state, India. The train test approach of machine learning and Akaike information criterion (AIC) have been used on the monthly data of five years to select the best auto-regressive model. Using the auto-correlation functions (ACF and PACF) and the seasonality component in the time-series dataset, a seasonal auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model with its minimum AIC has been chosen to forecast the AQI. This model is also validated by comparing its predicted values with the actual values of AQI. The results showed that the seasonal ARMA model of (1,0,0)(1,0,0)12 could forecast AQI based on a stationary dataset. The research also indicates that the asthma patients of the Himalayan Drugs-ISBT region may experience more health effects, especially in winter, due to poor air quality. The model can be helpful for a scientist and the government to take precautionary measures in advance.
空气污染在印度是一个普遍存在的问题。该研究的重点是利用时间序列建模技术预测印度北阿坎德邦德拉敦市污染最严重地区的空气质量指数(AQI)。利用机器学习的训练测试方法和赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion, AIC)对5年的月度数据进行自回归模型的选择。利用自相关函数(ACF和PACF)和时间序列数据中的季节性成分，选择AIC最小的季节自回归移动平均(ARMA)模型对AQI进行预测。并将模型预测值与实际AQI值进行比较，验证了模型的有效性。结果表明，(1,0,0)(1,0,0)12的季节ARMA模型可以在平稳数据集上预测AQI。研究还表明，由于空气质量差，喜马拉雅药物- isbt地区的哮喘患者可能会受到更多的健康影响，特别是在冬季。该模型可以帮助科学家和政府提前采取预防措施。
{"title":"Predictive Modeling for Forecasting Air Quality Index (AQI) Using Time Series Analysis","authors":"Alka Pant, Ramesh Chandra Joshi, Sanjay Sharma, Kamal Pant","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5376","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a widespread problem in India. The study focuses on forecasting the air quality index (AQI) using time series modeling techniques for the most polluted area of Dehradun City in Uttarakhand state, India. The train test approach of machine learning and Akaike information criterion (AIC) have been used on the monthly data of five years to select the best auto-regressive model. Using the auto-correlation functions (ACF and PACF) and the seasonality component in the time-series dataset, a seasonal auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) model with its minimum AIC has been chosen to forecast the AQI. This model is also validated by comparing its predicted values with the actual values of AQI. The results showed that the seasonal ARMA model of (1,0,0)(1,0,0)12 could forecast AQI based on a stationary dataset. The research also indicates that the asthma patients of the Himalayan Drugs-ISBT region may experience more health effects, especially in winter, due to poor air quality. The model can be helpful for a scientist and the government to take precautionary measures in advance.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2023.5284
Amir Hossein Baghaie
Soil poisoning with heavy metals is one of the most significant aspects of environmental research. In the soil treated with Thiobacillus, the effect of sulfur granular municipal solid waste (sulfur granular MSW), humic acid, and nano Fe-oxide on reducing Pb absorption by plants was investigated. Treatments consisted of applying sulfur granular MSW (0 and 30 t/ha), spraying humic acid (0 and 1.5 mmol/L), and using nano Fe-oxide (0 and 2% w/w) in the soil contaminated with Pb (0, 600, and 1200 mg/kg-soil). Plants were collected after 5 months, and the Pb content in the soil and plants was estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidases (POX) enzymes were also determined. The use of 30 t/ha of sulfur granular MSW in the Pb-polluted soil reduced Pb concentration in the soil and plant by 13.4% and 15.1 %, respectively, while it increased Fe concentration by 15.2% in the plant. Using nano Fe-oxide (2% w/w) in the Pb-contaminated soil (600 and 1200 mg/kg soil) considerably enhanced Fe content in the plant. Pb absorption by plants was dramatically reduced by foliar application of humic acid. According to the findings of this study, the interaction effects of sulfur granular MSW, nano Fe-oxide, and humic acid significantly reduced the Pb absorption by plants. However, the impacts of soil physico-chemical characteristics and the kind of soil pollutant on plant Pb concentration cannot be ignored.
{"title":"Effect of Sulfur Granular Municipal Solid Waste, Humic Acid, and Nano Fe-Oxide on Lead Uptake by Plants in a Calcareous Soil in the Presence of <i>Thiobacillus</i>","authors":"Amir Hossein Baghaie","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2023.5284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2023.5284","url":null,"abstract":"Soil poisoning with heavy metals is one of the most significant aspects of environmental research. In the soil treated with Thiobacillus, the effect of sulfur granular municipal solid waste (sulfur granular MSW), humic acid, and nano Fe-oxide on reducing Pb absorption by plants was investigated. Treatments consisted of applying sulfur granular MSW (0 and 30 t/ha), spraying humic acid (0 and 1.5 mmol/L), and using nano Fe-oxide (0 and 2% w/w) in the soil contaminated with Pb (0, 600, and 1200 mg/kg-soil). Plants were collected after 5 months, and the Pb content in the soil and plants was estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidases (POX) enzymes were also determined. The use of 30 t/ha of sulfur granular MSW in the Pb-polluted soil reduced Pb concentration in the soil and plant by 13.4% and 15.1 %, respectively, while it increased Fe concentration by 15.2% in the plant. Using nano Fe-oxide (2% w/w) in the Pb-contaminated soil (600 and 1200 mg/kg soil) considerably enhanced Fe content in the plant. Pb absorption by plants was dramatically reduced by foliar application of humic acid. According to the findings of this study, the interaction effects of sulfur granular MSW, nano Fe-oxide, and humic acid significantly reduced the Pb absorption by plants. However, the impacts of soil physico-chemical characteristics and the kind of soil pollutant on plant Pb concentration cannot be ignored.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135904519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2022.5296
S. Mousavi, F. Gholami-Borujeni
Wastewater is one of the most important ways of transmitting viral and bacterial pathogens that can cause nosocomial and clinical infections in humans. Although previous studies show that there is no current evidence that active coronaviruses are present in surface or ground waters or are transmitted through contaminated drinking water, there is an urgent need for more effective preventive measures to limit the spread of infection, which depends on understanding their routes of transmission and persistence in different environments. Here is a narrative review of the survival of the coronavirus family in feces, urine, and wastewater. Articles related to the presence of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in feces, urine, and wastewater and their survival time were searched in the literature. Articles published in the last decade (2000–2021) were selected based on the PRISMA method. The literature review showed that due to the high concentration of RNA virus in blood and urine samples with positive oral and anal swabs, no positive case has been reported using respiratory tests. The main findings of this review show that the maximum survival time of the SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine was 33 and 31 days, respectively. Moreover, environmental conditions (temperature and pH) are the most important factors in the survival of SRRS-CoV in feces, urine, and wastewater. This study provides researchers with basic and useful information for future research orientations in relation to wastewater treatment plant systems to eliminate and manage emerging viral contaminants.
{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Survival of the Coronavirus Family in Feces, Urine, and Wastewater","authors":"S. Mousavi, F. Gholami-Borujeni","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2022.5296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2022.5296","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater is one of the most important ways of transmitting viral and bacterial pathogens that can cause nosocomial and clinical infections in humans. Although previous studies show that there is no current evidence that active coronaviruses are present in surface or ground waters or are transmitted through contaminated drinking water, there is an urgent need for more effective preventive measures to limit the spread of infection, which depends on understanding their routes of transmission and persistence in different environments. Here is a narrative review of the survival of the coronavirus family in feces, urine, and wastewater. Articles related to the presence of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 in feces, urine, and wastewater and their survival time were searched in the literature. Articles published in the last decade (2000–2021) were selected based on the PRISMA method. The literature review showed that due to the high concentration of RNA virus in blood and urine samples with positive oral and anal swabs, no positive case has been reported using respiratory tests. The main findings of this review show that the maximum survival time of the SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine was 33 and 31 days, respectively. Moreover, environmental conditions (temperature and pH) are the most important factors in the survival of SRRS-CoV in feces, urine, and wastewater. This study provides researchers with basic and useful information for future research orientations in relation to wastewater treatment plant systems to eliminate and manage emerging viral contaminants.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.34172/ajehe.2022.4206
A. Mahmoodnia, Morteza Mousavi, Farshad Golbabaei Kootenaei, M. Asadi-Ghalhari
Acquiring information about groundwater quality is essential in developing management strategies. In this article, spatio-temporal variations of cations in groundwater in Esfarayen plain were investigated using data monitored in 134 groundwater wells, active in 1988, and 47 wells, active in 2019. To evaluate groundwater quality, interpolation methods have been used to interpolate existing limited spatial data. The performance of 8 current interpolation methods on the data for the two selected years (1988 and 2019) was compared. Finding the optimum interpolation method for the considered groundwater quality parameters is essential. Cross-validation and three indexes of R2, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to compare the performance of the methods. By identifying universal kriging (UK) and global polynomial interpolation (GPI) methods as the optimum methods and using those for the selected years (1988 and 2019), spatial variation of the concentration of cations in groundwater across the plain has been presented. In 1988, the maximum concentration of the cations occurred in the southwest of the plain (about 80 mg/L), and the minimum concentration of the cations was observed in the northwest of the plain (approximately 8 mg/L). Similarly, in 2019, the highest concentration of the cations was found in the southwest of the plain (almost 64 mg/L), and its lowest concentration was observed in the northeast of the plain (roughly 13 mg/L). Moreover, temporal variations of the concentration of cations in groundwater from 1988 to 2019 have also been presented. The concentration of the cations increased by approximately 23 mg/L in the northwest and decreased to about 37 mg/L in the southwest of the study area from 1988 through 2019. According to the results, changes in the quality of groundwater are a complex problem and it is necessary to adopt proper strategies to reduce its adverse effects.
{"title":"The Performance of Several Current Interpolation Methods for Variability of cations in Groundwater in Esfarayen Plain, Iran: A Case Study","authors":"A. Mahmoodnia, Morteza Mousavi, Farshad Golbabaei Kootenaei, M. Asadi-Ghalhari","doi":"10.34172/ajehe.2022.4206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2022.4206","url":null,"abstract":"Acquiring information about groundwater quality is essential in developing management strategies. In this article, spatio-temporal variations of cations in groundwater in Esfarayen plain were investigated using data monitored in 134 groundwater wells, active in 1988, and 47 wells, active in 2019. To evaluate groundwater quality, interpolation methods have been used to interpolate existing limited spatial data. The performance of 8 current interpolation methods on the data for the two selected years (1988 and 2019) was compared. Finding the optimum interpolation method for the considered groundwater quality parameters is essential. Cross-validation and three indexes of R2, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to compare the performance of the methods. By identifying universal kriging (UK) and global polynomial interpolation (GPI) methods as the optimum methods and using those for the selected years (1988 and 2019), spatial variation of the concentration of cations in groundwater across the plain has been presented. In 1988, the maximum concentration of the cations occurred in the southwest of the plain (about 80 mg/L), and the minimum concentration of the cations was observed in the northwest of the plain (approximately 8 mg/L). Similarly, in 2019, the highest concentration of the cations was found in the southwest of the plain (almost 64 mg/L), and its lowest concentration was observed in the northeast of the plain (roughly 13 mg/L). Moreover, temporal variations of the concentration of cations in groundwater from 1988 to 2019 have also been presented. The concentration of the cations increased by approximately 23 mg/L in the northwest and decreased to about 37 mg/L in the southwest of the study area from 1988 through 2019. According to the results, changes in the quality of groundwater are a complex problem and it is necessary to adopt proper strategies to reduce its adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":8672,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49347640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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