A. Yadav, S. Hyoju, P. Raya, Chhanda Budhathoki, Ram Prasad Sharma, Kiran Thapa Magar, A.D. Joshi
The use of ultrasound in peripheral nerve blocks has become increasingly more frequent. Lower–extremity surgeries are mainly performed under general or central neuraxial anesthesia, ultrasound-guided combined peripheral nerve block (PNB) can be a good alternative anesthetic technique, especially for high-risk patients who require continuous anticoagulation treatment and present with poor cardiovascular conditions.
{"title":"Ultrasound Guided Combined Peripheral Nerve Blocks in a High-Risk Patient: A Case Report","authors":"A. Yadav, S. Hyoju, P. Raya, Chhanda Budhathoki, Ram Prasad Sharma, Kiran Thapa Magar, A.D. Joshi","doi":"10.37080/nmj.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.141","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ultrasound in peripheral nerve blocks has become increasingly more frequent. Lower–extremity surgeries are mainly performed under general or central neuraxial anesthesia, ultrasound-guided combined peripheral nerve block (PNB) can be a good alternative anesthetic technique, especially for high-risk patients who require continuous anticoagulation treatment and present with poor cardiovascular conditions.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78132776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prakash Rai, Rekha Shah, Binita Yadav, S. Parajuli
Introduction: A prescription is a written order to a pharmacist by a doctor, which should contain all its components so that a patient can get precise and fruitful outcomes of disease treatment. Preclinical undergraduate medical students are taught and trained to develop good prescription skills. Thus, we aimed to appraise prescription writing skills among intern doctors of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 63 interns of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Nineteen components of a prescription according to the World Health Organization were included in this study. They were name, address, degree, registration number, telephone number, sign of the prescriber, date, diagnosis, dosage form, correct dose, the correct route, correct quantity, and correct instruction of the drug, name, address, sex, and age of the patient. Then four groups; Group A (Poor), Group B (Fair), Group C (Good), and Group D (Excellent) were divided according to the number of components included in the prescription. Results: According to the study scoring system, the maximum prescriptions were from group C (65.08%) followed by group B (34.92%). None of them were group A and group D. Components such as prescriber’s name, drug’s name, dose, route, quantity, and instruction were found in all the prescriptions whereas, components such as prescriber’s address, degree, and contact number were not found in any of the prescriptions. Conclusions: The prescription writing skills of interns of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital is not up to the mark. There are lots of missing components in their prescriptions.
{"title":"Prescription Writing Skill among Intern Doctors of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal","authors":"Prakash Rai, Rekha Shah, Binita Yadav, S. Parajuli","doi":"10.37080/nmj.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.140","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A prescription is a written order to a pharmacist by a doctor, which should contain all its components so that a patient can get precise and fruitful outcomes of disease treatment. Preclinical undergraduate medical students are taught and trained to develop good prescription skills. Thus, we aimed to appraise prescription writing skills among intern doctors of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal. \u0000Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 63 interns of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. Nineteen components of a prescription according to the World Health Organization were included in this study. They were name, address, degree, registration number, telephone number, sign of the prescriber, date, diagnosis, dosage form, correct dose, the correct route, correct quantity, and correct instruction of the drug, name, address, sex, and age of the patient. Then four groups; Group A (Poor), Group B (Fair), Group C (Good), and Group D (Excellent) were divided according to the number of components included in the prescription. \u0000Results: According to the study scoring system, the maximum prescriptions were from group C (65.08%) followed by group B (34.92%). None of them were group A and group D. Components such as prescriber’s name, drug’s name, dose, route, quantity, and instruction were found in all the prescriptions whereas, components such as prescriber’s address, degree, and contact number were not found in any of the prescriptions. \u0000 Conclusions: The prescription writing skills of interns of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital is not up to the mark. There are lots of missing components in their prescriptions.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81118883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa characterized by infiltration of the superficial mucosa by chronic inflammatory cells and with progressive spread to involve the whole mucosa leading to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and may even progress to the development of carcinoma. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is believed to be the major causative agent in the pathogenesis of chronic active gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer along with gastric carcinoma. Sydney system classifies gastritis by the intensity of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, activity of polymorphs, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia and presence of H. pylori. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study conducted at Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from January 2015 to December 2015. Record of computerized histopathology reports of all cases of endoscopic gastric biopsies were retrieved from the laboratory. The biopsy samples obtained from both body and antrum were included in the study. The grades of mononuclear cells infiltration, neutrophilic activity, metaplasia, dysplasia and glandular atrophy were determined using the Sydney system classification. The presence or absence of H. pylori was noted in the slides stained with Giemsa stain. Data analysis was done using a Microsoft Excel file. Results: Of 128 samples studied, the most common endoscopic findings were erythematous lesions and mononuclear infiltrate was seen in all cases. 61.7% showed moderate inflammation. The activity was seen in 35.9% of cases. H. pylori organism was noted in 48.4% of cases. Conclusion: The severity of chronic inflammation and neutrophilic activity are significantly associated with infection by this microorganism.
简介:慢性胃炎是一种胃粘膜的慢性炎症，以慢性炎症细胞浸润浅表粘膜为特征，进行性扩散累及整个粘膜，导致萎缩和肠化生，甚至发展为癌。慢性幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)感染被认为是慢性活动性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡及胃癌发病的主要病原体。悉尼系统根据单个核炎症浸润的强度、多形态、萎缩、化生和不典型增生的活动以及幽门螺杆菌的存在对胃炎进行分类。方法:2015年1月至2015年12月在尼泊尔加德满都加德满都模范医院病理科进行观察性、描述性、横断面回顾性研究。所有胃内窥镜活检病例的计算机组织病理学报告记录均从实验室检索。从身体和胃窦获得的活检样本包括在研究中。单核细胞浸润、中性粒细胞活性、化生、异常增生和腺体萎缩的分级采用悉尼系统分级。用吉姆萨染色法观察到幽门螺杆菌的存在与否。数据分析使用Microsoft Excel文件完成。结果:在研究的128个样本中，最常见的内镜表现是红斑病变，所有病例均可见单核浸润。61.7%表现为中度炎症。35.9%的病例有这种活动。48.4%的病例检出幽门螺杆菌。结论:慢性炎症的严重程度和嗜中性粒细胞活性与该微生物感染密切相关。
{"title":"Histopathologic Study of Gastritis and Helicobacter Pylori Infection at a Tertiary Centre in Kathmandu","authors":"Agya Shrestha, S. Parajuli","doi":"10.37080/nmj.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.138","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa characterized by infiltration of the superficial mucosa by chronic inflammatory cells and with progressive spread to involve the whole mucosa leading to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and may even progress to the development of carcinoma. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is believed to be the major causative agent in the pathogenesis of chronic active gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer along with gastric carcinoma. Sydney system classifies gastritis by the intensity of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, activity of polymorphs, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia and presence of H. pylori. \u0000 Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study conducted at Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from January 2015 to December 2015. Record of computerized histopathology reports of all cases of endoscopic gastric biopsies were retrieved from the laboratory. The biopsy samples obtained from both body and antrum were included in the study. The grades of mononuclear cells infiltration, neutrophilic activity, metaplasia, dysplasia and glandular atrophy were determined using the Sydney system classification. The presence or absence of H. pylori was noted in the slides stained with Giemsa stain. Data analysis was done using a Microsoft Excel file. \u0000Results: Of 128 samples studied, the most common endoscopic findings were erythematous lesions and mononuclear infiltrate was seen in all cases. 61.7% showed moderate inflammation. The activity was seen in 35.9% of cases. H. pylori organism was noted in 48.4% of cases. \u0000Conclusion: The severity of chronic inflammation and neutrophilic activity are significantly associated with infection by this microorganism.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86268791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chaulagain, Sujata Baral, Shila Kandel, Alisha Agrawal, Ajeevan Gautam
Introduction: The need for a new biometric system is gaining importance. Tongue print is also getting acceptance as a system for biometric authentication. The tongue is an extremely muscular organ used for communication, taste, and deglutition. Studies have shown variations in the morphology of the tongue. Studies pertaining to the morphology of the tongue is lagging in Nepal. Hence this study was carried out to assess the various morphological variations of the tongue such as shapes, borders, and color among the bachelor level students in a tertiary care center in Nepal Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 bachelor-level students of Chitwan Medical College. The convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. All the data was recorded in a proforma. The sociodemographic details of the participants were recorded. The borders, colors, fissures, and shapes of the tongue’s morphology were documented. The collected data were entered into Microsoft excel 2019 and transported into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The data was also calculated in form of frequency and percentage and later on, they were presented in form of a table. Results: Among 312 students who took part in the study, 126 (40.4 %) of the participants were male and 186 (59.6 %) of them were female. The mean age of participants was 22.38 ±2.008 years. U-shaped tongue was prevalent followed by V-Shape tongue and bifid tongue. More than half of the participants 180 (57.7 %) had partially scalloped tongues. While comparing gender wise U-shaped tongue was more common in both males and females. The bifid tongue was observed more in males 11 (8.7 %) while the V-shaped tongue was more in females 52 (28 %). Conclusions:
对一种新的生物识别系统的需求越来越重要。舌纹作为一种生物识别认证系统也得到了认可。舌头是一个肌肉发达的器官，用于交流、品尝和吞咽。研究表明，舌头的形态存在差异。在尼泊尔，有关舌头形态的研究很落后。因此，本研究旨在评估尼泊尔某三级医疗中心本科学生的舌头形状、边界和颜色等各种形态学变化。方法:对奇旺医学院312名本科学生进行描述性横断面研究。采用方便抽样法进行数据采集。所有的数据都是以形式记录的。参与者的社会人口学细节被记录下来。舌的边界、颜色、裂隙和形状都被记录下来。将收集到的数据输入到Microsoft excel 2019中，并传输到SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 16中。然后使用描述性统计方法对数据进行分析。数据也以频率和百分比的形式计算，然后以表格的形式呈现。结果:312名参与研究的学生中，男性126人(40.4%)，女性186人(59.6%)。参与者平均年龄为22.38±2.008岁。以u形舌居多，其次为v形舌和双裂舌。180名参与者中超过一半(57.7%)的舌头部分呈扇贝状。而比较性别，u型舌头在男性和女性中都更常见。舌裂多见于男性11例(8.7%)，v形舌多见于女性52例(28%)。结论:
{"title":"Variations in Shape of Tongue among Students attending Chitwan Medical College","authors":"R. Chaulagain, Sujata Baral, Shila Kandel, Alisha Agrawal, Ajeevan Gautam","doi":"10.37080/nmj.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.143","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The need for a new biometric system is gaining importance. Tongue print is also getting acceptance as a system for biometric authentication. The tongue is an extremely muscular organ used for communication, taste, and deglutition. Studies have shown variations in the morphology of the tongue. Studies pertaining to the morphology of the tongue is lagging in Nepal. Hence this study was carried out to assess the various morphological variations of the tongue such as shapes, borders, and color among the bachelor level students in a tertiary care center in Nepal Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 bachelor-level students of Chitwan Medical College. The convenience sampling method was used to collect the data. All the data was recorded in a proforma. The sociodemographic details of the participants were recorded. The borders, colors, fissures, and shapes of the tongue’s morphology were documented. The collected data were entered into Microsoft excel 2019 and transported into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The data was also calculated in form of frequency and percentage and later on, they were presented in form of a table. Results: Among 312 students who took part in the study, 126 (40.4 %) of the participants were male and 186 (59.6 %) of them were female. The mean age of participants was 22.38 ±2.008 years. U-shaped tongue was prevalent followed by V-Shape tongue and bifid tongue. More than half of the participants 180 (57.7 %) had partially scalloped tongues. While comparing gender wise U-shaped tongue was more common in both males and females. The bifid tongue was observed more in males 11 (8.7 %) while the V-shaped tongue was more in females 52 (28 %). Conclusions: ","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is secreted protein family member similar to the sequence of frizzled receptors of wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathways which regulate various functions from fetal growth to adulthood. SFRPs are recognized as opponents of Wnt signaling and are thought to be affiliated with Wnts. Further research revealed their interaction with frizzled receptors and functional differences were transferred to these proteins, the power of Wnt signaling without flexibility. Also, SFRP4 is linked to many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer. In addition, SFRP4 acts as a biomarker for the diagnosis of T2D and its expression is observed before the clinical diagnosis of T2D. This review is mainly focused on the role of SFRP4 in obesity and its role in β-cell failure that leads to T2D. SFRP4 acts on adipose tissue that causes increased production of adipokines which creates oxidative stress in the pancreas with low levels of antioxidant enzymes in pancreatic β-cells resulting in failure of insulin exocytosis. Inflammation caused by obesity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may induce insulin resistance in adipose tissue, bone tissue and liver by blocking the transmission of insulin signals. SFRP4 secretion is caused by interleukin 1-β (IL1-β).This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms by which SFRP4 leads to T2D. Understanding the cellular pathway and identifying SFRP4 may help to eliminate or reduce the chances of developing T2D.
{"title":"Association of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 with Obesity and Type II Diabetes","authors":"Mukesh Kumar Shrewastwa, Viyatprajna Acharya, Arun Kumar Mahat","doi":"10.37080/nmj.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.148","url":null,"abstract":"Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is secreted protein family member similar to the sequence of frizzled receptors of wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathways which regulate various functions from fetal growth to adulthood. SFRPs are recognized as opponents of Wnt signaling and are thought to be affiliated with Wnts. Further research revealed their interaction with frizzled receptors and functional differences were transferred to these proteins, the power of Wnt signaling without flexibility. Also, SFRP4 is linked to many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer. In addition, SFRP4 acts as a biomarker for the diagnosis of T2D and its expression is observed before the clinical diagnosis of T2D. This review is mainly focused on the role of SFRP4 in obesity and its role in β-cell failure that leads to T2D. SFRP4 acts on adipose tissue that causes increased production of adipokines which creates oxidative stress in the pancreas with low levels of antioxidant enzymes in pancreatic β-cells resulting in failure of insulin exocytosis. Inflammation caused by obesity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may induce insulin resistance in adipose tissue, bone tissue and liver by blocking the transmission of insulin signals. SFRP4 secretion is caused by interleukin 1-β (IL1-β).This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms by which SFRP4 leads to T2D. Understanding the cellular pathway and identifying SFRP4 may help to eliminate or reduce the chances of developing T2D.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90929799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amshu Pradhan, Birendra Manda, A. Karn, O. Bajracharya
Introduction: Forensic anthropologists are mostly involved in establishing human identification of unknown dismembered remains, especially during the global humanitarian and medico-legal crisis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 adults (105 males and 145 females) Nepalese adults in the age group of 20-25 years were studied to investigate sexual dimorphism of the index and ring finger ratio. Results: The difference between the mean 2DL in males and females was 0.58 in the right 2DL and 0.6788 in the left 2DL. Similarly, it was 0.684 in the right 4DL and 0.714 in the left 4DL which showed not much difference significantly. The index and ring finger ratio is derived by dividing the index finger length by ring finger length Percentage accuracy based on sectioning point analysis in right-hand male was 99.16% and left hand was 99.84% similarly in the female right hand was 99.85% and left hand was 99.46%. Conclusions: Unlike previous studies, the difference in the length and ratio of the index and ring fingers was not significant between males and females. To generalize the findings, a similar study with a larger sample size is advised.
{"title":"Determination of Gender from Index and Ring Finger Ratio in Young Adult","authors":"Amshu Pradhan, Birendra Manda, A. Karn, O. Bajracharya","doi":"10.37080/nmj.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Forensic anthropologists are mostly involved in establishing human identification of unknown dismembered remains, especially during the global humanitarian and medico-legal crisis.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 adults (105 males and 145 females) Nepalese adults in the age group of 20-25 years were studied to investigate sexual dimorphism of the index and ring finger ratio.\u0000Results: The difference between the mean 2DL in males and females was 0.58 in the right 2DL and 0.6788 in the left 2DL. Similarly, it was 0.684 in the right 4DL and 0.714 in the left 4DL which showed not much difference significantly. The index and ring finger ratio is derived by dividing the index finger length by ring finger length Percentage accuracy based on sectioning point analysis in right-hand male was 99.16% and left hand was 99.84% similarly in the female right hand was 99.85% and left hand was 99.46%.\u0000Conclusions: Unlike previous studies, the difference in the length and ratio of the index and ring fingers was not significant between males and females. To generalize the findings, a similar study with a larger sample size is advised.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75212809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is parasitic infestation characterized by the development of cyst as a consequence of the parasitization of humans by the larval stages of cestode Echinococcus granulosus. We present a case of 66 years old man who presented with a history of dry cough, mild fever and occasional shortness of breath for 1 year, which was gradually progressive with no history of chest pain or weight loss. Chest x-ray revealed a well-circumscribed homogenous opacity in the right hemithorax. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a large cystic lesion 18× 15 × 14 cm in the right hemithorax involving the whole of the right lower lobe and causing compression atelectasis of the middle lobe. The patient underwent lung preserving surgery with cystectomy and capotionnage. The patient was discharged on the 6th postoperative with a good clinical and radiological outcome. This case report highlights that lung-preserving surgery can be performed in giant hydatid cysts with a good outcome.
{"title":"Parenchyma Preserving Surgery in Giant Hydatid Cyst of Lung: A Case Report","authors":"Alka Singh, Anil Acharya","doi":"10.37080/nmj.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.149","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is parasitic infestation characterized by the development of cyst as a consequence of the parasitization of humans by the larval stages of cestode Echinococcus granulosus. We present a case of 66 years old man who presented with a history of dry cough, mild fever and occasional shortness of breath for 1 year, which was gradually progressive with no history of chest pain or weight loss. Chest x-ray revealed a well-circumscribed homogenous opacity in the right hemithorax. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed a large cystic lesion 18× 15 × 14 cm in the right hemithorax involving the whole of the right lower lobe and causing compression atelectasis of the middle lobe. The patient underwent lung preserving surgery with cystectomy and capotionnage. The patient was discharged on the 6th postoperative with a good clinical and radiological outcome. This case report highlights that lung-preserving surgery can be performed in giant hydatid cysts with a good outcome.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87535415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the West, and it is increasing alarmingly in the South-Asia as well the main cause is likely modern lifestyle and diets. The aim of the study is to find an association of different risk factors with sonographically detected and graded fatty liver disease in hospital-based Nepalese police personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was done, and 125 cases were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) was sonographically diagnosed and graded. Association between graded NAFLD and risk factor was made using the Chi-square test keeping the inference <0.05. ANOVA analysis was done wherever applicable keeping inference < 0.05. Results: Mean age with NAFLD was 42.9±12.2 with age group 40-49 mostly involved 43(34.4%). The male gender has more prevalence of 82(65.6%). Most of the NAFLD Body Mass Index (BMI) were overweight 77(61.6%). There was a significant association of graded NAFLD with BMI (Chi Square P <0.05) and a significant difference between Grade I and Grade II BMI (ANOVA < 0.05 and Post Hoc (Tukey)<0.05). Also, a significant association of graded NAFLD was seen with Total Cholesterol (TC), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Chronic diseases (Diabetes mellitus and hypertension). Conclusions: Graded NAFLD is found to be strongly associated with BMI, TC, SGPT, SGOT, Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Furthermore, the prevalence was found more in the middle age group, male gender and overweight person.
简介:非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是西方最常见的慢性肝病，在南亚地区也以惊人的速度增长，其主要原因可能是现代生活方式和饮食。该研究的目的是在医院尼泊尔警察人员中发现不同危险因素与超声检测和分级脂肪肝疾病的关联。方法:采用横断面前瞻性研究，纳入125例符合纳入标准的病例。脂肪肝(FLD)的超声诊断和分级。分级NAFLD与危险因素之间的相关性采用卡方检验，保持推断<0.05。在适用的情况下进行方差分析，保持推理< 0.05。结果:NAFLD患者平均年龄(42.9±12.2)岁，40 ~ 49岁以43例(34.4%)为主。男性患病率较高，为82例(65.6%)。大多数NAFLD体重指数(BMI)为超重77(61.6%)。分级NAFLD与BMI有显著相关性(χ 2 P <0.05)，分级BMI与分级BMI有显著性差异(方差分析<0.05，事后分析<0.05)。此外，分级NAFLD与总胆固醇(TC)、血清谷丙转氨酶(SGPT)、血清谷草转氨酶(SGOT)和慢性疾病(糖尿病和高血压)有显著相关性。结论:分级NAFLD与BMI、TC、SGPT、SGOT、糖尿病和高血压密切相关。此外，在中年、男性和超重人群中患病率更高。
{"title":"Study of Sonographically Diagnosed Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Association with its Risk Factors in Nepal Police Hospital","authors":"K. Khadgi, Tanoj Bahadur Singh","doi":"10.37080/nmj.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the West, and it is increasing alarmingly in the South-Asia as well the main cause is likely modern lifestyle and diets. The aim of the study is to find an association of different risk factors with sonographically detected and graded fatty liver disease in hospital-based Nepalese police personnel.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was done, and 125 cases were included after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) was sonographically diagnosed and graded. Association between graded NAFLD and risk factor was made using the Chi-square test keeping the inference <0.05. ANOVA analysis was done wherever applicable keeping inference < 0.05.\u0000Results: Mean age with NAFLD was 42.9±12.2 with age group 40-49 mostly involved 43(34.4%). The male gender has more prevalence of 82(65.6%). Most of the NAFLD Body Mass Index (BMI) were overweight 77(61.6%). There was a significant association of graded NAFLD with BMI (Chi Square P <0.05) and a significant difference between Grade I and Grade II BMI (ANOVA < 0.05 and Post Hoc (Tukey)<0.05). Also, a significant association of graded NAFLD was seen with Total Cholesterol (TC), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and Chronic diseases (Diabetes mellitus and hypertension).\u0000Conclusions: Graded NAFLD is found to be strongly associated with BMI, TC, SGPT, SGOT, Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Furthermore, the prevalence was found more in the middle age group, male gender and overweight person.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84176441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The World Health Organization defined Workplace violence as ‘Incidents where staff is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being or health. Nurses are the second highest group experiencing problems like verbal abuse, physical abuse and sexual harassment at the workplace. Workplace violence will not affect the victim’s life but also produce negative consequences for the organization itself by decreased productivity of the nurse, low employee morale between nurses and co-workers, increased job stress, absenteeism, and diminished public image and trust in the organization. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and perpetrators of workplace violence among 109 nurses in Lumbini Medical College, Tansen, Palpa. Structured and pretested self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection using a proportionate simple random sampling technique. Results: More than three-fourths (78.9%) of participants said that they had ever been abused one way or the other. The prevalence of verbal violence (65%) was higher than the prevalence of emotional violence (50.5%) and physical violence (30.3%). Regarding the perpetrators, nearly three-fifths (61.5%) of respondents were abused by patients and more than half (51.4%) respondents were abused by the relatives of the patient. In almost all types of violence most of the victims; 23.94%, 30.9%, and 42.42% sought counseling in verbal, physical, and emotional violence respectively. Conclusions: Workplace violence is an alarming problem among nurses at the workplace in Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal. Verbal violence was more commonly encountered compared with physical, emotional and sexual violence.
{"title":"Prevalence of Workplace Violence among Nurses: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study in Pravas, Palpa","authors":"Rupa Prajapati, S. Maharjan, C. K. Garbuja","doi":"10.37080/nmj.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.142","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The World Health Organization defined Workplace violence as ‘Incidents where staff is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being or health. Nurses are the second highest group experiencing problems like verbal abuse, physical abuse and sexual harassment at the workplace. Workplace violence will not affect the victim’s life but also produce negative consequences for the organization itself by decreased productivity of the nurse, low employee morale between nurses and co-workers, increased job stress, absenteeism, and diminished public image and trust in the organization. \u0000 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and perpetrators of workplace violence among 109 nurses in Lumbini Medical College, Tansen, Palpa. Structured and pretested self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection using a proportionate simple random sampling technique. \u0000 Results: More than three-fourths (78.9%) of participants said that they had ever been abused one way or the other. The prevalence of verbal violence (65%) was higher than the prevalence of emotional violence (50.5%) and physical violence (30.3%). Regarding the perpetrators, nearly three-fifths (61.5%) of respondents were abused by patients and more than half (51.4%) respondents were abused by the relatives of the patient. In almost all types of violence most of the victims; 23.94%, 30.9%, and 42.42% sought counseling in verbal, physical, and emotional violence respectively. \u0000Conclusions: Workplace violence is an alarming problem among nurses at the workplace in Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal. Verbal violence was more commonly encountered compared with physical, emotional and sexual violence.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79709157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maya Rai, G. Neupane, S. Lohani, Bodh Bikram Karki
Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the second most infectious cause of death in adults globally and is major health trouble in Nepal. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is mainly carried by acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy, culture on Lowenstein–Jensen media, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. This study aimed to evaluate the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Acid-Fast Bacilli stain smear used for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, from July 2021 to June 2022. Our study population comprised 390 probable cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from the ages of 2 to 92 years. A total of 390 sputum specimens from suspected presumptive tuberculosis sufferers were tested using the direct smear staining technique of Acid-Fast Bacilli stain smear and GeneXpert for the detection of MTB/RIF. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF technique was compared with the Acid-Fast Bacilli stain smear. Patient’s demographic details, sputum AFB smear, and GeneXpert test results were collected and entered in working Performa. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: Out of 390 samples 13.84% were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis via GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay while 5.12% were positive through AFB microscopy which was statistically significant (p<.0001). When compared with GeneXpert, taking GeneXpert as the gold standard in the rural setup of Nepal the sensitivity of AFB staining was 37.03%, while its specificity was 90.81%. Conclusions: GeneXpert MTB/RIF is a rapid test that can aid in the timely diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, facilitating the timely treatment in the rural area.
{"title":"GeneXpert and Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Center of Rural Nepal","authors":"Maya Rai, G. Neupane, S. Lohani, Bodh Bikram Karki","doi":"10.37080/nmj.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37080/nmj.139","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the second most infectious cause of death in adults globally and is major health trouble in Nepal. The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is mainly carried by acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy, culture on Lowenstein–Jensen media, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. This study aimed to evaluate the GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Acid-Fast Bacilli stain smear used for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. \u0000 Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla, from July 2021 to June 2022. Our study population comprised 390 probable cases of pulmonary tuberculosis from the ages of 2 to 92 years. A total of 390 sputum specimens from suspected presumptive tuberculosis sufferers were tested using the direct smear staining technique of Acid-Fast Bacilli stain smear and GeneXpert for the detection of MTB/RIF. The GeneXpert MTB/RIF technique was compared with the Acid-Fast Bacilli stain smear. Patient’s demographic details, sputum AFB smear, and GeneXpert test results were collected and entered in working Performa. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. \u0000 Results: Out of 390 samples 13.84% were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis via GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay while 5.12% were positive through AFB microscopy which was statistically significant (p<.0001). When compared with GeneXpert, taking GeneXpert as the gold standard in the rural setup of Nepal the sensitivity of AFB staining was 37.03%, while its specificity was 90.81%. \u0000 Conclusions: GeneXpert MTB/RIF is a rapid test that can aid in the timely diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, facilitating the timely treatment in the rural area.","PeriodicalId":87122,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91387394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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