Revista portuguesa de cirurgia cardio-toracica e vascular : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cirurgia Cardio-Toracica e Vascular最新文献

Objective: The preoperative factors determining the selection of anesthetic technique in patients submitted to TAVI were identified. The results of this procedure in our hospital were evaluated.

Methods: Retrospective study in patients submitted to TAVI in Santa Marta Hospital (January 2010 to December 2016). Data collected from periprocedural records and stratified according to the anesthetic technique. Periprocedural complications were defined according to The Valve Academic Research Consortium 2. The preoperative factors determining the selection of anesthetic technique were identified through Chi-square test (categorical variables) and Student's t tests (continuous variables), followed by logistic regression.

Results: Bad vascular access identified by TC was a preoperative determinant for general anesthesia selection. Arterial hypertension and previous acute myocardial infarction were determinants for selection of local anesthesia with sedation. From a total of 149 patients, 105 (70,5%) developed some postprocedural complication; the most common were arrhythmias (n=53; 35,6%), major bleeding (n=50; 33,6%) and vascular complications (n=36; 24,2%).

Conclusion: There is no consensus regarding the best anesthetic technique to be performed in patients submitted to TAVI. It is the anesthesiologist decision which most appropriate anesthetic technique to select, considering technical aspects and objective evaluation of the patient. Local anesthesia with sedation showed some advantages: shorter duration of procedure and fewer patients requiring vasopressor drugs administration. TAVI is a highly complex procedure and a multidisciplinary approach is fundamental to its success.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm affects 5-9% of the population over the age of 65 years; is more common in male smokers and in patients with a positive family history of aortic aneurysms. Most patients are asymptomatic; rupture is the most common and dreaded complication. The classical triad of back pain, hypotension and pulsatile mass is the most common presentation but is present in only 25-50% of patients. Clinical presentation seems dependent on rupture site. Our report illustrate a rare clinical presentation for a serious clinical condition. Knowledge of different presentations can lead to timely diagnosis and management and decrease in rupture related morbidity and mortality.

Ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital abnormality diagnosed in children but account for only 10 percent of congenital heart defects in adults. Although many defects close spontaneously before adulthood, many others persist, predisposing to endocarditis, and other complications. Herein, we report a case of a known, asymptomatic, perimembranous ventricular septal defects that has complicated at 53 years of age with the need for surgery due to native aortic valve endocarditis and concomitant severe aortic regurgitation. We opted to surgically repair the ventricular septal defects with a pericardial patch through the necessary aortotomy used for aortic valve replacement (Figure 1 and 2). The surgery was straightforward. Postoperative course was only marked by the need of a permanent pacemaker implantation due to a sick sinus syndrome, which was diagnosed before the surgery. Thus, we emphasize the role of surgery in repairing ventricular septal defects and the importance of choosing the appropriate approach, especially when concomitant heart lesions are present.

Background: Bartonella quintana is a facultative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of trench fever. The disease was reported during the World Wars in pre-antibiotic era and is associated with louse infestation and poor hygiene conditions. Bartonella bacteraemia may result in endocarditis mostly in people with existing heart valve abnormalities.

Case report: We report a case of endocarditis caused by B. quintana in a 77-year-old woman with previous valvulopathy. This active endocarditis case was characterized by aortic root involvement 5 years after surgical aortic valve replacement. Although the initial serological tests had induced to a presumptive diagnosis of Q fever, B. quintana infection was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Detection of Bartonella DNA in valvular and abscess specimens was determinant to confirm Bartonella infection in the absence of other associated risk factors.

Conclusions: Bartonella infection should be considered in patients with pre-existing valvular disease and with a blood culture-negative endocarditis.

Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare entity with an estimated prevalence of 0.09%. The majority present asymptomatically and the diagnosis is made incidentally during an imaging test. Indications to treat have been subject of intense debate, nevertheless, there seems to be some consensus that RAA's greater than 2 cm in diameter, expanding, with thrombus or in pregnant women should be treated. Treatment options vary between surgical or endovascular approach. Hilar RAA presents a therapeutic challenge because of their anatomic location and may require extracorporeal arterial reconstruction and auto-transplantation. We describe a 71-year-old woman, with an incidentally diagnosed complex RAA, following the study for an abdominal discomfort. Computed tomographic angiography revealed a 13mm, saccular aneurysm located at the right renal hilum. We performed hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy with ex-vivo repair of the RAA. The intervention and postoperative course were uneventful. At six months of follow up the patient keeps a well-functioning auto-transplant. RAA may be nowadays more frequently diagnosed due to the increasing use of imaging techniques. Hand- -assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy with ex-vivo repair and auto-transplantation is a challenging but feasible option for treating hilar RAA.

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has evolved as a life-saving measure for patients requiring emergent support of respiratory and cardiac function. The femoral artery is the standard site for vascular access when initiating adult venoarterial (VA) ECMO. Cannulation-related complications are a known source of morbidity and it has been speculated that patients undergoing ECMO via femoral arterial cannulation are more likely to develop peripheral vascular complications (up to 70%).

Methods: Retrospective institutional review of patients requiring ECMO (January 2011-August 2017). The primary outcome of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cannulation-related complications on VA ECMO and to determine its effect on patient morbimortality.

Results: Eighty-two patients underwent ECMO during the period of study, 56,1% were male with a mean age of 55,8 years. The VA mode was used in 61 patients, 56 with peripheral cannulation. Femoral arterial access was established in 52 patients (73% percutaneously). Vascular complications were observed in 28,6% of the VA femoral ECMOs: 12 acute limb ischemias and 3 major hemorrhages. At the time of femoral cannulation, distal peripheral catheter (DPC) was placed in 5 patients and none developed limb ischemia. For those who developed limb ischemia, several interventions were performed: DPC placement in 9 cases, fasciotomy in 4 and 2 major amputations. Thirty patients underwent arterial cannulas open surgical removal: 8 underwent balloon catheter trombectomy and 5 needed femoral reconstruction. There was an association between PAD (p=0,03) and ischemic cardiopathy (p=0,02;OR 4,5) with the present of vascular complications after ECMO implantation.

Conclusions: Cannulation of femoral vessels remains associated with considerable rates of vascular events (28.6%). PAD and ischemic cardiopathy are associated with vascular complications in this form of cannulation.